外文翻譯--模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造

1、<p>　　Mold design and manufacture</p><p>　　The mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing

2、industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80's later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives int

3、o the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three in</p><p>　　Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares wit

4、h the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and pr

5、oductivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .</p><p>　　The Chinese mold indust

6、ry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the ent

7、erprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and

8、 the structure improvement, the multi</p><p>　　The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex,

9、the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold facto

10、ry quantity and its productivity increase; "The three investments" and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The join</p><p>　　Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved th

11、e suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current

12、 existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:</p><p>　　(1) the total quantity falls short of demand </p><p>　　domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,abo

13、ut 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .</p><p>　　(2) the enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import a

14、nd export structure does not gather</p><p>　　in our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles onese

15、lf the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is "large and complete", "small and entire" organization for

16、m, but overseas mostly is "small but", "is specially small and fine". Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts </p><p>　　(3) the mold product level greatly is l

17、ower than the international standard</p><p>　　the production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on sur

18、face roughness, life and structure .</p><p>　　(4) develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion low</p><p>　　the level

19、 is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas

20、mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with

21、 it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modern</p><p>　　To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product whic

22、h should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .</p><p>　　(1) country to mold industry policy support dynami

23、cs also insufficiently</p><p>　　although the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoy

24、ed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have t

25、o pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately opera</p><p>　　(2) talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the techni

26、cal attack investment too urine </p><p>　　mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which

27、and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insuf

28、ficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the univer</p><p>　　(3) the craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use facto

29、r low </p><p>　　recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a

30、bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the a

31、nd so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipmen</p><p>　　(4) specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability </p><p>

32、;　　because receives "large and complete" "small and entire" the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low

33、. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold com

34、plete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter us</p><p>　　(5) to the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls </p><p&g

35、t;　　the mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to co

36、mpare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .</p><p>　　At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase,

37、on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand

38、, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold p</p><p&g

39、t;　　The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi

40、-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content

41、unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly red</p><p>　　(1) to establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, informa

42、tion, intellectualization, standardized level .</p><p>　　(2) establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automat

43、ed level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .</p><p>　　(3) the mold production enterprise's information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterpri

44、se resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .</p><p>　　(4)

45、are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufac

46、ture technology and so on .</p><p>　　(5) enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .</p>

47、<p>　　(6) the advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology,

48、reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .</p><p>　　(7) the raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .</p>&l

49、t;p>　　(8) the advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .</p><p>　　(9) the mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .&

50、lt;/p><p>　　(10) the mold and its the product examination technology.</p><p>　　(11) high quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .</p><

51、;p>　　(12) the mold production enterprise's modern management technology □</p><p>　　Mold profession in "十15" period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information,

52、 the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough </p><p>　　Along with the national economy total quantity a

53、nd the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.</p><p>　　Although

54、 mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massi

55、ve imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significan

56、t influence to the entire mold profession developmen</p><p>　　According to "十15" the mold profession development plan, "十15" the period mold product development mainly has following sever

57、al kind of the automobile cover mold </p><p>　　(1) ramming mold to occupy</p><p>　　the mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, a

58、lso includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, str

59、ucture complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. </p><p>　　(2)the precise ramming mold

60、 </p><p>　　multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics indu

61、stry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the

62、 overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the produ</p><p>　　(3) the large-scale precise plastic mold</p><p>　　plastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity

63、10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the

64、 electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plasti

65、c differen</p><p>　　(4) the main mold standard to imitatee </p><p>　　at present domestically to have an greater output the mold standard letter mainly is the mold frame, the guidance, the throwo

66、ut lever pushes the tube, the elastic part and so on. These products not only the domestic necessary massive need, the exportation prospect very is also good, should continue vigorously to develop. The nitrogen cylinder

67、and the hot flow channel part main dependence import, should raise the level in the existing foundation, forms the standard and organization scale producti</p><p>　　(5) the other high-tech content molds <

68、/p><p>　　occupiesin the mold total quantity green 8% compression casting mold, large-scale thin wall precise compression casting technology content high, the difficulty is big. The magnesium alloy compression c

69、asting mold at present although just started, but the prospects for development were good, have the representation. The meridian rubber tire mold also is the development direction, detachable mold technology difficulty i

70、s biggest. With fast takes shape some fast pattern making technologies and the </p><p><b>　　模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造</b></p><p>　　模具是制造業(yè)的重要工藝基礎(chǔ)，在我國(guó)，模具制造屬于專用設(shè)備制造業(yè)。中國(guó)雖然很早就開(kāi)始制造模具和使用模具，但長(zhǎng)期未形成產(chǎn)業(yè)。直到20世紀(jì)80年

71、代后期，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)才駛?cè)氚l(fā)展的快車(chē)道。近年，不僅國(guó)有模具企業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展，三資企業(yè)、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（個(gè)體）模具企業(yè)的發(fā)展也相當(dāng)迅速。 雖然中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，但與需求相比，顯然供不應(yīng)求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具領(lǐng)域。由于在模具精度、壽命、制造周期及生產(chǎn)能力等方面，中國(guó)與國(guó)際平均水平和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家仍有較大差距，因此，每年需要大量進(jìn)口模具。 中國(guó)模具產(chǎn)業(yè)除了要繼續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)能力，今后更要著重于行業(yè)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和

72、技術(shù)發(fā)展水平的提高。結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，主要是企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向?qū)I(yè)化調(diào)整，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)向著中高檔模具發(fā)展，向進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)的改進(jìn)，中高檔汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具成形分析及結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)、多功能復(fù)合模具和復(fù)合加工及激光技術(shù)在模具設(shè)計(jì)制造上的應(yīng)用、高速切削、超精加工及拋光技術(shù)、信息化方向發(fā)展。 近年，模具行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和體制改革步伐加大，主要表現(xiàn)在，大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命、中高檔模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件發(fā)展速度高于一般模具產(chǎn)品；塑料模和壓鑄模比例增大；專業(yè)</p>

73、;<p>　　（1）總量供不應(yīng)求 </p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低檔模具供過(guò)于求，中高檔模具自配率只有50%左右。 </p><p>　?。?）企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)和進(jìn)出口結(jié)構(gòu)均不合理 </p><p>　　我國(guó)模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車(chē)間（分廠），自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右，而國(guó)外模具超過(guò)70%屬商品模

74、具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式，而國(guó)外大多是“小而?！?、“小而精”。國(guó)內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%，而國(guó)外在50%以上。2004年，模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7:1，進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國(guó)家。</p><p>　?。?）模具產(chǎn)品水平大大低于國(guó)際水平，生產(chǎn)周期卻高于國(guó)際水平 </p><p>　　產(chǎn)品水平低主

75、要表現(xiàn)在模具的精度、型腔表面粗糙度、壽命及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面。 </p><p>　?。?）開(kāi)發(fā)能力較差，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益欠佳 我國(guó)模具企業(yè)技術(shù)人員比例低，水平較低，且不重視產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)，在市場(chǎng)中經(jīng)常處于被動(dòng)地位。我國(guó)每個(gè)模具職工平均年創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)值約合1萬(wàn)美元，國(guó)外模具工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家大多是15～20萬(wàn)美元，有的高達(dá)25～30萬(wàn)美元，與之相對(duì)的是我國(guó)相當(dāng)一部分模具企業(yè)還沿用過(guò)去作坊式管理，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化企業(yè)管理的企業(yè)較少。

76、 造成上述差距的原因很多，除了歷史上模具作為產(chǎn)品長(zhǎng)期未得到應(yīng)有的重視，以及多數(shù)國(guó)有企業(yè)機(jī)制不能適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)之外，還有下列幾個(gè)原因： </p><p>　?。?）國(guó)家對(duì)模具工業(yè)的政策支持力度還不夠 </p><p>　　雖然國(guó)家已經(jīng)明確頒布了模具行業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)政策，但配套政策少，執(zhí)行力度弱。目前享受模具產(chǎn)品增值稅的企業(yè)全國(guó)只有185家，大多數(shù)企業(yè)仍舊稅負(fù)過(guò)重。模具企業(yè)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改造引進(jìn)設(shè)備要繳納

77、相當(dāng)數(shù)量的稅金，影響技術(shù)進(jìn)步，而且民營(yíng)企業(yè)貸款十分困難。 </p><p>　　（2）人才嚴(yán)重不足，科研開(kāi)發(fā)及技術(shù)攻關(guān)投入太少 </p><p>　　模具行業(yè)是技術(shù)、資金、勞動(dòng)密集的產(chǎn)業(yè)，隨著時(shí)代的進(jìn)步和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，掌握并且熟練運(yùn)用新技術(shù)的人才異常短缺，高級(jí)模具鉗工及企業(yè)管理人才也非常緊張。由于模具企業(yè)效益欠佳及對(duì)科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)重視不夠，科研單位和大專院校的眼睛盯著創(chuàng)收，導(dǎo)致模具行業(yè)在

78、科研開(kāi)發(fā)和技術(shù)攻關(guān)方面投入太少，致使模具技術(shù)發(fā)展步伐不大，進(jìn)展不快。 </p><p>　?。?）工藝裝備水平低，且配套性不好，利用率低 </p><p>　　近年來(lái)我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)進(jìn)步較快，已能提供比較成套的高精度加工設(shè)備，但與國(guó)外裝備相比，仍有較大差距。雖然國(guó)內(nèi)許多企業(yè)已引進(jìn)許多國(guó)外先進(jìn)設(shè)備，但總體的裝備水平比國(guó)外許多企業(yè)低很多。由于體制和資金等方面的原因，引進(jìn)設(shè)備不配套，設(shè)備與附件不配套

79、現(xiàn)象十分普遍，設(shè)備利用率低的問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)期得不到較妥善的解決。 </p><p>　　（4）專業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、商品化程度低，協(xié)作能力差 </p><p>　　由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)受“大而全”“小而全”影響，模具專業(yè)化水平低，專業(yè)分工不細(xì)致，商品化程度低。目前國(guó)內(nèi)每年生產(chǎn)的模具，商品模具只占40%左右，其余為自產(chǎn)自用。模具企業(yè)之間協(xié)作不暢，難以完成較大規(guī)模的模具成套任務(wù)。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平低，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件使用覆蓋

80、率低也對(duì)模具質(zhì)量、成本有較大影響，特別是對(duì)模具制造周期有很大影響。 </p><p>　?。?）模具材料及模具相關(guān)技術(shù)落后 模具材料性能、質(zhì)量和品種問(wèn)題往往會(huì)影響模具質(zhì)量、壽命及成本，國(guó)產(chǎn)模具鋼與國(guó)外進(jìn)口鋼材相比有較大差距。塑料、板材、設(shè)備性能差，也直接影響模具水平的提高。 目前，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段，國(guó)際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢(shì)日趨明顯，這為我國(guó)模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。一

81、方面，國(guó)內(nèi)模具市場(chǎng)將繼續(xù)高速發(fā)展，另一方面，模具制造也逐漸向我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移以及跨國(guó)集團(tuán)到我國(guó)進(jìn)行模具采購(gòu)趨向也十分明顯。因此，放眼未來(lái)，國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的模具市場(chǎng)總體發(fā)展趨勢(shì)前景看好，預(yù)計(jì)中國(guó)模具將在良好的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下得到高速發(fā)展，我國(guó)不但會(huì)成為模具大國(guó)，而且一定逐步向模具制造強(qiáng)國(guó)的行列邁進(jìn)?！笆晃濉逼陂g，中國(guó)模具工業(yè)水平不僅在量和質(zhì)的方面有很大提高，而且行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品水平、開(kāi)發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)的體制與機(jī)制以及技術(shù)進(jìn)步的方面也會(huì)取得較大發(fā)展。

82、 模具技術(shù)集合了機(jī)械、電子、化學(xué)、光學(xué)、材料、計(jì)算機(jī)、精密監(jiān)測(cè)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)等諸多學(xué)科，是一個(gè)綜合性多學(xué)科的系統(tǒng)工程。模具技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)主要是模具產(chǎn)品向著更大型、更精密、更復(fù)雜及更經(jīng)濟(jì)的方向發(fā)展，模具產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)含量不斷提高，模具制造周期</p><p>　?。?）建立在CAD/CAE平臺(tái)上的先進(jìn)模具設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)，提高模具設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)代化、信息化、智能化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平。 </p><p>　?。?）建立

83、在CAM/CAPP基礎(chǔ)上的先進(jìn)模具加工技術(shù)與先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)相結(jié)合，提高模具加工的自動(dòng)化水平與生產(chǎn)效率。 </p><p>　　（3）模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的信息化管理技術(shù)。例如PDM（產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)管理）、ERP（企業(yè)資源管理）、MIS（模具制造管理信息系統(tǒng)）及INTERMET平臺(tái)等信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用、推廣及發(fā)展。 </p><p>　?。?）高速、高精、復(fù)合模具加工技術(shù)的研究與應(yīng)用。例如超精沖壓模具制造技

84、術(shù)、精密塑料和壓鑄模具制造技術(shù)等。 </p><p>　　（5）提高模具生產(chǎn)效率、降低成本和縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期的各種快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具制造技術(shù)。 </p><p>　?。?）先進(jìn)制造技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。例如熱流道技術(shù)、氣輔技術(shù)、虛擬技術(shù)、納米技術(shù)、高速掃描技術(shù)、逆向工程、并行工程等技術(shù)在模具研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、加工過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　（7）原材料在模具中成形的仿真技術(shù)。 &l

85、t;/p><p>　?。?）先進(jìn)的模具加工和專有設(shè)備的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)。 </p><p>　　（9）模具及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件、重要輔件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)。 </p><p>　　（10）模具及其制品的檢測(cè)技術(shù)。 </p><p>　　（11）優(yōu)質(zhì)、新型模具材料的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)及其正確應(yīng)用。 </p><p>　?。?2）模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的現(xiàn)代化管理

86、技術(shù)。 </p><p>　　模具行業(yè)在“十一五”期間需要解決的重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)應(yīng)是模具信息化、數(shù)字化技術(shù)和精密、超精、高速、高效制造技術(shù)方面的突破。 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和工業(yè)產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，各行各業(yè)對(duì)模具的需求量越來(lái)越大，技術(shù)要求也越來(lái)越高。雖然模具種類繁多，但其發(fā)展重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是既能滿足大量需要，又有較高技術(shù)含量，特別是目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚不能自給，需大量進(jìn)口的模具和能代表發(fā)展方向的大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長(zhǎng)壽命模具。模

87、具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的種類、數(shù)量、水平、生產(chǎn)集中度等對(duì)整個(gè)模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展有重大影響。因此，一些重要的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件也必須重點(diǎn)發(fā)展，而且其發(fā)展速度應(yīng)快于模具的發(fā)展速度，這樣才能不斷提高我國(guó)模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化水平，從而提高模具質(zhì)量，縮短模具生產(chǎn)周期，降低成本。由于我國(guó)的模具產(chǎn)品在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上占有較大的價(jià)格優(yōu)勢(shì)，因此對(duì)于出口前景好的模具產(chǎn)品也應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)來(lái)發(fā)展。根據(jù)上述需要量大、技術(shù)含量高、代表發(fā)展方向、出口前景好的原則選擇重點(diǎn)發(fā)展產(chǎn)品，而且所選產(chǎn)品必須目前已有一定技術(shù)

88、基礎(chǔ)，屬于有條件、有可能發(fā)展起來(lái)的產(chǎn)品。 根據(jù)“十一五”模具行業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，“十一五”期間模具產(chǎn)品發(fā)展重點(diǎn)主要有如下幾類： </p><p>　　（1）汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具</p><p>　　沖壓模具占模具總量的40%以上。汽車(chē)覆蓋件模具主要為汽車(chē)配套，也包括為農(nóng)用車(chē)、工程機(jī)械和農(nóng)機(jī)配套的覆蓋件模具，它在沖壓模具中具有很大的代表性，模具大都是大中型，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，技術(shù)要求高。尤其是為轎車(chē)配

89、套的覆蓋件模具，要求更高，可以代表沖壓模具的水平。此類模具我國(guó)已有一定的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，已為中檔轎車(chē)配套，但水平還不高，能力不足，目前滿足率只有一半左右。中高檔轎車(chē)覆蓋件模具主要依靠進(jìn)口，已成為汽車(chē)發(fā)展的瓶頸，極大的影響著車(chē)型開(kāi)發(fā)。 </p><p>　?。?）精密沖壓模具 </p><p>　　多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和精沖模代表了沖壓模具的發(fā)展方向，精度要求壽命要求極高，主要為電子工業(yè)、汽車(chē)、儀器儀表、

90、電機(jī)電器等配套。這兩種模具，國(guó)內(nèi)已有相當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，并已引進(jìn)了國(guó)外技術(shù)及設(shè)備，個(gè)別企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品已達(dá)到世界水平，但大部分企業(yè)仍有較大差距，供應(yīng)總量不足，進(jìn)口很多。 </p><p>　　（3）大型精密塑料模具 </p><p>　　塑料模具占模具總量近40%，而且這個(gè)比例還在上升。塑料模具中為汽車(chē)和家電配套的大型注塑模具，為集成電路配套的塑封模，為電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)和機(jī)械及包裝配套的多層、多腔、多材質(zhì)

91、、多色精密注塑模，為新型建材及節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)配套的塑料異型材擠出模及管路和噴頭模具等，目前雖然已有相當(dāng)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)并正在快速發(fā)展，但技術(shù)水平與國(guó)外仍有較大差距，總量供不應(yīng)求，每年的進(jìn)口額達(dá)幾億美元。 </p><p>　　（4）主要模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件 </p><p>　　目前國(guó)內(nèi)已有較大產(chǎn)量的模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件主要是模架、導(dǎo)向件、推桿推管、彈性元件等。這些產(chǎn)品不但國(guó)內(nèi)配套大量需要，出口前景也很好，應(yīng)繼續(xù)大力發(fā)展

92、。氮?dú)飧缀蜔崃鞯涝饕揽窟M(jìn)口，應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上提高水平，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并組織規(guī)?；a(chǎn)。 </p><p>　?。?）其他高技術(shù)含量的模具 </p><p>　　占模具總量給8%的壓鑄模具中，大型薄壁精密壓鑄技術(shù)含量高，難度大。鎂合金壓鑄模具目前雖然剛起步，但發(fā)展前景好，有代表性。子午線橡膠輪胎模具也是發(fā)展方向，其中活絡(luò)模技術(shù)難度最大。與快速成型技術(shù)相結(jié)合的一些快速制模技術(shù)及相應(yīng)的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具