剪式小型舉升機(jī)機(jī)械設(shè)備課程畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯@中英文翻譯@外文翻譯

1、<p>　　中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)長(zhǎng)城學(xué)院</p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　系 別： 工程技術(shù)系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　姓 名： 王寧寧 </p><p&g

2、t;　　學(xué) 號(hào)： 05211607 </p><p>　　2015 年 4 月 1 日</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯原文</b></p><p>　　Scissor life</p><p>　　In today's society rapid development,

3、some companies in the process of work to help, you need to use lifting machine. Lifters began using the invention of the United States in 1925, development has been through a lot of changes and improvements, types and de

4、velopment to a lot of kinds, generally has the pillar type and scissors, the drive mode with mechanical drive, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, etc. This design is from the generation and development of li

5、fting machine, and int</p><p>　　The direction of the lifting machine design choice</p><p>　　Now we can see most of the lifting machine most fixed installation. Portable lifting machine but we al

6、so have several successful design, such as traction type lifting machine, shear fork lift machine, etc. The prominent nature of this type of lifting machine advantage is good flexibility, can open at any time to repair t

7、he field service, easy to use, which make full use of its advantages. Because now lifting machine more fixed, so we consider the development and use of portable lifting machine, </p><p>　　Until now we have t

8、he potential of the lifting machine for the development and utilization of the many ways, but there is still a developing widely and use efficiency is not high enough. Lifting machine, however, is when is now one of the

9、essential equipment of many industries, is also one of the indispensable accessories on many large machinery in the future, thus promote our better to study about the structure of it, to improve, so as to extend the serv

10、ice life of the equipment and improve the</p><p>　　The history of lifting machine</p><p>　　Lifting machine in the world already had 70 years of history. Production in the United States in 1925 t

11、he first car lifting machine, it is a kind of controlled by pneumatic lifting machine, single column due to the use of air pressure is low, and block; Using leather to seal at the same time, thus when compressed air driv

12、en bounce and serious instability. Until ten years later, in 1935 the single-column lifting machine is adopted in other parts of the outside of the United States.</p><p>　　In 1966, a German company produced

13、the first double column lifting machine, this is another breakthrough in the design of the lifting machine, but it was not until 1977 the lifting machine in other countries outside Germany. Now double column lifting mach

14、ine in the market to occupy a strong position, its sales still continues to grow. It compared with the four pillars of elevator, has both advantages and disadvantages as well as, the following will make a brief descripti

15、on.</p><p>　　We see the vast majority of the lifting machine adopt fixed installation. Before lifting the car must be on the lifting machine. In terms of portable lifting machine also has several successful

16、design, such as scissors lifting machine, diamond frame lifting machine, etc. But this kind of lifting machine there are still two major issues, close to the car bottom is difficult; In the workshop mobile lifting machin

17、e difficult to overcome the obstacles on the ground. Mobility is, of course, this kind</p><p>　　Lifting machine design requirements</p><p>　　Design before you determine the basic situation of pr

18、oduct design, to develop basic scheme according to the design requirement. The following is a list of the design - the scissors hydraulic lifting platform of some basic requirements:</p><p>　　1) overview of

19、the host: it is mainly used for the repair and maintenance of the crane is of workshop maintenance personnel;</p><p>　　2) main lifting and falling of lifting movement, speed is slow, small hydraulic impact;&

20、lt;/p><p>　　3) the maximum load of 0.3 tons, with double hydraulic cylinder control connection combination fork lever mechanism. Maximum lifting height 15 meters;</p><p>　　4) movement stability and

21、 security needs better;</p><p>　　5) artificial control operation, button start control lift;</p><p>　　6) working environment requirement: should not be in the sand on the ground floor, plank bri

22、ck plate and so on more than a solid ground, not in the ground of the slope or potholes, should not be operated in excessive cold outside;</p><p>　　7) reliable performance, low cost, easy to move, without ot

23、her auxiliary function and special function;</p><p>　　Lifting machine safeguards</p><p>　　Use the maintenance of safety assurance measures involving range is very wide, including lifting machine

24、 have the preparing work before use, for example, the bracket, the closing of the door, and seat belt is lie. Despite the lifting machine has a history of 70 years of development, but its design principle and little chan

25、ge; If neglecting safety requirements, the overload use, still can cause serious accident, even casualties accident. So security problem must has drawn great attention of using</p><p>　　(1) the lifting machi

26、ne lift platform lifting operations, working mesa should guarantee the horizontal and vertical strut fork group keep vertical state.</p><p>　　(2) when working outside, wind more than 5 is strictly prohibited

27、. Platform in the process of lifting, all personnel are strictly prohibited to climb.</p><p>　　(3) leg brace, ascending and descending homework; Platform after rising, before back to the original height, mob

28、ile is prohibited.</p><p>　　(4) use is strictly prohibited in the process of super high platform, overload operation; Platform in the process of the cargo lift, goods cannot be moved; Platform manned in the

29、process of the rise and fall, not moving and shaking.</p><p>　　(5) the hydraulic oil should be kept clean, shall not be mixed with water and other impurities.</p><p>　　(6) when the platform malf

30、unction cannot work normally, should be promptly cut off the power supply.</p><p>　　(7) equipment are in need of repair, the platform should be rising prison rear can run.</p><p>　　With the char

31、acteristics of the hydraulic system</p><p>　　1) in order to prevent the bedplate load weight down, the system adopts sealing good hydraulic controlled check valve self-locking;</p><p>　　2) in or

32、der to make weight down smoothly, USES the one-way speed regulating valve control of motor speed, less noise;</p><p>　　3) the system doesn't gesture, unloading directly, saving energy consumption;</p&

33、gt;<p>　　4) to make the lifting platform structure is more compact, the ease of installation and maintenance of superimposed components, hydraulic system, a unified arrangement within hydraulic station;</p>

34、<p>　　5) in order to prevent accident in work safety accidents, the system USES a pipeline rupture protection valve installed on the cylinder inferior vena inlet connection, once a line or other part of the pipelin

35、e suddenly burst, loose connection, pressure or the abnormal out-of-control speeding down counter, it can according to the differential pressure automatically cut off oil, prevent falling accidents, protect the equipment

36、 and personal safety;</p><p>　　6) in addition, on the electrical control, at the edge of lift platform setting limit switch, bedplate rise, once rose to the limit of maximum height, limit switch signal, unlo

37、ading to ensure that the compulsory system bedplate rise to the right height.</p><p>　　Hydraulic pressure source selection</p><p>　　The working medium of hydraulic system completely provided by

38、the hydraulic source, hydraulic source is the core of hydraulic pump. Without other auxiliary oil source, under the condition of the hydraulic pump oil should be greater than the need of system of oil, excess oil through

39、 the overflow valve back to tank, develop and stable oil source pressure relief valve at the same time. Volumetric speed control system mostly with variable pump, oil pressure relief valve caps on system. To save energ&l

40、t;/p><p>　　Lifting machine bedplate</p><p>　　Counter located in the upper lifting platform, is part of the support member. However, in order to secure our installed in the bedplate security fence,

41、ensure staff is in a relatively safe environment. The counter here is not a simple steel plate, but in the following ways, because the lifting platform fork lever arm on the pulley, the track's role is to make the pu

42、lley sliding back and forth within the ramp, the lifting platform lifting and falling movement. Under the floor. These parameters ac</p><p>　　The three kinds of structure of lifting machines</p><p

43、>　　Vertical fixed shear fork structure, hydraulic cylinder stroke is equal to the lifting platform stroke, the overall structure of large size, and the spherical hinge processing load, less in actual application.</

44、p><p>　　Level fixed fork scissors mechanism, through the analysis and calculation, the platform lifting stroke is greater than the hydraulic cylinder stroke, can achieve rapid control in the process of applicat

45、ion the purpose of the elevator, but the shortcoming is the role of the piston rod under transverse force, affect the service life of seals. And the piston rod on the load force platform of load force is larger than it a

46、ctually is. So practical and rarely used.</p><p>　　Two hinged shear fork structure to avoid the above shortcomings. Structure is reasonable, the platform of movements itinerary can achieve hydraulic cylinder

47、 stroke more than two times. Therefore, gradually has been widely used in engineering practice. This design is the key of double hinged shear fork structure analysis, in this paper.</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯譯文&

48、lt;/b></p><p><b>　　剪式小型舉升機(jī)</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)今社會(huì)高速發(fā)展，一些企業(yè)在工作過程中都需要使用舉升機(jī)來幫助，。舉升機(jī)自從1925年美國(guó)發(fā)明開始使用，發(fā)展至今已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了很多的變化和改進(jìn)，種類也發(fā)展到了很多種，一般有柱式和剪式，其驅(qū)動(dòng)方式有機(jī)械傳動(dòng)，液壓傳動(dòng)，氣壓傳動(dòng)等。本次設(shè)計(jì)就是從舉升機(jī)的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展以及制造工藝改進(jìn)等方面進(jìn)

49、行介紹。</p><p>　　舉升機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的方向選擇</p><p>　　目前我們所見到的絕大多數(shù)的舉升機(jī)大多數(shù)采用固定式安裝。殊不知在移動(dòng)式舉升機(jī)方面我們也有幾項(xiàng)成功的設(shè)計(jì)，如牽引式舉升機(jī)、剪叉式舉升機(jī)等。這類舉升機(jī)的突出性優(yōu)點(diǎn)是靈活性好，可以隨時(shí)開到維修現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行服務(wù)，用起來很方便，這充分利用了它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。由于現(xiàn)在舉升機(jī)多采用固定式，因此我們考慮到對(duì)移動(dòng)式舉升機(jī)的開發(fā)和利用，設(shè)計(jì)了這臺(tái)剪式舉

50、升機(jī)。</p><p>　　直到現(xiàn)在我們對(duì)舉升機(jī)的潛能進(jìn)行了很多方面的開發(fā)利用，但是依然存在開發(fā)不夠廣泛和利用效率不高的缺陷。然而，舉升機(jī)是當(dāng)現(xiàn)很多行業(yè)的必要設(shè)備之一，也是將來很多大型機(jī)械上必不可少的配件之一，因此促進(jìn)我們對(duì)它的結(jié)構(gòu)更好地去研究，去改進(jìn)，從而延長(zhǎng)了設(shè)備的使用壽命和提高設(shè)備的性能。目前為止，我國(guó)的舉升機(jī)制造技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了些質(zhì)的飛越，技術(shù)也是越俞來俞成熟，舉升設(shè)備亦被廣泛的應(yīng)用在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，為我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)

51、和社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了不可替代的貢獻(xiàn)。</p><p><b>　　舉升機(jī)的發(fā)展史</b></p><p>　　舉升機(jī)在世界上已經(jīng)有了70年歷史。1925年在美國(guó)生產(chǎn)的第一臺(tái)汽車舉升機(jī)，它是一種由氣動(dòng)控制的單柱舉升機(jī)，由于當(dāng)時(shí)采用的氣壓較低，因而缸體較大；同時(shí)采用皮革進(jìn)行密封，因而壓縮空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)的彈跳嚴(yán)重且又不穩(wěn)定。直到10年以后，即1935年這種單柱舉升機(jī)才在美國(guó)以外的其

52、它地方開始采用。 </p><p>　　1966年，一家德國(guó)公司生產(chǎn)出第一臺(tái)雙柱舉升機(jī)，這是舉升機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)上的又一突破性進(jìn)展，但是直到1977這種舉升機(jī)才在德國(guó)以外的其它國(guó)家出現(xiàn)。現(xiàn)在雙柱舉升機(jī)在市場(chǎng)上以占據(jù)牢固的地位，其銷量還在持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。它和四柱舉升機(jī)相比，既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)，也有缺點(diǎn)，以下將作一簡(jiǎn)要說明。 </p><p>　　我們所見到的絕大多數(shù)舉升機(jī)均采用固定安裝方式。在舉升前汽車必須駛上舉

53、升機(jī)。在移動(dòng)式舉升機(jī)方面也有幾項(xiàng)成功設(shè)計(jì)，如剪式舉升機(jī)、菱架式舉升機(jī)等。但這類舉升機(jī)仍存在兩個(gè)主要問題，接近汽車下部較難；在車間移動(dòng)舉升機(jī)時(shí)難逾越地面上的障礙物。當(dāng)然，可移動(dòng)性是這類舉升機(jī)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在固定安裝的單柱、雙柱、四柱舉升機(jī)已在維修現(xiàn)場(chǎng)廣泛采用，而移動(dòng)式舉升機(jī)卻相對(duì)要少得多。</p><p><b>　　舉升機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)要求</b></p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)之前

54、先確定設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品的基本情況，再根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求制定基本方案。以下列出了本設(shè)計(jì)——剪式液壓升降臺(tái)的一些基本要求： </p><p>　　1) 主機(jī)的概況：主要用于維修人員對(duì)車間的吊車的維修和保養(yǎng);</p><p>　　2) 主要完成起升與下降重物的動(dòng)作，速度較緩，液壓沖擊??；</p><p>　　3) 最大載荷量定為0.3噸，采用雙液壓缸控制聯(lián)接組合叉桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行升降。最大起

55、升高度15米； </p><p>　　4) 運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)性和安全性需要較好； </p><p>　　5) 人工控制操作，按鈕啟動(dòng)控制升降； </p><p>　　6) 工作環(huán)境要求：不宜在多沙石地面、木板磚板地面等非牢固地面進(jìn)行操作，不宜在有坡度或有坑洼的地面進(jìn)行操作，不宜在過度寒冷的室外進(jìn)行操作； </p><p>　　7) 性能可靠，成本

56、低廉，便于移動(dòng)，無其他附屬功能及特殊功能； </p><p><b>　　舉升機(jī)安全保障措施</b></p><p>　　使用維護(hù)方面的安全保證措施涉及的范圍很廣，其中舉升機(jī)有使用前的準(zhǔn)備工作，例如支撐臂的展開，安全門的關(guān)閉，還有安全帶的配系。盡管舉升機(jī)的發(fā)展已有70年的歷史，但其設(shè)計(jì)原理并無多大改變;如果忽視安全要求，超載使用，仍然會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的事故，甚至發(fā)生傷亡事故

57、。因此安全問題一定要引起使用單位和操作人員的高度重視。這里僅就使用維護(hù)舉升機(jī)時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行說明。 </p><p>　?。?）舉升機(jī)升降平臺(tái)升降作業(yè)時(shí)，工作臺(tái)面應(yīng)保證水平及支桿叉架組縱向保持垂直狀態(tài)。</p><p>　?。?）室外作業(yè)時(shí)，風(fēng)力超過5級(jí)時(shí)嚴(yán)禁使用；平臺(tái)在升降過程中，嚴(yán)禁一切人員攀爬。 </p><p>　?。?）支腿未撐牢，禁止升、降作業(yè)；

58、平臺(tái)在升起后，回落到原始高度之前，禁止移動(dòng)。 </p><p>　?。?）平臺(tái)使用過程中嚴(yán)禁超高，超負(fù)荷運(yùn)行；平臺(tái)載物升降過程中，貨物不得移動(dòng)；平臺(tái)載人升、降過程中，不得走動(dòng)、晃動(dòng)。</p><p>　　（5）液壓油應(yīng)保持清潔，不得混入水和其它雜質(zhì)。</p><p>　　（6）當(dāng)平臺(tái)出現(xiàn)故障無法正常工作時(shí)，應(yīng)及時(shí)切斷動(dòng)力源。</p><p&

59、gt;　　（7）設(shè)備需要維修時(shí)，應(yīng)將平臺(tái)升起頂牢后方可運(yùn)行。</p><p><b>　　液壓系統(tǒng)具有的特點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　1) 為防止臺(tái)板載荷重物下移, 系統(tǒng)采用密封性良好的液控單向閥自鎖；</p><p>　　2) 為使重物能平穩(wěn)下降,采用單向調(diào)速閥調(diào)速, 噪聲更??； </p><p>　　3) 系統(tǒng)不

60、動(dòng)作時(shí), 直接卸載, 節(jié)約能耗； </p><p>　　4) 為使升降臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊, 采用便于安裝和維護(hù)的疊加元件，液壓系統(tǒng)元件統(tǒng)一布置在液壓站內(nèi)； </p><p>　　5) 為防止臺(tái)板在工作中意外安全事故的發(fā)生, 系統(tǒng)采用了管道破裂保護(hù)閥安裝在缸下腔進(jìn)油口接頭上, 一旦管路或其他部分發(fā)生管道突然爆破、接頭松動(dòng)、泄壓或臺(tái)板出現(xiàn)異常失控超速下墜時(shí), 它能根據(jù)壓差自動(dòng)切斷油路, 防止發(fā)生

61、墜落事故, 保護(hù)設(shè)備和人身安全； </p><p>　　6) 另外, 在電氣控制上, 在升降平臺(tái)下緣設(shè)置限位開關(guān),臺(tái)板上升時(shí), 一旦升至所限定的最大高度, 限位開關(guān)發(fā)出電信號(hào), 強(qiáng)制系統(tǒng)卸載以確保臺(tái)板上升到合適的高度。</p><p><b>　　液壓源的選擇</b></p><p>　　液壓系統(tǒng)的工作介質(zhì)完全由液壓源提供，液壓源的核心是液壓

62、泵。在無其他輔助油源的情況下，液壓泵的供油量要大于系統(tǒng)的需油量，多余的油經(jīng)過溢流閥回油箱，溢流閥同時(shí)起到開展并穩(wěn)定油源壓力的作用。容積調(diào)速系統(tǒng)多數(shù)是用變量泵供油，用安全閥限定系統(tǒng)的最高壓力。為節(jié)省能源并提高效率，液壓泵的供油量要盡量與系統(tǒng)所需流量相匹配。對(duì)在工作循環(huán)各階段中系統(tǒng)所需油量相差較大的情況下，則采用多泵供油或變量泵供油。對(duì)于本設(shè)計(jì)，由于工作周期短，循環(huán)次數(shù)少，供油量可以適當(dāng)減少以節(jié)省能源，采用單泵供油即可，不需蓄能器儲(chǔ)存能量。

63、對(duì)于油液的凈化：油液的凈化裝置在液壓源中是必不可少的。一般泵的入口要裝有粗濾油器，進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的油液根據(jù)被保護(hù)元件的要求，通過相應(yīng)的精濾油器再次過濾。為防止系統(tǒng)中雜質(zhì)流回油箱，可在回油路上設(shè)置磁過濾或其他形式的濾油器。根據(jù)液壓設(shè)備所處環(huán)境及對(duì)溫升的要求，還要考慮加熱、冷卻等措施。</p><p><b>　　舉升機(jī)的臺(tái)板</b></p><p>　　臺(tái)板位于升降臺(tái)的最上部

64、，是支撐件的組成部分。然而為了安全我們?cè)谂_(tái)板上安裝了安全護(hù)欄，確保使用人員處于一個(gè)相對(duì)安全感的環(huán)境中。這里的臺(tái)板并不是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的鋼板，而是在下面有滑道，因?yàn)樯蹬_(tái)叉桿臂上有滑輪，滑道的作用就是使滑輪在滑道內(nèi)來回滑動(dòng)，使升降臺(tái)完成舉升和回落動(dòng)作。下底板也如此。根據(jù)舉升重量和升降高度這些參數(shù)，確定臺(tái)板的長(zhǎng)度為2800mm，寬度1500mm，材料采用3個(gè)厚的花紋板。叉桿是升降臺(tái)最主要的舉升部件，是主要的受力機(jī)構(gòu)。對(duì)其設(shè)計(jì)的成功與否關(guān)系到整個(gè)設(shè)

65、計(jì)工作的成敗，選材45號(hào)鋼，160*80的無縫方管。</p><p><b>　　舉升機(jī)的三種結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　直立固定剪叉式結(jié)構(gòu)，液壓缸的行程等于平臺(tái)的升降行程，整體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸龐大，且球鉸鏈加工負(fù)載，在實(shí)際種應(yīng)用較少。 </p><p>　　水平固定剪叉式機(jī)構(gòu)，通過分析計(jì)算可知，平臺(tái)的升降行程大于液壓缸的行程，在應(yīng)用過程中可以