2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Designation:E1742E1742M?12StardPracticefRadiographicExamination1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1742E1742Mthenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearofl

2、astrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon()indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.ThisstardhasbeenapprovedfusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.1.Scope1.1Thisprac

3、tice2establishestheminimumrequirementsfradiographicexaminationfmetallicnonmetallicmaterials.1.2Applicability—Thecriteriaftheradiographicexaminationinthispracticeareapplicabletoalltypesofmetallicnonmetallicmaterials.There

4、quirementsexpressedinthispracticeareintendedtocontrolthequalityoftheradiographicimagesarenotintendedtoestablishacceptancecriteriafpartsmaterials.1.3BasisofApplication—Thereareareasinthispracticethatmayrequireagreementbet

5、weenthecognizantengineeringganizationthesupplierspecificdirectionfromthecognizantengineeringganization.Theseitemsshouldbeaddressedinthepurchasederthecontract.1.3.1DoDcontracts.1.3.2Personnelqualification5.1.1.1.3.3Agency

6、qualification5.1.2.1.3.4Digitizingtechniques5.4.5.1.3.5Alternateimagequalityindicat(IQI)types5.5.3.1.3.6Examinationsequence6.6.1.3.7Nonfilmtechniques6.7.1.3.8Radiographicqualitylevels6.9.1.3.9Filmdensity6.10.1.3.10IQIqua

7、lificationexposure6.13.3.1.3.11NonrequirementfIQI6.18.1.3.12ExaminationcoveragefweldsA2.2.2.1.3.13ElectronbeamweldsA2.3.1.3.14Geometricunsharpness6.23.1.3.15Responsibilityfexamination6.27.1.1.3.16Examinationrept6.27.2.1.

8、3.17Retentionofradiographs6.27.8.1.3.18Stageofradiographs6.27.9.1.3.19Reproductionofradiographs6.27.106.27.10.1.1.3.20Acceptableparts6.28.1.1.4Units—ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsinchpoundunitsaretoberegardedseparatelyas

9、stard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalentstherefeeachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconfmancewiththestard.1.5Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesa

10、fetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthpracticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1Thefollowingdocumen

11、tsfmapartofthispracticetotheextentspecifiedherein:2.2ASTMStards:3E94GuidefRadiographicExaminationE543SpecificationfAgenciesPerfmingNondestructiveTestingE747PracticefDesignManufactureMaterialGroupingClassificationofWireIm

12、ageQualityIndicats(IQI)UsedfRadiologyE801PracticefControllingQualityofRadiologicalExaminationofElectronicDevicesE999GuidefControllingtheQualityofIndustrialRadiographicFilmProcessingE1025PracticefDesignManufactureMaterial

13、GroupingClassificationofHoleTypeImageQualityIndicats(IQI)UsedfRadiologyE1030TestMethodfRadiographicExaminationofMetallicCastingsE1032TestMethodfRadiographicExaminationofWeldmentsE1079PracticefCalibrationofTransmissionDen

14、sitometers1ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.01onRadiology(XGamma)Method.CurrenteditionapprovedNov.12012.PublishedNovember2012.iginallya

15、pprovedin1995.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asE174211.DOI:10.1520E1742_E1742M12.2ThispracticereplacedMILSTD453.3FreferencedASTMstardsvisittheASTMwebsitewww.astm.gcontactASTMCustomerServiceat.FAnnualBookofASTMStardsvol

16、umeinfmationrefertothestard’sDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.ASummaryofChangessectionappearsattheendofthisstardCopyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959.UnitedStates1MethodsE1030

17、E1032E1416containinfmationtohelpdevelopdetailedtechniqueprocedurerequirements.5.GeneralPractice5.1Qualification:5.1.1PersonnelQualification—Personnelperfmingexaminationsinaccdancewiththispracticeshallbequalifiedinaccdanc

18、ewithMILSTD410NAS410ANSIASNTCP189SNTTC1Acertifiedbytheemployercertifyingagencyasapplicable.Otherequivalentqualificationdocumentsmaybeusedwhenspecifiedinthecontractpurchaseder.5.1.2AgencyEvaluation—Ifspecifiedinthecontrac

19、tualagreementNDTagenciesshallbequalifiedevaluatedinaccdancewithPracticeE543.TheapplicablerevisionofPracticeE543shallbespecifiedinthecontractualagreement.5.2LabatyInstallations:5.2.1Safety—Thepremisesequipmentshallpresent

20、nohazardstothesafetyofpersonnelproperty.NCRP147NCRP116NCRP144maybeusedasguidestoensurethatradiographicproceduresareperfmedsothatpersonnelshallnotreceivearadiationdosageexceedingthemaximumpermittedbycitystatenationalcodes

21、.5.2.2RadiographicExposureAreas—Radiographicexposureareasshallbecleanequippedsothatacceptableradiographsmaybeproducedinaccdancewiththerequirementsofthispractice.5.2.3Darkroom—Darkroomfacilitiesincludingequipmentmaterials

22、shallbecapableofproducingunifmradiographsfreeofblemishesartifactswhichmightinterferewithinterpretationintheareaofinterest.5.2.4FilmViewingArea—Thefilmviewingroomenclosureshallbeanareawithsubduedlightingtoprecludeobjectio

23、nablereflectiveglarefromthesurfaceofthefilmunderexamination(see6.27.6).5.3Materials:5.3.1Film—Filmionfproductionradiographsshouldbebasedonradiationsourceenergylevelpartthicknessconfigurationimagequality.Onlyfilmsystemsha

24、vingcognizantengineeringganizationapprovalmeetingtheclassrequirementsofTestMethodE1815shallbeused.5.3.1.1NonfilmRecdingMedia—Otherrecdingmediasuchaspaperanalogtapemaybeusedwhenapprovedbythecognizantengineeringganization.

25、5.3.2FilmProcessingSolutions—Productionradiographsshallbeprocessedinsolutionscapableofconsistentlyproducingradiographsthatmeettherequirementsofthispractice.SolutioncontrolshallbeinaccdancewithAnnexA4.GuideE999shouldbecon

26、sultedfguidanceonfilmprocessing.5.4Equipment:5.4.1RadiationSources.5.4.1.1XRadiationSources—ionofappropriateXrayvoltagecurrentlevelsisdependentuponvariablesregardingthespecimenbeingexamined(materialtypethickness)exposure

27、time.Thesuitabilityoftheseexposureparametersshallbedemonstratedbyattainmentoftherequiredradiographicqualitylevelcompliancewithallotherrequirementsstipulatedherein.5.4.1.2GammaRadiationSources—Isotopesourcesthatareusedsha

28、llbecapableofdemonstratingtherequiredradiographicqualitylevel.5.4.2FilmHoldersCassettes—Filmholderscassettesshallbelighttightconstructedofmaterialsthatdonotinterferewiththequalitysensitivityofradiographsshallbehledproper

29、lytoreducedamage.Intheeventthatlightleaksintothefilmholderproducesimagesontheradiographtheradiographneednotberejectedunlesstheimagesobscureinterferewiththeareaofinterest.Ifthefilmholderexhibitslightleaksitshallbefurtherr

30、epairedbefeusediscarded.Filmholderscassettesshouldberoutinelyexaminedfcracksotherdefectstominimizethelikelihoodoflightleaks.5.4.3IntensifyingScreens:5.4.3.1LeadFoilScreens—Whenusingasourcegreaterthan150keVintensifyingscr

31、eensoftheleadfoiltypearerecommended.Screensshallhavethesameareadimensionsasthefilmbeingusedshallbeinintimatecontactwiththefilmduringexposure.RecommendedscreenthicknessesarelistedinTable1ftheapplicablevoltagerangebeinguse

32、d.Screensshallbefreefromanycrackscreasesscratchesfeignmaterialthatcouldrenderundesirablenonrelevantimagesonthefilm.5.4.3.2FluescentFluometallicOtherMetallicScreens—Fluescentfluometallicothermetallicscreensmaybeused.Howev

33、ertheymustbecapableofdemonstratingtherequiredperameter(IQI)sensitivity.Fluescentfluometallicscreensmaycauselimitationsinimagequality(seeGuideE94AppendixX1).5.4.4FilmViewers—Viewersusedffinalinterpretationshallmeetthefoll

34、owingrequirements:TABLE1LeadScreenThicknessAEnergyRangeIsotopesFrontScreenBackScreenMinimumFrontBackScreensBin.in.mm0–150keVC0.000to0.0010.005D00.15151–200keV0.000to0.0050.005D0.020.15201–320keV0.001to0.0100.0050.020.2Se

35、750.001to0.0100.0050.10.2321–450keV0.005to0.0150.010.10.2Ir1920.005to0.0150.010.020.2451keV–2MeV0.005to0.0200.010.10.5Co600.005to0.0200.010.10.52–4MeV0.010to0.0200.010.10.54–10MeV0.010to0.0300.010.51.010–25MeV0.010to0.05

36、00.011.02.0ATheleadscreenthicknesslistedfthevariousenergyrangesarerecommendedthicknessesnotrequiredthicknesses.Otherthicknessesmaterialsmaybeusedprovidedtherequiredradiographicqualitylevelcontrastdensityareachieved.BLead

37、screenthicknessesinaccdancewithEN444ISO5579inSIunits.FenergyrangesofCo60451keVto4MeVsteelcopperscreensof0.1to0.5mmmaybeused.Fenergyrangesabove4MeVto10MeV0.51.0mmsteelcopperupto0.5mmtantalumscreensarerecommended.Additiona

38、lbackscattershieldingmaybeachievedbyadditionalleadscreensbehindthecassettes.CPrepackagedfilmwithleadscreensmaybeusedfrom80to150keV.Noleadscreensarerecommendedbelow80keV.Prepackagedfilmmaybeusedathigherenergylevelsprovide

39、dthecontrastdensityradiographicqualitylevelbackscatterrequirementsareachieved.Additionalintermediateleadscreensmaybeusedfreductionofscatteredradiationathigherenergies.DNobackscreenisrequiredprovidedthebackscatterrequirem

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