交通運(yùn)輸與物流專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(unite 7)中英文

1、UnitSevenIntroductiontoLogisticsTextAThedefinitionoflogisticsTheterm“Logistics”iginatesfromaGreekwd“l(fā)ogos”whichreferstoreasoning.Theterm“l(fā)ogistics”wasfirstusedinamilitarysenseintheearly19thcentury.Thistermthenencompassed

2、transptganizationarmyreplenishmentsmaterialmaintenance.“Logistics”來(lái)源于希臘詞語(yǔ)中的”logos”，指的是合理的意思，最早于19世紀(jì)早期軍事術(shù)語(yǔ)中使用，隨后它的意義得到擴(kuò)充，包含了交通運(yùn)輸組織、軍事補(bǔ)給和物資供應(yīng)。Inthebusinesswldtheconceptof“l(fā)ogistics”wasappliedsolelyto“MaterialReplenishmentP

3、rograms”(MRP)wasconfinedtothemanufacturingsectatthebeginningwhichiscalledthefirstpartylogisticsnowadays.Therefetheextensionoftheconcepttoinvolvecompanyoperationsisarelativelynewone.在商業(yè)世界”logistics”僅指物料補(bǔ)充計(jì)劃，并且最開(kāi)始僅限于制造業(yè)，被稱

4、為第一方物流，所以”logistics”從概念上加以擴(kuò)充由此包含了企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)的意思還是相對(duì)較新的概念。Theintroductionofcontainersthedevelopmentofinfmationtechnologyhavebroughtabouttheimprovementoflogisticsactivities.Containerizationhashelpedacceleratethetransptationproces

5、sinfmationtechnologyhasenabledinfmationtobeacteduponinrealtimethusspeedinguptheflowoftransptationdelivery.集裝箱的引進(jìn)和信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了物流活動(dòng)的改善提高，集裝箱化促進(jìn)了交通運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，信息技術(shù)使得信息能夠?qū)崟r(shí)傳播，加快了交通運(yùn)輸和發(fā)貨的速度。Logisticsstartswiththeprovisionofrawmateria

6、lssemifinishedgoodsfthemanufacturingprocessfinishesupwiththephysicaldistributionaftersalesserviceoftheproducts.物流從原材料的供給開(kāi)始，隨后是半成品的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，最后是（貨物）的配送以及產(chǎn)品的售后服務(wù)等。Economicallythiscreatesanewsourceofprofitacterizedbythedevelopme

7、ntofmassdistributionattentiontoservicequality.Thetwobasisobjectivesinpracticingbusinesslogisticscostreductiontimesavinghaveenabledcompaniestoprofitnotonlyinperfmancequalitybutalsoincustomersatisfaction.從經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)意義上講，（在物流領(lǐng)域）快速

8、發(fā)展集中運(yùn)輸、專注于服務(wù)質(zhì)量已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)收益來(lái)源。實(shí)現(xiàn)商業(yè)化物流的兩個(gè)基本目標(biāo)——減少成本和節(jié)約時(shí)間——不僅使公司從高性能和高質(zhì)量中獲得利潤(rùn)，而且還提高了客戶滿意率。Therearevariousdefinitionsofdifferenteditions.Thetermwasdefinedasfollow:不同書(shū)刊版本對(duì)物流的定義不同，其定義有如下幾種：rawmaterialsintotheproductionprocessr

9、atherthanondeliveringthefinalgoodstotheuser.Alternativelysomeganizationsaremuchmeconcernedwiththeflowoffinishedgoodsfromtheendoftheproductionlinetotheultimatecustomer.Finallysomeganizationsviewlogisticsasembracingbothmat

10、erialsmanagementphysicaldistribution.然而，物流對(duì)于不同的組織而言意味著不同的東西。一些組織更關(guān)心產(chǎn)品收益，所以他們?cè)诠芾砩细⒅卦牧狭魅肷a(chǎn)過(guò)程，而非將最終產(chǎn)品送到消費(fèi)者手中。另一種情況是，一些組織更注重最終產(chǎn)品從生產(chǎn)線終點(diǎn)流入最終客戶手里。還有一些組織將物流視為物料管理和實(shí)體配送的結(jié)合。Logisticsinthisregardintegratesmaterialmanagementphysic

11、aldistributiontasksintoasinglesupplychainthatlinksthecustomerwithallaspectsoftheganization.Thiscomprehensiveviewoflogisticssometimesreferredtoassupplychainmanagementcanleadtolowercostsbetterservice.在這一點(diǎn)上，物流把物料管理和實(shí)體配送結(jié)合到同

12、一條供應(yīng)鏈上來(lái)，而供應(yīng)鏈把客戶和該組織的其他所有方面聯(lián)系了起來(lái)。物流從更廣泛的角度看有時(shí)指的是供應(yīng)鏈管理，它能夠降低成本，提供更好的服務(wù)。TextBThewkoflogisticsLogisticsexiststomovepositioninventytoachievedesiredtimeplacepossessionbenefitsatthelowesttotalcost.Torealizethemaximumstrategicbe

13、nefitoflogisticsthefullrangeoffunctionalwkmustbeintegrated.Decisionsinonefunctionalareawillimpactcostofallothers.Itisthisinterrelationoffunctionsthatchallengesthesuccessfulimplementationofintegratedlogisticalmanagement.W

14、krelatedtothesefunctionalareascombinestocreatethecapabilitiesneededtoachievelogisticalvalue.物流的出現(xiàn)在于以最低的總成本移動(dòng)和存放庫(kù)存從而保證按時(shí)將（指定的貨物）放在正確的地方，實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)產(chǎn)收益。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)物流戰(zhàn)略價(jià)值的最大化，必須將各種工作職能整合到一起。在某一職能區(qū)域做出的決定勢(shì)必影響到其它職能區(qū)域的成本開(kāi)支，正是這種職能區(qū)域之間的相互關(guān)系對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)物

15、流一體化管理提出巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，而各職能區(qū)域的相互結(jié)合才能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)物流的價(jià)值。derprocessingWhilemanyaspectsofinfmationarecriticaltologisticsoperationstheprocessofdersisofprimaryimptance.Failuretofullyunderstthisimptanceresultedfromafailuretoundersthowdisttiondyn

16、amicsimpactlogisticaloperations.Themeresponsivethesystemthegreatertheimptanceisofaccuratetimelyinfmationregardingcustomerpurchasebehavi.許多方面的信息對(duì)于物流運(yùn)作來(lái)說(shuō)都很關(guān)鍵，但訂單處理是最重要的。系統(tǒng)越是反應(yīng)靈敏，準(zhǔn)確、及時(shí)（傳遞）有關(guān)顧客購(gòu)買行為的信息就越重要。Currentinfmationtec