交通工程專業(yè)外文翻譯外文文獻(xiàn)英文文獻(xiàn)

1、2012土木工程學(xué)院交通工程專業(yè)土木工程學(xué)院交通工程專業(yè)中英文翻譯中英文翻譯RoadDesign專業(yè)：業(yè)：交通工程2012watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroadtocontinuecarryingtheflowaway.Superelevations(banking)attheoutsideofcurveswillalsohelpdraintheroadsurfac

2、e.Dispose—Aditchculvertsystemcarrieswaterawayfromtheroadstructure.Ditchesshouldbeatleastonefootlowerthanthebottomofthegravelroadlayerthatdrainstheroadway.Theymustbekeptcleanmustbeslopedtomovewaterintonaturaldrainage.Ifwa

3、terstaysintheditchesitcanseepbackintotheroadstructureundermineitsstrength.Ditchesshouldalsobeprotectedfromerosionbyplantinggrassinstallingrockothererosioncontrolmeasures.Erosioncandamageshouldersditchesclogculvertsunderm

4、ineroadbedscontaminatenearbystreamslakes.Evaluateyourditchculvertsystemtwiceayeartoensurethatitwks.Inthefallcleanoutleavesbranchesthatcanblockflow.Inspringcheckfremovesiltsfromplowinganydeadplantmaterialleftfromthefall.2

5、BuildonafirmfoundationAroadisonlyasgoodasitsfoundation.Ahighwaywearsoutfromthetopdownbutfallsapartfromthebottom.Theroadbasemustcarrytheentirestructurethetrafficthatusesit.Tomakeafirmfoundationyoumayneedtostabilizetheroad

6、bedwithchemicalstabilizerslargestonecalledbreakerrungeotextilefabric.Whenyourunintoconditionswhereyoususpectthatthenativesoilisunstablewkwithanengineertoinvestigatethesituationdesignanappropriatesolution.3Usethebestmater

7、ialsWithallroadmaterialsyou“paynowpaylater.”Inferimaterialsmayrequireextensivemaintenancethroughouttheroad’slife.Theymayalsofceyoutoreplacetheroadprematurely.Crushedaggregateisthebestmaterialfthebasecourse.Thesharpangles

8、ofthecrushedmaterialinterlockwhentheyarecompacted.Thissupptsthepavementtrafficbytransmittingtheloadfromparticletoparticle.Bycontrastroundedparticlesactlikeballbearingsmovingunderloads.Angularparticlesaremestablethanround

9、edparticles.Asphaltconcretepavementmaterialsmustbeofthehighestqualitydesignedftheconditionsobtainedfromestablishedfirmstestedtoensureitmeetsspecifications.4CompactalllayersIngeneralthemedenselyamaterialiscompactedthestro

10、ngeritis.Compactionalsoshrinkseliminatesopenspaces(voids)betweenparticles.Thismeansthatlesswatercanenterthestructure.Waterinsoilcanweakenthestructureleadtofrostheaves.Thisisespeciallyimptantfunsurfaced(gravel)roads.Usegr

11、avelwhichhasamixofsizes(wellgradedaggregate)sosmallerparticlescanfillthevoidsbetweenlargerones.Goodcompactionofasphaltpavementlengthensitslife.5DesignftrafficloadsvolumesDesignfthehighestanticipatedloadtheroadwillcarry.A

12、roadthathasbeendesignedonlyfcarswillnotstuptotrucks.Onetruckwith9tonsonasinglerearaxledoesasmuchdamagetoaroadasnearly10000cars.Ruralroadsmaycarrylogtrucksmilktrucksfiredepartmentpumpertrucksconstructionequipment.Ifyoudon