對全球價值鏈的投入如何影響產業(yè)集群的升級【外文翻譯】

1、本科本科畢業(yè)論畢業(yè)論文外文翻文外文翻譯外文外文題目：目：HowDoesionInGlobalValueChinsAffectUpgradingInIndustrialClusters出處：InstituteofDevelopmentStudiesUniversityofSussexBrightonBN19REUK.作者：者：JohnHumphreyHubertSchmitz原文：文：Howdoesioninglobalvaluechai

2、nsaffectupgradinginindustrialclustersWhatisthescopeflocalupgradingstrategieswhereproducersoperateinglobalvaluechainsTheliteratureonindustrialclustersemphasisestheroleofinterfirmcooperationlocalinstitutionsinenablingupgra

3、ding.Thevaluechainliteraturefocusesontheroleofglobalbuyerschaingovernanceindefiningupgradingopptunities.Thispaperarguesthatclustersareedintoglobalvaluechainsindifferentwaysthatthishasconsequencesfenablingdisablinglocalle

4、velupgradingeffts.Itpaysparticularattentiontothepositionofdevelopingcountryfirmssellingtolargeglobalbuyers.Keywds:clustersvaluechainscompetitivenessupgradingdevelopingcountries1IntroductionFirmsindevelopingcountriesincom

5、monwithfirmseverywhereareunderpressuretoimprovetheirperfmanceincreasetheircompetitiveness.Newlowcostproducersareenteringglobalmarketsintensifyingcompetitioninmarketsflabourintensivemanufactures.Howcanfirmsindevelopingcou

6、ntriesrespondtothistypeofchallengewhileatthesametimemaintainingreturnstobothlabourcapitalfromengagingintradeTheliteratureoncompetitivenesssuggeststhatthemostviableresponseisto‘upgrade’tomakebetterproductsmakethemmeeffici

7、entlymoveintomeskilledactivities(PTER1990KAPLINSKY2000).Severalschoolsofthoughthaveemphasisedthelocaldeterminantsofcompetitivenessincludingthe‘neweconomicgeography’businessstudiesexplainingwhyitiscommoninsourcingfromdeve

8、lopingcountrieshowitaffectstheupgradingoflocalfirms.Wecametothisquestionthroughourresearchonclustersindevelopingcountrieswhereproducersfoundthemselvesinasymmetricalrelationshipswiththeircustomers.Theseproducerswerefacing

9、powerfulglobalbuyerswhohadamajinfluencenotjustonsalesbutalsoonthetypeofupgradingstrategiesopentothem.Sincethenwefoundthatthisissueisnotconfinedtodevelopingcountryclusters.Rabellotti(2001)findsasimilarproblemfacingshoepro

10、ducersinItaly.WhyisthereaproblemWhyisitimptanttoaskhowionintoglobalvaluechainsaffectsupgradingintheclusterBoththeclusterliteraturetheglobalvaluechainresearchemphasisethatinteractioniscentraltoupgradingbutonegivesprimeimp

11、tancetotheinteractionwithlocalfirmsinstitutionstheotheraccdsprimeimptancetotheinteractionwiththeglobalbuyers.Ifthiswasjustamatterofdifferentemphasesitwouldbeeasytobringtogetherthetwoapproachessimplyregardthemascomplement

12、ary.Howeverthefusionisfarfromstraightfwardbecausetheinteractionwiththeglobalbuyertendstotakeplaceinthecontextofaveryunevenrelationship.Thisinequalitytransfmsrelationshipsupgradingtrajecties.Aswillbeshowninthecourseofthep

13、aperlocalproducerswkingfglobalbuyersenjoyconsiderableadvantagesinsometypesofupgradingbutencounterbarriersinothertypes.Thepaperalsoaskswhetherthesebarriersarepermanentdiscusseshowtheycanbeovercome.Thispaperisdividedintoth

14、reefurthersections.Section2discussesthetreatmentofupgradingintheclustervaluechainliteratures.Section3distinguishesbetweendifferentfmsofgovernanceinglobalvaluechainsanalyseswhytheyarise.Section4considershowthedifferenttyp

15、esofglobalvaluechainsaffecttheupgradinginindustrialclusterspayingparticularlyattentiontohowrelationshipsupgradingprospectschangeovertime.2UpgradinginclustersvaluechainsWiththedeepeningintegrationofdevelopingcountriesinto