新概念第四冊(cè)課文及翻譯(中英)

1、Lesson1Findingfossilman發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人發(fā)現(xiàn)化石人Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5000yearsagointheNearEastwherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsofthewdwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistyistore

2、countitassagaslegendsheddownfromonegenerationofanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongagobutnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.Anthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancests

3、ofthePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagasiftheyhadanyarefgo

4、tten.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistynlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirstmodernmencamefrom.Ftunatelyhoweverancientmenmadetoolsofstoneespeciallyflintbecausethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodskin

5、sbutthesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecaysothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.參考譯文我們從書(shū)籍中可讀到5000年前近東發(fā)生的事情，那里的人最早學(xué)會(huì)了寫(xiě)字。但直到現(xiàn)在世界上有些地方，人們還不會(huì)書(shū)寫(xiě)。他們保存歷史的唯一辦法是將歷史當(dāng)作傳說(shuō)講述，由講述

6、人一代接一代地將史實(shí)描述為傳奇故事口傳下來(lái)。人類(lèi)學(xué)家過(guò)去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島上的波利尼西亞人的祖先來(lái)自何方，當(dāng)?shù)厝说膫髡f(shuō)卻告訴人們：其中一部分是約在2000年前從印度尼西亞遷來(lái)的。但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此，有關(guān)他們的傳說(shuō)既使有如今也失傳了。于是，考古學(xué)家們既缺乏歷史記載，又無(wú)口頭傳說(shuō)來(lái)幫助他們弄清最早的“現(xiàn)代人”是從哪里來(lái)的。然而，幸運(yùn)的是，遠(yuǎn)古人用石頭制作了工具，特別是用燧石，因?yàn)殪菔^之其他石頭更容易成

7、形。他們也可能用過(guò)木頭和獸皮，但這類(lèi)東西早已腐爛殆盡。石頭是不會(huì)腐爛的。因此，盡管制造這些工具的人的骨頭早已蕩然無(wú)存，但遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代的石頭工具卻保存了下來(lái)。Lesson2Sparethatspider不要傷害蜘蛛不要傷害蜘蛛WhyyoumaywondershouldspidersbeourfriendsBecausetheydestroysomanyinsectsinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemieso

8、fthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossiblefustoliveinthewldtheywoulddevourallourcropskillourflocksherdsifitwerenotftheprotectionwegetfrominsecteatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherki

9、llonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Meoverunlikesomeoftheotherinsecteatersspidersneverdotheharmtousourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsectsasmanypeoplethinknevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglan

10、cefaspideralwayshaseightlegsinsectnevermethansix.HowmanyspidersareengagedinthiswknoourbehalfOneauthityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersingrassfieldinthesouthofEnglheestimatedthatthereweremethan2250000inoneacrethatissometh

11、inglike6000000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyfatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykillbuttheyarehungrycreaturesnotcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.

12、IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.參考譯文你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得奇怪，蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx(chóng)，其中包括一些人類(lèi)的大敵，要不是人類(lèi)受一些食蟲(chóng)動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲(chóng)就會(huì)使我

13、們無(wú)法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲(chóng)會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。我們要十分感謝那些吃昆蟲(chóng)的鳥(niǎo)和獸，然而把它們所殺死的昆蟲(chóng)全部加在一起也只相當(dāng)于蜘蛛所消滅UlyanovsknearwhereshelivesinAprilshewasgivenaseriesoftestsbyaspecialcommissionoftheMinistryofHealthoftheRussianFederalRepublic.Duringthesete

14、stsshewasabletoreadanewspaperthroughanopaquescreenstrangerstillbymovingherelbowoverachildsgameofLottoshewasabletodescribethefigurescoloursprintedonitinanotherinstancewearingstockingsslipperstomakeoutwithherfoottheoutline

15、scoloursofapicturehiddenunderacarpet.Otherexperimentsshowedthatherkneesshouldershadasimilarsensitivity.DuringallthesetestsVerawasblindfoldindeedexceptwhenblindfoldshelackedtheabilitytoperceivethingswithherskin.Itwasalsof

16、oundthatalthoughshecouldperceivethingswithherfingersthisabilityceasedthemomentherhswerewet.參考譯文俄羅斯最近報(bào)導(dǎo)了幾個(gè)事例，有人能用手指看書(shū)識(shí)字和辨認(rèn)顏色，甚至能透過(guò)厚實(shí)的門(mén)和墻看到東西。其中有一例談到有一個(gè)名叫維拉.彼托洛娃的11歲學(xué)生。她的視力與常人一樣，但她還能用皮膚的不同部位辨認(rèn)東西，甚至看穿堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁。是她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她這一功能的。一天

17、，維拉走進(jìn)父親的辦公室，偶然把手放在一個(gè)鎖著的保險(xiǎn)柜的門(mén)上，她突然問(wèn)父親為什么把這么多的舊報(bào)紙鎖在柜子里，還說(shuō)了報(bào)紙捆扎的情況。維拉的特異功能引起了她家附近烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克城一個(gè)科研單位的注意。4月里，俄羅斯衛(wèi)生部一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)對(duì)她進(jìn)行了一系列的測(cè)試。在這些測(cè)試中，她能隔著不透明的屏幕讀報(bào)紙。更為奇怪的是，她把肘部在兒童玩的“羅托”紙牌上移動(dòng)一下，便能說(shuō)出印在紙牌上的數(shù)字和顏色。還有一次，她穿著長(zhǎng)筒襪子和拖鞋，能用腳步識(shí)別出藏在地毯下面的

18、一幅畫(huà)的輪廓和顏色。其他實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，她的膝蓋和雙肩有類(lèi)似的感覺(jué)能力，在所有這些實(shí)驗(yàn)中，維拉的雙眼都是蒙著的。如果不蒙上雙眼她的皮膚就不再具有識(shí)別物體的能力。這是千真萬(wàn)確的。同時(shí)還發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管她能用手指識(shí)別東西，但她的手一旦弄濕，這種功能便會(huì)立即消失。Lesson5Youth青年青年P(guān)eoplearealwaystalkingabouttheproblemofyouth.IfthereisonewhichItakeleavetodoubtth

19、enitisolderpeoplewhocreateitnottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeingspeoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanayoungone:theyoungmanhasagliousfuturebef

20、ehimtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:maybethatiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenagerIfeltthatIwasjustyounguncertainthatIwasanewboyinahugeschoolIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foneth

21、ingbeingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentitythatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedomtheynotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsloveofcomft.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimb

22、erstheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlifetheiginsofthings.Itsasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybe

23、conceitedillmanneredpresumptuousfatuousbutIdonotturnfprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectofeldersasifmereagewereareasonfrespect.IacceptthatweareequalsIwillarguewithhimasanequalifIthinkheiswrong.參考譯文人們總是在談?wù)摗扒嗄陠?wèn)題”。如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題存

24、在的話請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度那么，這個(gè)問(wèn)題是由老年人而不是青年人造成的。讓我們來(lái)認(rèn)真研究一些基本事實(shí)：承認(rèn)青年人和他們的長(zhǎng)輩一樣也是人。老年人和青年人只有一個(gè)區(qū)別：青年人有光輝燦爛的前景，而老年人的輝煌已成為過(guò)去。問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)恐怕就在這里。我十幾歲時(shí)，總感到自己年輕，有些事拿不準(zhǔn)我是一所大學(xué)里的一名新生，如果我當(dāng)時(shí)真的被看成像一個(gè)問(wèn)題那樣有趣，我會(huì)感到很得意的。因?yàn)檫@至少使我得到了某種承認(rèn)，這正是年輕人所熱衷追求的。我覺(jué)得年輕人令人振奮，