2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:E428?08(Reapproved2013)StardPracticefFabricationControlofMetalOtherthanAluminumReferenceBlocksUsedinUltrasonicTesting1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE428thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationin

2、dicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.Thisstardhasbeenapprovedfu

3、sebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thispracticecoversaprocedureffabricationcontrolofmetalalloyreferenceblocksusedinultrasonicexaminationthathaveaflatsurfacesoundentryarecylindricalinshapecontainflatbottom

4、holes(FBH)whichmaybeusedfcheckingtheperfmanceofultrasonicexaminationinstrumentationsearchunitsfstardizationcontrolofultrasonicexaminationofmetalalloyproducts.Thereferenceblocksdescribedaresuitablefusewitheitherthedirectc

5、ontactmethodimmersionpulseechoultrasonicmethods.NOTE1—Useofflatsurfacereferenceblocksmaynotbesuitablefcylindricalmaterials(1)2.1.2Whilethisprocedureisbasicallydesignedfthefabricationcontrolofcarbonalloysteelblockstobeuse

6、dinconjunctionwiththeexaminationofthesematerialsthefabricationcontrolproceduresmayalsobesuitablefthepreparationofblocksfothertypesofmaterialssuchasnickelbasealloyscertaintypesofaluminumalloyssofth.Additionalprocedurescon

7、trolsmayberequiredwhenfabricatingreferenceblocksfromotherthancarbonalloysteelmaterial.Thispracticeshallinnowayprecludethespecificationadditionofanysupplementedrequirementsasdeemednecessaryfthespecificapplication.Thisprac

8、ticehowevermustnotbeconfusedwithndoesitsupersedePracticeE127specificallygoverningthefabricationevaluationof7075T6aluminumalloyultrasonicstardreferenceblocks.NOTE2—PracticeE127GuideE1158alsodescribeproceduresfingmaterialf

9、abricatingblockscheckingresponse.UnlikethispracticePracticeE127hasrequirementsfevaluationrelativetoaspecifiedstardtarget.1.3Thevaluesstatedininchpoundunitsaretoberegardedasstard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathematical

10、conversionstoSIunitsthatareprovidedfinfmationonlyarenotconsideredstard.1.4Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyproblemsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafet

11、yhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStards:3E127PracticefFabricatingCheckingAluminumAlloyUltrasonicStardReferenceBlocksE1158GuidefMaterialionFabricationofRef

12、erenceBlocksfthePulsedLongitudinalWaveUltrasonicTestingofMetalMetalAlloyProductionMaterialE1316TerminologyfNondestructiveExaminations3.Terminology3.1Definitions—FdefinitionsoftermsusedinthispracticeseeTerminologyE1316.4.

13、SummaryofPractice4.1Thispracticedetailsabasicfabricationcontrolproceduredefinestheminimumrequirementstobemetinmatchingcarbonalloysteelreferenceblockswiththematerialtobeexamined.Additionalsupplementalrequirementsmaybeneed

14、edwhenusingthispracticetofabricatereferenceblocksfromothertypesofmaterialswithlargerdiameterholes.Thephysicalacteristicsoftheholemaybeestablishedbyevaluatingplasticreplicas.Itmustberecognizedhoweverthattherearelimitation

15、sonthesizeholethatmaybereplicatedevaluated.1ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.06onUltrasonicMethod.CurrenteditionapprovedJune12013.Publi

16、shedJune2013.iginallyapprovedin1971.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asE42808.DOI:10.1520E042808R13.2Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendofthisstard.3FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitew

17、ww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvolumeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedState

18、s18.1.5asmallwirepinneedleothersuitableobjectthatwillserveasarigidcefacilitateremovalofthereplica.8.1.6Aftercuringthereplicamayberemovedexamined.Thereplicashallindicatethattheholebottomisflatwithin0.001in.(0.03mm)1?8in.(

19、3.2mm)ofdiameterroughnessshallnotbegreaterthan16rmsfinish.FrecdpurposesthereplicamaybeprojectedonacomparatscreenphotographedasshowninFig.2.9.CheckingUltrasonicResponseacteristics9.1Allmeasurementsofareaamplitudedistancea

20、mplitudeacteristicsaretobemadeusinga5MHz3?8in.(9.5mm)flattransduceratawaterpathdistanceequaltothemeasureddistancetothelastnearfieldmaximum(Y0)apreviouslylinearitycalibratedtestinstrument.Referenceblocksthatexhibitsatisfa

21、ctyexternalphysicalacteristicsproperconfigurationofthereplicatedholeshallbesubjectedtoadditionalexaminationtochecktheirultrasonicresponseacteristics.Iftheultrasonicresponseacteristicsaretobeestablishedbyimmersiontechniqu

22、esthedrilledflatbottomholesshallbecleanedtemparilypluggedbyapressfitTFEfluocarbonsealedbysomeothersuitabletechniquetoensurealeaktightclosure.Itisrecommendedthatblocksfabricatedassetsbecomparedwitheachothertodeterminethei

23、rrelativeultrasonicresponseacteristics.Thisisparticularlydesirableinthecasesofsetscontainingflatbottomholessmallerthan3?64in.(1.2mm)indiameterthatcannotbesatisfactilyreplicated.9.2AreaAmplitudeResponseCurves—Anareaamplit

24、udesetmaycontainseveralblockswithsameexternaldimensionsdistancefromtheentrysurfacetotheedFBHsofvaryingsizes.Anareaamplituderesponsecurvemaybeobtainedbyadjustingtheexaminationsensitivitytogiveasignalwithanamplitudeof30to4

25、0%ofFSDfromtheblocknearestthedleoftherangeofthereflectsizes.Withoutchanginganyexaminationparameterstheultrasonicresponsefromtheremainingblockswithbothsmallerlargersizereflectsareplottedontheresponsecurve.Atypicalareaampl

26、itudecurvefasetof4340steelblocksisshowninFig.3.AnyblockthatexhibitsanerraticultrasonicresponsedoesnotTABLE1StardBlockSizesRecommendedBlockSetsNOTE1—Materialtobeasspecifiedbytheuser.NOTE2—Alldimensionstolerancesaretobeina

27、ccdancewithFig.1.NOTE3—1in.=25.4mm.NOTE4—Blocksetsshownaretypicalofestablishedcommercialpractice:mefewerblocksmayberequiredfspecificapplications.MetalTravelDesignatDistanceAmplitude19ineachsetBasicSet10TotalAreaAmplitude

28、Set8TotalDiameterofFlatBottomHoles(1?64in.1.6mm)Dimension“D”NominalMTDim.“A”Desig.3583581234567(in.)(in.)(mm)0.0630.06251.6–0006358.........0.1250.1253.2–0012358...5...0.2500.2506.4–0025358...5...0.3750.3759.5–0038358...

29、......0.5000.50012.7–0050358...5...0.6250.62515.9–0062358.........0.7500.75019.1–0075358.........0.8750.87522.2–0088358.........1.0001.00025.4–0100358.........1.2501.25031.8–0125358.........1.5001.50036.1–0150...........

30、.5...1.7501.75044.5–0175358.........2.0002.00050.8–0200..................2.2502.25057.2–0225358.........2.5002.50063.5–0250..................2.7502.75069.9–0275..................3.0003.00076.2–030035835812345673.2503.250

31、82.6–0325358.........3.5003.50088.9–0350..................3.7503.75095.3–0375358.........4.0004.000101.6–0400..................4.2504.250106.0–0425358.........4.5004.500114.3–0450..................4.7504.750120.70475358.

32、........5.0005.000127.0–0500..................5.2505.250133.4–0525358.........5.5005.500139.7–0550..................5.7505.750146.1–0575..................6.0006.000152.4–0600358...586.2506.250158.8–06256.5006.500165.1–06

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