外商直接投資和技術(shù)溢出泰國制造業(yè)的一個(gè)跨行業(yè)分析【外文翻譯】

1、畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯一、外文原文FeigndirectinvestmentTechnologySpillover:ACrossindustryAnalysisofThaiManufacturingImptanceoftheissueFeigndirectinvestment(FDI)hasbeenwidelyrecognizedasagrowthenhancingfactininvestmentreceiving(host)coun

2、tries.FDInotonlybringsincapitalbutalsointroducesadvancedtechnologythatcanenhancethetechnologicalcapabilityofthehostcountryfirmstherebygeneratinglongtermsustainableeconomicgrowth.Meimptantlythetechnologicalbenefitisnotlim

3、itedtolocallyaffiliatedfirmsbutcanalsospreadtononaffiliatedones.Thelatterbenefitisusuallyreferredtoastechnologyspillover.Theexpectationofgainingfromtechnologyspilloverpersuadesmanydevelopingcountriestooffervariousincenti

4、vesindertoattractFDI.Howevertheresultsofempiricalresearchtotestthevalidityoftechnologyspilloverarefarfromconclusive.PositivetechnologyspilloverfromFDIhasonlybeenfoundinsomecountries.1Overallthefindingsseemtosuggesttechno

5、logyspilloverisnotautomaticbutdependsonbothcountryspecificfactspolicyenvironment.FeignPresenceinThaiManufacturingThirdlyfeignplantsarelikelytobelocatedinahighlyprotectedindustry.TheaverageERP2ofindustrieswhoseoutputshare

6、soffeignplantsaregreaterthan50%is15.3%.Theexceptionintheseindustrieswouldbeelectricalmachinerywhichispresumablydominatedbylabintensiveassembledelectronicselectricalappliances.Ontheotherhregardingtheindustrieswheretheshar

7、eoffeignplantsislessthan50%averageERPtendstobelowerataround10.8%.Inadditiontheoutputshareoffeignplantsislikelytobeassociatedwiththedegreeofmarketrenewedemphasisasanessentialpartoftheoveralleconomicrefmsaimedatstrengtheni

8、ngefficiencycompetitivenessoverthepasttwoyears.TheThaigovernmentintroducedanothereffttolowertariffratescommencinginJune2003(implementedinOctober2003)followedbyafouryearperiodoftariffreductionfrom2004to2008.Therearearound

9、900itemsinvolvedinthesecondroundoftariffreductionscoveringawiderangeofmanufacturingproducts.Thetariffreductioninthisroundismainlyonintermediateproductstherebymaintainingtheescalatingtariffstructure.Themagnitudeoftariffre

10、ductionismoderatewithintherangeof0to8.9%(Athukalaetal.2004).Asaresultaveragetariffsdeclinedmarkedlyfrom30.2%in1990to21.3%in1995furtherto11%in2005.ThedispersionofERPalsonarrowedovertheperiodsacrossindustries.In2003theERPr

11、angereducedto27.1to142%(Athukalaetal.2004).4ThechangesinthetariffstructurewouldhavesignificantlyimprovedtheincentivetoattractFDItoindustrieswhereThailhasacomparativeadvantageininternationalproduction.AnalyticalFramewkTec

12、hnologyspilloverfromFDIissaidtotakeplacewhenthepresenceofafeignfirmgeneratesproductivityefficiencybenefitsfthehostcountry’slocalnonaffiliatedfirms(BlomstrmBrecherBrecher&Findlay(1983).Akeyhypothesisarisingfromthisliterat

13、ureisthattechnologyspillovertendstobesmallerpossiblyevennegativeunderarestrictiveimptsubstitution(IS)regimecomparedwithaliberalizingexptpromotion(EP)regime.Toillustratehowtechnologyspillovertakesplaceaswellashowthetradep