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1、DrivefcecontrolofaparallelserieshybridsystemAbstractSinceeachcomponentofahybridsystemhasitsownlimitofperfmancethevehiclepowerdependsontheweakestcomponent.Soitisnecessarytodesignthebalanceofthecomponents.Thevehiclemustbec

2、ontrolledtooperatewithintheperfmancerangeofallthecomponents.Wedesignedthespecificationsofeachcomponentbackwardfromtherequireddrivefce.Inthispaperwedescribeacontrolmethodfthemottquetoavoiddamagetothebatterywhenthebatteryi

3、satalowstateofge.SocietyofAutomotiveEngineersofJapanInc.ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionInrecentyearsvehicleswithinternalcombustionengineshaveincreasinglyplayedanimptantroleasameansoftransptationarecon

4、tributingmuchtothedevelopmentofsociety.Howevervehicleemissionscontributetoairpollutionpossiblyevenglobalwarmingwhichrequireeffectivecountermeasures.Variousdevelopmentsarebeingmadetoreducetheseemissionsbutnofurtherlargeim

5、provementscanbeexpectedfrommerelyimprovingthecurrentenginestransmissions.Thusgreatexpectationsarebeingplacedonthedevelopmentofelectrichybridnaturalgasdrivenvehicles.Judgingfromcurrentlyapplicabletechnologiesthecurrentlyi

6、nstalledinfrastructureofgasolinestationsinspectionservicefacilitiesthehybridvehicledrivenbythecombinationofgasolineengineelectricmotisconsideredtobeoneofthemostrealisticsolutions.Generallyspeakinghybridsystemsareclassifi

7、edasseriesparallelsystems.AtToyotawehavedevelopedtheToyotaHybridSystem(hereinafterreferredtoastheTHS)bycombiningtheadvantagesofbothsystems.InthissensetheTHScouldbeclassifiedasaparallelseriestypeofsystem.SincetheTHSconsta

8、ntlyoptimizesengineoperationemissionsarecleanerbetterfueleconomycanbeachieved.DuringbrakingKiicenergyisrecoveredbythemottherebyreducingfuelconsumptionsubsequentCO2emissions.Emissionsfueleconomyaregreatlyimprovedbyusingth

9、eTHSfthepowertrainsystem.HowevertheTHSincpatesenginemotbatteryothercomponentseachofwhichhasitsownparticularcapability.Inotherwdsthedrivingfcemustbegeneratedwithinthelimitsofeachrespectivecomponent.Inparticularsincethebat

10、teryoutputvariesgreatlydependingonitslevelofgethedrivingfcehastobecontrolledwiththisinmind.ThisreptclarifiestheperfmancerequiredoftherespectiveTHScomponentsbasedonthedrivingfcenecessaryfavehicle.Themethodofcontrollingthe

11、drivingfcebothwhenthebatteryhashighlowgeisalsodescribed.2.Toyotahybridsystem(THS)[12]AsFig.1showstheTHSismadeupofahybridtransmissionenginebattery.2.1.HybridtransmissionThetransmissionconsistsofmotgeneratpowersplitdevicer

12、eductiongear.Thepowersplitdeviceisaplaarygear.Sungearringgearplaarycarrieraredirectlyconnectedtogeneratmotenginerespectively.Theringgearisalsoconnectedtothereductiongear.Thusenginepowerissplitintothegeneratthedrivingwhee

13、ls.Withthistypeofmechanismtheoutputenoughdrivingfcefavehicle.Thissectiondiscussestherunningperfmancerequiredofthevehicletheessentialitemsrequiredoftherespectivecomponents.Roadconditionssuchasslopesspeedlimitstherequireds

14、peedtopassothervehiclesdeterminethepowerperfmancerequiredbythevehicle.Table1indicatesthepowerperfmanceneededinJapan.3.1.PlaarygearratioρTheplaarygearratio(ρ)hasalmostnoeffectonfueleconomyemissions.Thisisbecausetherequire

15、denginepower(i.e.enginecondition)dependsonvehiclespeeddrivingfcebatteryconditionnotontheplaarygearratio.Converselyitislargelylimitedbythedegreeofinstallabilityinthevehiclemanufacturingaspectsleavinglittleroomfdesign.Inth

16、ecurrentlydevelopedTHSρ=0.385.3.2.MaximumenginepowerSincethebatterycannotbeusedfcruisingduetoitslimitedpowerstagecapacitymostdrivingisreliantonenginepoweronly.Fig.2showsthepowerrequiredbyavehicleequippedwiththeTHSbasedon

17、itsdrivingresistance.Accdinglythepowerthatisrequiredfcruisingonalevelroadat140kmhclimbinga5%slopeat105kmhwillbe32kW.Ifthetransmissionlossistakenintoaccounttheenginerequires40kW(=Pemax)ofpower.TheTHSusesanenginewithmaximu

18、mpowerof43kWindertogetgoodvehicleperfmancewhilemaintaininggoodfueleconomy.3.3.MaximumgenerattqueAsdescribedinSection2themaximumenginespeedis4000rpm(=Nemax).Toattainmaximumtqueatthisspeedmaximumenginetqueisobtainedasfollo

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