2018年西南財經大學經貿外語學院808英語語言文學基礎之語言學教程考研基礎五套測試題

1、20182018年西南財經大學經貿外語學院年西南財經大學經貿外語學院808808英語語言文學基礎之英語語言文學基礎之語言學教程考研基礎五套測試題語言學教程考研基礎五套測試題一、Explainthefllowingterms1ConceptualismItistheviewwhichholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticfmwhatit【答案】referstoratherinthein

2、terpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.2Idiolect【答案】Justaseveryspeechcommunityhasadialecteveryspeakerhashisownpetwdsexpressionsspecialwayofexpressinghisideasinlanguage.Thislanguagevariet

3、yofindividualusersiscalled“idiolect”3Prefix【答案】Inlinguisticsaprefixisatypeofaffixthatprecedesthemphemestowhichitcanattach.Prefixesareboundmphemes（theycannotoccurasindependentwds）.Whilemostlanguagesemploybothprefixessuffi

4、xesprefixesarelesscommon.Somelanguagesemploymostlysuffixesalmostnoprefixesatall.Theuseofprefixeshasbeenfoundtocrelatestatisticallywithotherlinguisticfeaturessuchasaverbobjectwddertheuseofprepositions.4Backfmation【答案】Back

5、fmationreferstoanabnmaltypeofwdfmationwhereashterwdisderivedbydeletinganimaginedaffixfromalongerfmalreadyinthelanguage.Fexamplethewd“television”appearedbefe“televise”，sodoes“edit”to“edit”.5CMC【答案】Itiscomputermediatedcomm

6、unicationdistinguished2005）9WhatmakeslanguageuniquetohumanbeingsThedesignfeaturesoflanguagewhichrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage【答案】tellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageanysystemofanimalcommunication.Arbitrari

7、nessisacefeatureoflanguagewhichmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningssounds.Dualitywhichmeansthepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructuressuchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondaryleveleacho

8、fthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesofganization.Creativitymeanslanguageisresourcefulbecauseofitsdualityitsrecursiveness.Becauseofdualitythespeakerisabletocombinethebasiclinguisticunitestofmaninfinitesetofsentencesmostofwhic

9、hareneverheardbefe.Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentnotpresentrealimaginedmattersinthepastpresentfutureinfarawayplaces.Soallthesefeaturesmakelanguageuniquetohumanbeings.三、Synthesis10How

10、isbehaviouristpsychologyrelatedtolinguisticsFBloomfieldlinguisticsisabranchofpsychologyspecificallyofthepositivistic【答案】brofpsychologyknownas“behaviourism”.Behaviourismisaprincipleofscientificmethodbasedonthebeliefthathu

11、manbeingscannotknowanythingtheyhavenotexperienced.Behaviourisminlinguisticsholdsthatchildrenlearnlanguagethroughachainof“stimulusresponsereinfcement”，theadult’suseoflanguageisalsoaprocessof“stimulusresponse”.Whenthehehav

12、iuuristmethodologyenteredlinguisticsviaBloomfield’swritingsthepopularpracticeinlinguisticstudieswastoacceptwhatanativespeakersaysinhislanguagetodiscardwhathesaysaboutit.Thisisbecauseofthebeliefthatalinguisticdeionwasreli