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1、P1:FJPFKEP2:FJPFGBP3:FJPFGBQC:ANJ9August199915:19CHAP01SECTION1INTRODUCTYREVIEWG.McMillanFromthe1970stothe1990sthehiringofengineerstechniciansdwindledtonewlows.Technicaltrainingwasreplacedwithmanagementtrainingprograms.F
2、asttrackemployeesaspiredtobemanagersratherthantechnicalleaders.Thiscombinedwiththeearlyretirementofmostoftheexperiencedengineerstechniciansledtoahugegapinageexperienceintheareaofprocessindustrialinstrumentationcontrol.Co
3、mpanieshaveattemptedtoreplenishtheirtechnicalcapabilityinthepastfewyearsbutthenewhiresaretypicallynotgivenamentaccesstoatechnicaltrainingprogramtechnicalsuppt.Naretheygiventimetodeveloptheirskillsonprojectsofincrementalc
4、omplexity.Oftentheyarethrownimmediatelyintosomeverydifficultsituations.Tohelpaddressthisnewneedtheemphasisofthenewmaterialinthehbookhasshiftedfromoperatingprinciplestoapplicationguidance.Newfeaturesprocessconditionsthata
5、reimptantconsiderationsfsuccessfulinstallationsarediscussed.ionratingskeypointsrulesofthumbareoffered.Thisupdateprovidesthereaderwithaperspectiveappreciationfwhatisimptantfimplementationfromauthswithdecadesofexperience.P
6、lantshavealsosufferedfromneglect.Inattempttoimprovethereturnonequitycapitalwasnotmadeavailableteplaceoldequipment.Meantimethesurgeintheeconomymeansplantsarerunningat200%meofnameplatecapacity.Asaresultequipmentispushedbey
7、onditsnmaloperatingregion.Thishasincreasedthebenefitsfromprocesscontrolimprovementtogetthemostoutofaplant.Section10hasbeenaddedtoprovideacomprehensivetreatmentofthisimptantopptunity.Thebiggestnewsofcourseisthemovetosmart
8、instrumentationtheWindowsNTplatfmFieldbus.DistributedControlSystemsFieldBasedSystemsinSection3KnowledgeBasedOperatTraininginSection8InstrumentMaintenanceCostReductioninSection10anOverviewoftheISAIECFieldbusStardinSection
9、11provideinfmationessentialtogetthemostoutofthesemajshiftsintechnology.FinallystardshavebeenrecentlydevelopedtoaddresssafetybatchoperationFieldbus.Section11hasbeenaddedtoprovideanoverviewoftheimptantaspectsofthesenewstar
10、dsbyauthswhohaveplayedakeyroleintheirdevelopment.Thishbookhasbeendesignedfthepractitionerwhoneedstoapplyinstrumentationcontrolsystemsinindustry.Thefollowingisawalkthroughofthetechnicalarticles.SECTION2:CONTROLSYSTEMFUNDA
11、MENTALSControlPrinciplesAswasobservedbyreadersofearliereditionsthishasbeenoneofthemostwidelyusedarticlesinthishbook.Thisarticleisintendednotonlyfindividualstudybutalsofusebygroupsofscholarsincollegetechnicalschoolinplant
12、trainingprograms.Thearticlecommenceswiththenontheeticalanalysisofatypicalprocessmachinecontrolsystem.Discussedareprocessreactioncurvestransferfunctionscontrolmodessinglecapacitymulticapacityprocesses—relatingcontrolacter
13、isticswithcontrollerion.TechniquesfProcessControlThisarticlereviewsfromboththepracticalthetheeticalviewpointsthenumerousadvancementsachievedinsolvingdifficultcontrolproblemsinimprovingtheperfmanceofcontrolsystems1.1P1:FJ
14、PFKEP2:FJPFGBP3:FJPFGBQC:ANJ9August199915:19CHAP01INTRODUCTYREVIEW1.3theusermakethemostcomplexfarreachingdecisionsininstrumentationprocesscontrolinthatitsetstheeasedegreeofautomationmaintenanceoperabilityoftheplant.Progr
15、ammableControllersTheauthprovidesaperspectiveofthecriteriafmakingthemanychoicesofarchitecturesoftwarehardware.Thetablesofthechoicesofwksinputoutput(IO)outlinetheessentialissues.Thediscussionofcontrollersizemodularitydist
16、ributionaddressesthekeyquestionsfanyapplication.ThearticlealsoprovidesabalancedviewofalternativessuchasPCbasedsoftcontrol.Boththeuserthesupplierwillbenefitfromthistreatmentofthisimptantcomponentofdiscretemanufacturingsaf
17、etyinterlocksequentialcontrolsystems:StAloneControllersThecontinuingimpressiveroleofthesecontrollersparticularlyinnonCIMenvironmentsisemphasized.Deionsincluderevampedmodernizedversionsofthesedecadesoldwkhses.Apotpourriof
18、currentlyavailablestalonecontrollersisincludedwithemphasisonnewfeaturessuchasselftuningdiagnosisinadditiontodesignconfmationwithEuropeanDIN(DeutscheIndustrieNm)stards.HydraulicControllersTheimptantnichefpowerfulhydraulic
19、methodscontinuestoexistintheindustrialcontrolfield.Theprincipleswhichwereestablisheddecadesagoaredescribedincludingjetpipeflapperspooltwostagevalves.Contemparyservovalvesarediscussed.Hydraulicfluidspowerconsiderationsthe
20、ioncriteriafservoproptionalvalvesareoutlined.Atabularsummaryoftherelativeadvantageslimitationsofvarioushydraulicfluidsincludingthenewerpolyolestersisincluded.BatchProcessControlDuringthepastfewyearsmuchattentionhasbeendi
21、rectedtowardabetterunderstingofthedynamicsofbatchprocessesinaneffttoachievegreaterautomationbyapplyingadvancedcontrolknowledgegainedfromexperiencewithcontinuousprocesscontrolscomputers.Thishasprovedtobemedifficulttequire
22、metimethanhadbeenanticipated.StardsganizationssuchastheInstrumentSocietyofAmericacontinuetowkupstardsfabatchcontrolmodel.Inthisarticleanattempthasbeenmadetocutthroughsomeofthecomplexitiestoconcentrateonthebasicsrathertha
23、nonthemostcomplexmodelonecanenvision.Batchingnomenclatureisdetaileddefinitionsofthebatchprocessaregiveninsimplifiedunderstableterms.Todistinguishamongthemanymethodsavailablefaccomplishingbatchcontrolatabularsummaryofproc
24、esstypesversussuchfactsasdurationofprocesssizeoflotrunlabcontentprocessefficiencytheinputoutputsystemisgiven.Interfacingwithdistributedcontrolsystemoverallwkingareconsidered.AutomaticBlendingSystemsAlthoughtheneedtoblend
25、variousingredientsinpotscrocksdatesbacktoantiquitycontemparyblendingsystemsareindeedquitesophisticated.Theauthcontractsthecontrolneedsfbatchversuscontinuousblending.Atypicalblendconfigurationisdiagrammedindetail.Someofth
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