【astm標準】d 1868 - 13

1、Designation:D1868?13StardTestMethodfDetectionMeasurementofPartialDisge(Cona)PulsesinEvaluationofInsulationSystems1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD1868thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearo

2、figinaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.Thisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoft

3、heU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedetectionmeasurementofpartialdisge(cona)pulsesattheterminalsofaninsulationsystemunderanappliedtestvoltageincludingthedeterminationofpartialdisge(cona)inceptionex

4、tinctionvoltagesasthetestvoltageisraisedlowered.Thetestmethodisalsousefulindeterminingquantitiessuchasapparentgepulserepetitionratetogetherwithsuchintegratedquantitiesasaveragecurrentquadraticratepower.Thetestmethodisuse

5、fulftestvoltagesranginginfrequencyfromzero(directvoltage)toapproximately2000Hz.1.2Thetestmethodisdirectlyapplicabletoasimpleinsulationsystemthatcanberepresentedasatwoterminalcapacit(1)(2).1.3Thetestmethodisalsoapplicable

6、to(distributedparameter)insulationsystemssuchashighvoltagecable.Considerationmustbegiventoattenuationreflectionphenomenainthistypeofsystem.Furtherinfmationondistributedparametersystemsofcablestransfmersrotatingmachineswi

7、llbefoundinRefs.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).2(SeeAEICCS587IEEEC571131991IEEEC571241991IEEE14342005.)1.4Thetestmethodcanbeappliedtomultiterminalinsulationsystemsbutatsomelossinaccuracyespeciallywheretheinsulationofinducti

8、vewindingsisinvolved.1.5Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyproblemsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulat

9、ylimitationspritouse.SpecificprecautionstatementsaregiveninSections814.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:3D149TestMethodfDielectricBreakdownVoltageDielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterialsatCommercialPowerF

10、requenciesD618PracticefConditioningPlasticsfTestingD2275TestMethodfVoltageEnduranceofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterialsSubjectedtoPartialDisges(Cona)ontheSurfaceD3382TestMethodsfMeasurementofEnergyIntegratedgeTransferDue

11、toPartialDisges(Corona)UsingBridgeTechniques2.2OtherDocuments:AEICCS587SpecificationsfThermoplasticCrosslinkedPolyethleneInsulatedShieldedPowerCablesRated5through35kV(9thEdition)October19874ICEAT24380GuidefPartialDisgePr

12、ocedure5IEEE48StardTestProceduresRequirementsfHighVoltageAlternatingCurrentCableTerminations6IEEE14342005GuidetotheMeasurementofPartialDisgesinRotatingMachinery6IEEEC571131991GuidefPDMeasurementinLiquidFilledPowerTransfm

13、ersShuntReacts6IEEEC571241991RecommendedPracticeftheDetectionofPDtheMeasurementofApparentgeinDryTypeTransfmers63.Terminology3.1Definitions:1ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD09onElectricalElectronicInsu

14、latingMaterialsisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD09.12onElectricalTests.CurrenteditionapprovedNov.12013.PublishedDecember2013.iginallyapprovedin1961.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD1868–07.DOI:10.1520D186813.2T

15、heboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthistestmethod.3FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocu

16、mentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.4AvailablefromthepublicationdepartmentoftheAssociationofEdisonIlluminatingCompanies600N.18thSt.POBox2641BirminghamAL352910992.5AvailablefromtheInsulatedCableEngineersAssociationInc.POBox44

17、0SouthYarmouthMA02664.6AvailablefromInstituteofElectricalElectronicsEngineersInc.(IEEE)445HoesLn.P.O.Box1331PiscatawayNJ088541331:www.ieee.g.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational10

18、0BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1Vi=theinstantaneousvalueoftheappliedtestvoltageatthetimeofthedisgeV.3.1.14partialdisge(cona)powerloss(P)—thesummationoftheenergiesdrawnfromthetestvoltagesou

19、rcebyindividualdisgesoccurringoveraperiodoftimedividedbythattimeperiod.P51T(i51i5mQiVi(4)where:P=thedisgepowerWT=thetimeperiodsm=thenumberofthefinalpulseduringTQiVi=thedisgeenergyoftheithpulse(see3.1.13).Whenpartialdisge

20、pulseheightanalysisisperfmedoveraonesecondintervalthenthepowerdissapatedPcanbedeterminedfrom:P5(j51injQjVj(5)where:P=pulsedisgepowerlossWnj=recurrencerateofthejthdisgepulseinpulsessecond.Qj=thecrespondingvalueofthepartia

21、ldisgequantityincoulombsftheparticularpulse.Vj=instantaneousvalueoftheappliedvoltageinvoltsatwhichthejthdisgepulsetakesplace(6).Iftheassumption(12)ismadethatVj?Cj.Ct?Vj(where?CjisincrementalcapacitanceriseinCtduetothe?Vj

22、inVjasaresultofthejthdisge)thentheabovesummationmustbemultipliedby1?2.Howeverthisassumptionisnotusuallybneoutinpractice.3.1.15partialdisgeapparentpowerloss(Pa)—thesummationoveraperiodoftimeofallconapulseamplitudesmultipl

23、iedbythermstestvoltage.Pa5ItVs(6)where:Pa=apparentpowerlossintimeinterval(t1?t0)WIt=averageconacurrentAVs=appliedrmstestvoltageV.3.1.16partialdisge(cona)pulserate(n)—theaveragenumberofdisgepulsesthatoccurpersecondinsomeo

24、therspecifiedtimeinterval.Thepulsecountmayberestrictedtopulsesaboveapresetthresholdmagnitudetothosebetweenstatedloweruppermagnitudelimits.3.1.17partialdisgepulse—avoltagecurrentpulsethatoccursatsomedesignatedlocationinac

25、ircuitasaresultofapartialdisge.4.SummaryofTestMethod4.1Aspecimeninsulationsystemisenergizedinatestcircuitbyahighvoltagesource.Apartialdisge(cona)inthespecimenwillcauseasuddengetransferaresultingvoltagepulseatthespeciment

26、erminals.Calibrateameasuringinstrumentcoupledtotheterminalstorespondtothevoltagepulseintermsofthegetransferredattheterminals.5.SignificanceUse5.1Thepresenceofpartialdisges(cona)atoperatingvoltageinaninsulationsystemhasth

27、epotentialtoresultinasignificantreductioninthelifeoftheinsulatingmaterial.Somematerialsaremesusceptibletosuchdisgedamagethanothers.ThisacteristiccanbeinvestigatedusingTestMethodD2275.5.2Thepresenceofpartialdisges(cona)in

28、anapparentlysolidinsulationisapotentialindicationoftheexistenceofinternalcavities.Partialdisgetestshavebeenusefulinthedesigninspectionofmoldedlaminatedcompositeinsulationaswellasspecimensinthefmofcablescapacitstransfmers

29、bushingsstatbarsrotatingmachines(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(13)(12).(SeealsoAEICCS587ICEAT24380IEEE48IEEEC571131991IEEEC571241991IEEE14342005.)5.3Partialdisge(cona)inceptionextinctionvoltagesareusedinthedeterminationofth

30、elimitingvoltageatwhichaninsulationsystemwilloperatefreeofsuchdisges.Theextinctionvoltageisoftensubstantiallylowerthantheinceptionvoltage.Wheretheoperatingvoltageisbelowtheinceptionvoltagebutabovetheextinctionvoltageitis

31、possiblethatatransientovervoltagewillinitiatedisgeswhichthencontinueuntilthevoltageisloweredbelowtheextinctionvoltage.Inceptionextinctionvoltagesdependuponmanyfactsincludingtemperaturetherateatwhichthevoltageischanged.Af

32、teratimeatavoltageitispossiblethatdisgeswillstartstopinanonunifmunpredictablefashionespeciallyfdisgeswithincavitiesincertainmaterialsinparticularifthedisgedegradationproductsfmedareconductive(1)(5).5.4Themagnitude(pulseh

33、eight)ofapartialdisgeisanindicationoftheamountofenergythatitdissipatesintheinsulationsystem.Partialdisgemagnitudepulserateareusefulinestimatingtheratechangeofrateatwhichdeteriationisproduced.5.5Ingeneraltheoccurrenceofpa

34、rtialdisgesisnotdirectlyrelatedtothebasicpropertiesofasolidinsulatingmaterialbutusuallyresultsfromoverstressingofgaseousocclusionssimilarimperfectionsdiscontinuitiesinaninsulatingsystem.Itispossiblethatpartialdisgeswilli

35、ginateatlocationssuchasontheleadsterminalswithoutresultinginanyhazardwithinthemainpartoftheinsulationsystem.6.Interference6.1Itispossiblethatradiatedconductedelectricaldisturbancesfromsourcesotherthanthetestspecimenwilli