[雙語翻譯]國際貿(mào)易專業(yè)外文翻譯—全球貿(mào)易與國際貿(mào)易體系透視（全文翻譯）

1、字數(shù)：英文 字數(shù)：英文 4898 4898 單詞， 單詞，26079 26079 字符；中文 字符；中文 8500 8500 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Keck Keck A, A, Hancock Hancock J, J, Nee Nee C. C. Perspectives Perspectives for for Global Global Trade Trade and and the the International Int

2、ernational Trading Trading System[J]. System[J]. Wirtschaftsdienst, Wirtschaftsdienst, 2018, 2018, 98(1): 98(1): 16-23. 16-23.外文文獻： 外文文獻： Perspectives for Global Trade and the International Trading SystemAbstract The au

3、thors review current developments and future prospects for international trade, arguing that despite the recent slowdown, trade remains an important driver of economic growth and development. Scepticism towards further t

4、rade opening needs to be addressed, notably via appropriate domestic adjustment policies. One challenge to advancing further global economic integration lies in the rapid transformation of trade itself and the nature of

5、remaining barriers. The authors highlight new models of trade cooperation that can help to make progress at the global level while accommodating countries‘ diverse interests and levels of development.IntroductionGlobal t

6、rade is at a historic crossroads. For 60 years after the Second World War, trade grew faster than economic output – clear evidence that the world economy was becoming ever more open and integrated – as countries steadily

7、 broke down the economic barriers between them in a succession of multilateral and regional initiatives. Moreover, this process of trade-led integration – or globalisation – seemed to be accelerating. With the conclusion

8、 of the Uruguay Round, the expansion of the EU, the creation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the accession of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), trade expanded at almost existing system –

9、 so far – to come to grips with this newest trade frontier. While the world trading system proved highly successful in opening up trade in goods and raw materials – helping to drive 20th century globalisation – it has so

10、 far proved much less successful at opening trade in services, digitalised products or data flows – the new drivers of 21st century globalisation. Having said this, recent signs of the emergence of new models of trade co

11、operation and rulemaking – overseen by new constellations of actors – suggest that the world economy may be on the cusp of a new wave of trade liberalisation, integration and globalisation.Current situation and future ec

12、onomic and trade scenariosWorld trade growth was remarkably weak for several years following the global recession and trade collapse of 2009. Although trade rebounded strongly in 2010, merchandise trade volume growth ave

13、raged just 2.7 % per year over the next six years, including a 1.4 % increase in 2016. This pace of expansion is well below the 4.7 % average rate of growth since 1980, not to mention the 6.0 % average for 1990 to 2008 l

14、eading up to the financial crisis (Figure 1).Trade growth slowed not only in absolute terms but also relative to GDP. This is seen in the declining income elasticity of trade, defined as the ratio of world merchandise tr

15、ade volume growth to world real GDP growth at market exchange rates (represented by grey diamonds in Figure 1). Between 1980 and 2008, world trade grew twice as fast as world GDP, producing an average elasticity of 2.1,

16、but this fell to 0.9 during 2011 to 2016, as trade and output expanded at similar rates. The persistence of weak trade growth and low trade elasticities raised concerns about whether world trade might have permanently lo

17、st its dynamism.Economists have attributed the trade slowdown to a variety of cyclical and structural factors, including the maturation of global value chains (GVC), a reduced pace of trade liberalisation since the 1990s