2015醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語學(xué)習(xí)

1、Medical english study,Bazhou people`s hospitalorthopedic and trauma departmentwangyanchao resident doctor,Clinical-Medical English,,part1:History collection病史采集Inquiry[?n'kwa?r?]問診Details ['d?telz]一般資料Chie

2、f complaints[k?m'plent]主訴HPC(history of presenting complaint)現(xiàn)病史PMH(past medical history)既往史S/E(systems inquiry)系統(tǒng)回顧FH(family history)家族史SH(social history)社會史P/E(physical examination)體格檢查A/E (assistant examin

3、ation)輔助檢查Summary 摘要,Details (Biographical[ba??'græf?k(?)l] data),Name姓名Age年齡Sex性別Marital['mær?t(?)l] status婚否Nativity[n?'t?v?t?]籍貫Race民族Occupation職業(yè)Date of admission入院日期Informant [?n'

4、f??m?nt]病史敘述者History病史,Chief complaints(presenting complaint[k?m'plent]),主訴的表示方法：癥狀+時間（Symptom+Time）·癥狀+for+時間如： [Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小時·癥狀+of+時間如： [Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration

5、] 惡心嘔吐3天·癥狀+時間+in duration如： [Headache 1 month in duration] 頭痛1月·時間+of+癥狀如： [Two-day history of fever] 發(fā)熱2天4-hour traffic accident injury to the left leg pain associated with activities obstacles.associa

6、ted with 與…有關(guān)系；與…相聯(lián)系obstacles n. 障礙；障礙物（obstacle的復(fù)數(shù)形式）；阻礙injury to 損傷，傷害（某個部位）ex1：從昨晚飯后，病人一直感覺寒戰(zhàn)。Patient has had chills after dinner since last evening.可簡寫為Chills since last evening.ex2：主訴：胃腫脹已4個月。C.C.：“Swelling

7、of the stomach“ for 4 months.ex3：2,3個月來，一做工就感覺呼吸困難和眩暈。For 2 or 3 months, dyspnea and dizziness on work.,HPC(history of presenting complaint[k?m'plent]),現(xiàn)病史書寫的重點(diǎn)包括：一、主訴中癥狀的詳細(xì)描述；二、疾病的發(fā)展過程；三、診療經(jīng)過；四、目前的一般情況Onset

8、 起病特征，發(fā)病情況Duration：n. 持續(xù) (persistent since onset 發(fā)病起持續(xù)至今)Severe [s?'v?r] 嚴(yán)重性Relieving[r?'liv]/exacerbating factors 緩解與惡化的因素Associated symptoms['s?mpt?m] 伴隨癥狀Resk factors 危險因素{起病情況，主要癥狀的特點(diǎn)，病情的發(fā)展與演變，伴

9、隨癥狀（記載與鑒別診斷有關(guān)的陰性癥狀），診療經(jīng)過，一般情況},HPC,Chief complaint: Right breast mass found for more than half a month.Present illness: Half a month ago, the patient suddenly felt pain in her right chest when she put up her hand. Aft

10、er touching it, she found a mass(n. 塊，團(tuán)) in her right breast, but no tendness壓痛, and the patient didn’t pay attention it. Then the pain became more and more serious, so the patient went to tumour hospital and received a

11、pathology[p?'θ?l?d??]n. 病理學(xué) centesis ['sen:ti:sis]n. [臨床] 穿刺術(shù). Her diagnosis was breast cancer. Then she came to our hospital and asked for an operation. Since onset(起病特征，發(fā)病情況), her appetite was good, and

12、 both her spiritedness ['sp?r?t?dn?s]有精神and physical energy（體力） are normal. Defecation大便 and urination小便 are normal, too.,Trauma ['tr??m?] and shock創(chuàng)傷性休克,A teenage boy fails from his bicycle and is run over by a

13、 truck.On arrival in the emergency room(ER),he is awake and alert and appears frightened but in no distress.The chest radiograph suggests an air-fluid level in the left lower lung field and the nasogastric tube seems to

14、coil upward into the left chest. Which of the following is the next best step in the management?a.Placement of a left chest tube b.Thoracotomy 開胸手術(shù)c.Laparotomy 剖腹探查手術(shù)d.Esophagogastroscopy 食管鏡檢查e.Diagnostic peritonea

15、l lavage 診斷性腹腔灌洗,專業(yè)詞匯翻譯,teenage ['tined?] adj. 青少年的;十幾歲的 n. 青少年時期run over v. 輾過；匆匆看；復(fù)查emergency room急診室alert [?'l??t]n. 警惕.adj. 警惕的,警覺的appears to be frightened 顯的有點(diǎn)害怕in no distress 沒有痛苦面容chest radiograph 胸片

16、air-fluid level 氣液平面left lower lung field 左下肺野nasogastric tube 鼻胃管；胃管coil [k??l] vt. 盤繞，把…卷成圈 ;n. 線圈；卷; vi. 成圈狀management ['mæn?d?m(?)nt] n. 管理,操縱,治療Placement ['ple?sm?nt] n. 安置，放置chest tube 胸管,胸

17、腔引流管,,專業(yè)詞匯翻譯,CT scanning (computed tomography [t?'m?gr?f?]) 計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描MRI scanning (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) 核磁共振成像diaphragmatic [,dai?fræɡ'mætik]膈肌in the absence of 缺乏，排除hemorrhage['hem?r?d

18、?]vt.n.vi [病理] 出血 significant hemorrhage 顯著的出血traumatic [tr??'mæt?k] adj. 外傷的；創(chuàng)傷的Traumatic fracture 創(chuàng)傷性骨折;創(chuàng)傷骨科;外傷性骨折;創(chuàng)傷骨折rupture ['r?pt??] n. 破裂；vi. 破裂；vt. 使破裂；斷絕；發(fā)生疝acute traumatic rupture 急性創(chuàng)傷性破裂a(bǔ)

19、djuncts ['æd???kts]n.附屬物,輔助手段accomplish [?'k?mpl??] vt. 完成;實(shí)現(xiàn);達(dá)到;代償Thoracotomy [,θ??r?'k?t?m?] n. [外科] 胸廓切開術(shù)Laparotomy [,læp?'r?t?m?] n. 剖腹手術(shù)Esophagogastroscopy 食管胃鏡檢查 esophago 食管gast

20、roscopy [gæs'trɑsk?pi] n. 胃鏡檢查 [ 復(fù)數(shù) gastroscopies ],part2:Regional Anatomy--局解,,Bones of free lower limp--自由下肢骨,,lower extremities--自由下肢骨,illium ['?l??m] n. [解剖] 髂骨pubis ['pjub?s] n. 恥骨；前胸側(cè)部ischium [

21、'?sk??m] n. [解剖] 坐骨coxae ['k?ksi:] --ae['?] n. 髖骨;髖關(guān)節(jié);基節(jié)(coxa的復(fù)數(shù)) os coxae [短語]髖骨 ; 無名骨 pelvic girdle 下肢帶骨

22、 pelvic ['pelv?k] adj. 骨盆的femur ['fi?m?] n. [解剖] 股骨；大腿骨patella [p?'tel?] n. [解剖] 膝蓋骨fibula ['f?bj?l?] n. [解剖] 腓骨tibia ['t?b??] n. 脛骨phalanges [fæ'lænd?i?z] n. 趾骨；指骨（p

23、halanx的復(fù)數(shù)）metatarsals [,met?'tɑ?s(?)l] n. 跖骨;adj. 跖骨的tarsals['tɑ?s(?)l] n. 跗骨 ;adj. 跗骨的；眼瞼軟骨的limb [l?m] n. 肢，臂；分支；枝干 vt. 切斷…的手足；從…上截下樹枝anatomy [?'næt?m?] n. 解剖；解剖學(xué)；剖析；骨骼,Lower Limb [l?m]--下肢,Boundar

24、ies and Divisions (境界與分區(qū))The lower limb is connected to the trunk by the extremity girdle.It is separated anteriorly and posteriorly from the abdome and vertebral region by a line connecting the inguinal,iliac crest, po

25、sterior superior iliac spine and the tip of the coccyx. It connects with perineum medially.下肢借肢帶與軀干相連。下肢以腹股溝、髂嵴、髂后上棘至尾骨尖的連線與腹部、脊柱區(qū)分界，其內(nèi)側(cè)與會陰相連。trunk [tr??k] n. 樹干；軀干 medially ['mi:di?li] 內(nèi)側(cè)extremity gir

26、dle 肢帶 extremity [?k'strem?t?; ] n. 極端;手足 girdle ['g?dl] n. 腰帶anteriorly [æn'tiri:?li] adv. 前方地posteriorly [p?s'tiri?li] adv. 后側(cè)地abdome n. 腹部； dome [d??m] n. 圓屋頂vertebral ['v?,t?br

27、?l] adj. 脊椎的；椎骨的；inguinal ['??gw?n(?)l] adj. 腹股溝的iliac ['?l?'æk] 髂骨; crest ['krest] 波峰;冠;山頂; iliac crest 髂嵴posterior superior iliac spine 髂后上棘 spine [spa?n] n. 脊柱，脊椎；刺；書脊,Lower Limb

28、,The lower limb[l?m] is divided into regions of gluteal['glu?t??l](hip),thigh[θa?],knee[ni?],leg,ankle ['æ?k(?)l] and the foot,which can be further divided into several subregions['s?bri?d?(?)n].下肢可分為臀部

29、、股部、膝部、小腿部、踝部及足部等。各部又可分為若干區(qū)。gluteal['glu?t??l](hip) adj. 臀肌的；近臀肌的thigh[θa?] n. 大腿，股knee[ni?] 膝部ankle ['æ?k(?)l] 踝部several subregions['s?bri?d?(?)n] 若干區(qū),專業(yè)名詞詞組學(xué)習(xí),分離：distraction [d?'stræk?

30、(?)n] n. 注意力分散；消遣；心煩意亂separation [sep?'re??(?)n]n. 分離，分開；間隔，距離,diastasis[da?'æst?s?s] 分離( Syndesmosis[,s?nd?s'mos?s] n. [解剖] 韌帶聯(lián)合diastasis 脛腓下聯(lián)合分離)-lysis 后綴Ex: symphyseolysis 恥骨聯(lián)合分離 ar

31、throdiastasis (arthro- 關(guān)節(jié)) 關(guān)節(jié)分離 fracture of medial malleolus with diastasis of inferior tibiofibular joint 內(nèi)踝骨折伴下脛腓聯(lián)合分離 inferior[?n'f??r??] adj. 差的；自卑的；下級的，下等的；n. 下級；次品 tibiofibular joint [,tibi?u'f

32、ibjul?] adj. 脛腓的medial malleolus [mæ'li??l?s] n. [解剖] 踝,專業(yè)名詞詞組學(xué)習(xí),PLATE-接骨板條目One-third tubular ['tubj?l?] adj. 管狀的plate 1/3 管狀鋼板A·O·titanium[ta?'te?n??m] n. [化學(xué)] 鈦 plate AO微型鈦金屬板stan

33、dard conventional plate 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普通鋼板conventional[k?n'ven?(?)n(?)l]adj. 傳統(tǒng)的；常見的 dynamic[da?'næm?k]adj. 動態(tài)的；動力的 compression[k?m'pre?(?)n] n. 壓縮，濃縮；壓榨 dynamic compression plate動力性加壓鋼板proximal['prɑks?

34、m?l]adj. 最接近的，鄰近的 humeral['hj?m?r?l] adj. 肱骨的；肩的；肱部的 locking proximal humeral plate肱骨近端鎖定接骨板curved[k??vd]adj. 彎曲的；弄彎的 reconstructive[,rik?n'str?kt?v]adj. 重建的；改造的 curved reconstructive plate弧形重建接骨板anatomic [

35、,æn?'tɑm?k] adj. 組織的；解剖學(xué)上的；結(jié)構(gòu)上的anatomic plate 解剖型接骨板,專業(yè)名詞詞組學(xué)習(xí),invasive [?n'ves?v]adj. 侵略性的；攻擊性的 percutaneous [,p?kju'ten??s]adj. 經(jīng)皮的；經(jīng)由皮膚的minimally invasive percutaneous plate經(jīng)皮微創(chuàng)接骨板Mippbridging['

36、;br?d???]n. 橋接；v. 架橋(bridge的ing形式) bridging plate橋接接骨板 limited contact dynamic compression plate 有限接觸動力加壓接骨板IC-DCPclavicular[klæ'v?kj?l?] adj. 鎖骨的hook[h?k]n. 掛鉤，吊鉤vt. 鉤??；引上鉤vi. 鉤??；彎成鉤狀 clavicular hook plat

37、e鎖骨鉤接骨板tension['ten?(?)n] n. 張力，拉力band[bænd]n. 帶，環(huán) plate tension band plate張力帶接骨板cable ['ke?b(?)l] n. 纜繩;電纜;鋼纜wire[wa??] 鋼絲tendsion band wiring['wa??r??]張力帶鋼絲,Anatomic pattern of four-column of tib

38、ia plafond,The Four-column classification is summarized as follows: (I) Anterior column fractures: fractures in the anterior part of the intermalleolus line requiring fixation of anterior fracture fragments; (II) Po

39、sterior column fractures: fractures in the posterior part of intermalleolus line requiring fixation of the posterior fracture fragments;(III) Medial column fractures: fractures in the medial part of distal tibia plafo

40、nd and the medial malleolus with the fracture line extending to tibial shaft requiring fixation of medial fracture fragments; (IV) Lateral column fractures: fractures in the lateral part of distal tibia plafond with

41、 or without fibular injury requiring fixation of lateral part of tibia plafond, fibula, and distal tibiofibular syndesmosis,Anatomic pattern of four-column of tibia plafond,Anatomic pattern :['pæt(?)n] 模型 n. 模式;

42、圖案;樣品.vt. 模仿,以圖案裝飾.vi. 形成圖案four-column :['k?l?m]【解剖學(xué)】脊骨,脊柱.【建筑學(xué)】柱,支柱;圓柱tibia plafond :[pl?'f?n] 【解剖學(xué)】平臺,穹窿部 plateau ['plæt??] 平臺;tibia plateausummarized v.總結(jié),概括;概述(summarize的過去式及過去分詞形式)Anterior col

43、umn fractures [æn't??r??] adj. 前面的；先前的intermalleolus line malleolus[mæ'li??l?s] n. [解剖] 踝 inter- 內(nèi)anterior fracture fragments [æn't??r??] adj. 前面的;先前的.fragment:['frægm(?)nt] n. 碎

44、片；片斷或不完整部分Posterior column fractures [p?'st??r??]adj. 其次的;較后的n. 后部;臀部Medial column fractures ['mi?d??l] adj.【解剖學(xué)】 內(nèi)側(cè)的;近中的;中層的Lateral column fractures ['læt(?)r(?)l] adj. 側(cè)面的,橫向的distal tibia plafond

45、 ['d?st(?)l] adj. [解剖] 末梢的,末端的medial malleolus 內(nèi)踝distal tibiofibular syndesmosis 下脛腓聯(lián)合syndesmosis:[,s?nd?s'mos?s] n. [解剖] 韌帶聯(lián)合tibiofibular['tibi?u'fibjul?] adj. 脛腓的,Surgical approaches on the basis

46、 of four-columnclassification,Tibialis anterior[?]脛骨肌.脛骨的.脛前肌deep peroneal N 腓深神經(jīng)peroneal[,per?'ni??l]adj. 腓骨的；腓側(cè)的Extensor hallucis拇趾 longus長[?k'stens?]n. 伸?。?---拇長伸肌Superficial peroneal N 腓淺神經(jīng)[,su?p?'

47、;f??(?)l] 淺表性Anterior tibial V 脛前動靜脈Tendon of the extensor 伸肌腱extensor [?k'stens?] n. 伸肌Tendon['tend?n] n. [解剖] 腱Digitorum[i] longus趾長伸肌Tendon of peroneus longus腓骨長肌腱,Great saphenous [s?'fin?s]veinsad

48、j. 隱的；隱靜脈的。n. 隱靜脈---大隱靜脈Tendon of the tibialis posterior ---脛后肌腱Flexor['fleks?] digitorum longusn. [解剖] 屈肌 --趾長屈肌Posterior tibial V --脛后動靜脈

49、Achilles's tendon [k] [i] --跟腱,踝關(guān)節(jié)CT平掃及矢狀位、冠狀位重建，各柱骨折在CT片上的表現(xiàn)分別為：腓骨骨折為外側(cè)柱骨折；前外側(cè)的Tillaux-Chaput骨塊、后唇的Volkmann三角骨塊及位于中央的壓縮骨塊(die-punch)為中柱骨折(僅有前外側(cè)骨折的為中前柱骨折，僅有后唇骨折的為中后柱骨折)；內(nèi)踝骨折塊與脛骨近端明顯失去連續(xù)性的為內(nèi)柱骨折,Three-column c

50、lassification of Pilon fracture,Tillaux-Chaput fragment:(替勞克斯-卡布特)(Tillaux骨折：即下脛腓前韌帶在脛骨的起點(diǎn)處發(fā)生的撕脫骨折。Tillaux-Chaput骨折：同樣損傷機(jī)制導(dǎo)致的脛骨后外側(cè)的撕脫骨折。此名來自于兩位法國外科醫(yī)生HenriVictorChaput（1857-1919）和 PaulJulesTillaux（1834-1904）) Volkman

51、n三角骨塊：（?？寺〩ueter-Volkmann定律即骨骺壓力法則：骨骺所受壓力增加，骨的生長就會受到抑制；骨骺所受壓力減小，骨的生長就會加速。過度施壓可抑制骺板生長，跨骺板牽張力可加速其生長。die-punch fragment:沖床樣骨折塊(中央的壓縮骨塊 ),Pilon fracture,Since Pilon fractures are intra-articular fractures, open reduction

52、and internal fixation with bone graft can help to achieve anatomical reduction and reduce incidence of traumatic arthritis. Staged procedure of external fixation, calcaneal traction and second stage open reduction and in

53、ternal fixation are considered to be a reasonable therapy. Other alternatives are also effective. An external fixator combined with limited invasive internal fixation is suitable for fractures with large fragments. This

54、method can also protect local soft tissues from being injured further. But in fractures with comminuted articular surface, this method may be less effective.,intra-articular fractures [ɑr't?kj?l?] adj. [解剖] 關(guān)節(jié)的

55、 ----關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)骨折open reduction and internal fixation [r?'d?k?(?)n] 復(fù)位 ORIF ----切開復(fù)位內(nèi)固定bone graft[grɑ?ft] ----植骨anatomical reduction -----解剖復(fù)位 traumatic arthritis [tr??'

56、mæt?k] adj.創(chuàng)傷的;arthritis [ɑ?'θra?t?s]關(guān)節(jié)炎-----創(chuàng)傷性關(guān)節(jié)炎calcaneal traction [kæl'ke?n??] n. 跟骨------traction['træk?(?)n] n. 牽引-----跟骨牽引alternatives n.可供選擇的事物 external fixator [?k'st??n(?)l;

57、ek-] 外固定 fixator['fikseit?]固定器 ----外固定裝置combined with-------聯(lián)合limited invasive internal fixation --有限接觸內(nèi)固定 large fragments ----大的骨折塊 comminuted ar

58、ticular surface comminuted['kɑm?,nj?t] adj. 粉碎的 ---粉碎的關(guān)節(jié)面,orthopaedics: ['?rθ?'pid?ks] n. [醫(yī)]整形外科,整形術(shù); orthopedics : n. 矯形術(shù)Multifragmentary ------多塊骨折塊 Multi- ['m?lt?] 多-lag screws -------

59、拉力螺釘 lag [læg]拉 screws[skru:]螺釘external fixation --------外固定 practical ----有用的；實(shí)用的feasible ['fi?z?b(?)l]adj. 可行的wound healing deficit['def?s?t]--------------切口愈合障礙severe s

60、oft tissue damage ------嚴(yán)重的軟組織損傷,Multifragmentary Tibial Pilon Fractures: Midterm Results AfterOsteosynthesis with External Fixation and Multiple Lag Screws,We therefore propose combined treatment using lag scr

61、ews with external fixation as a practical treatment option for those fractures for which lag screws combined with a locking plate are not feasible or when there is a high risk of wound healing deficit due to severe soft

62、tissue damage. The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 2012, 6, 419-423,Management and outcome of pelvic fractures in elderly patients:a retrospective study of 40 cases（回顧性研究）,Keyword

63、s: pelvic fractures; elderly patients; management; outcomeBackground Pelvic fractures are uncommon in elderly patients and so are infrequently [in'fri:kw?ntli](稀少的) addressed檢索，解決，定位 [?'dresd] in the literature.

64、 The purpose of this study was to investigate the management and outcome of pelvic fractures in elderly patients.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of pelvic fractures in elderly patients (age ≥55 years) wh

65、o were treated (v. 治療（treat的過去分詞）；對待；招待adj. 治療的；已處理過的) in our department from September 1997 to May 2010.,,Results A total of 40 elderly patients with pelvic fractures were identified. Their mean age was 65.8 years (rang

66、e 55–87years).About 68% (n=27) were men. The average Injury Severity Score-創(chuàng)傷嚴(yán)重度評分 (ISS) was 17.8 (range 6–45). Twelve (30%)patients required blood transfusion 輸血(mean 10 units) during the first 24 hours. The fractures w

67、ere most frequently經(jīng)常，常見 due to falling from a standing position站的姿勢 (48%). Almost half (48%) were grade I breaks. Associated injuries were present in 70%(n=28) of patients, and 65% (n=26) had medical co-morbidities醫(yī)療共病.

68、 Altogether, 29 patients (73%) underwent non-surgical management of their pelvic fracture. The average hospital stay was 25 days（平均住院日）. There were five in-hospital deaths and one death 10 months after discharge獲準(zhǔn)出院. Hig

69、h ISSs (>25) were associated with increased in-hospital mortality [m??'tæl?t?]死亡數(shù)，死亡率 (P=0.018). At the final assessment (mean follow-up 15 months), 52% of the surviving patients 存活組had experienced decreased減

70、少的 self-sufficiency 自給自足；自負(fù).,,Conclusions Pelvic fractures in elderly patients result in high morbidity[m??'b?d?t?] and mortality（發(fā)病率和死亡率） rates. A high ISS (>25) can be used to identify a patient at high risk. We

71、 recommend(vi. 推薦；建議) aggressive [?'gres?v]resuscitation [r?,s?s?'te???n] n. 復(fù)蘇 (積極的液體復(fù)蘇)and intensive care 重癥護(hù)理for that patient. For patients with an unstable pelvic or displaced acetabular fracture-移位型髖臼骨折 (≥2

72、mm) who can endure（vt. 耐受） surgery, open reduction and internal fixation can provide adequate-（適當(dāng)，堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的） fixation for early weight-bearing（負(fù)重） and restoration [rest?'re??(?)n] n. 恢復(fù)of the bone stock.