[雙語翻譯]綠色稅收外文翻譯--基于環(huán)境稅的可持續(xù)環(huán)境保護方法的綜合建模

1、4800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，2.6 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 7900 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Qayum A, Gupta A, Gupta A, et al. Environmental taxation based integrated modeling towards sustainable environmental conservation approach[J]. Environmental Systems

2、Research, 2016, 5(1): 23.Environmental taxation based integrated modeling towards sustainable environmental conservation approachAbdul Qayum, Anjana Gupta, Akanksha Gupta and Rakesh AryaAbstractBackground: Globalization

3、and rapid industrialization was inevitable during late nineteenth century considering the demand–supply deficit and requirements of evolving societies. However, at later stage these factors were mapped to be major reason

4、s for the environmental pollution. Further, at the cost of environment degradation, development and economic growth cannot be achieved. The objective of the work is to design a green taxation policy to mitigate hazardous

5、 environmental impacts of various sectors and to visualize the benefits which can bridge the socio-economic divide prevalent, especially in developing nations. The approach is amalgamation of EIA based approach on the en

6、ergy research institute criteria and environment-energy, economy.Results: Integrated model is based on the principle that the tax rate has to be commensurate with the environmental damages which any project causes and it

7、 was found that both economic growth and environmental pollution are synchronous. Growth and development related projects cannot be compromised because of increased demands. Therefore, there has to be fine balance betwee

8、n development and conservation.Conclusions: The policies may be designed on the model discussed to bring out optimal contribution of industry sector towards generating resources for economic growth and to bridge socio-ec

9、onomic divide. Green taxation proves to be deterrent tool towards environmental degradation and optimal energy utilization.Keywords: De novo approach, Energy-economy-environment, Environmental conservation, Environmental

10、 impact assessment, Green taxation, Socio-economic growthBackgroundIt is widely argued that there is huge economic development pressure among developing nations to address increased need of the people, where resources ar

11、e scarce (Narula and Dunning 2000). Scarcity compounds the pressure on environment due to maximal utilization of natural resources. And, India is not an exception as it is second most populous country in the world. As pe

12、r an estimate, it is very likely to overpass China by 2040 to occupy the apex position in the population pyramid (McDevitt 1996). It is argued that energy consumption varies directly with population increase (John and Pa

13、ul 1974). India will be under tremendous pressure to increase its energy demand to meet its overriding social and economic obligations due to burgeoning population. Therefore, environmental conservation by mitigating eff

14、ects of various effluents and pollutants becomes inevitable. Taxation proved to be a deterrent towards reducing the energy demand by improving energy intensity. In Europe, fuel demand would have been twice if it had not

15、followed the policy of high fuel taxation (Sterner 2007).In European Union (EU), it was found that industries that reduce pollution increase its resource productivity and switch to renewable sources is highly encouraged.

16、 In Turkey, a second (TERI), New Delhi (Qayum and Gupta 2014). TERI has developed “Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment” system which is an evaluation tool and maintains a resource efficient built environment (

17、GRIHA 2010). It evaluates environmental performance of a building holistically over its entire life cycle, thereby providing definitive standards for what constitute a ‘green building’. The scope of the current paper is

18、 restricted to tax incentive model for the effective mitigation of the environmental damage caused by the construction industry considering the limitation of TERI–GRIHA criteria. The global pressure acting inward and Ind

19、ia’s moral obligation to reduce the emission level makes this study much more relevant and it adopts integrated modeling by considering energy–economy–environment dynamics together of computable general equilibrium (C

20、GE) model.MethodsThe presented model is primarily based on triad of environment-energy-economy (ENVEEM) model (Gurkan 2003) in conjunction with de-novo approach of environmental taxation. Former is dynamic CGE modeling b

21、ased on interaction among the triads (Fig. 1) while the latter is formulation of integration of TERI guideline with proposed environmental taxation policy (Fig. 2). CGE is the principal analytical tool offered for conduc

22、ting economic analyses of energy, economy and the environment. There exist two simultaneous equilibriums of ‘government to producers’ and ‘producers to consumers’ with surrounding parameters as in Fig. 1. In first equili

23、brium, supply of commodity and green tax imposition with revenue is an input from various sectors such as energy, technology matrix; intermediate goods etc. while in second equilibrium; supply of capital, labor and suppl

24、y of commodities play a key variable role. ENVEEM model involves parallel interaction of consumer to government via producers,while, producer is nerve center of the model incorporating numerous inflows and bidirectional

25、flows from both consumer and the government epicenters. In the mean process, imposition of indirect green taxes comes into the picture from which TERI-based model evolves.Fig. 1 ENVEEM model for imposition of indirect gr

26、een taxesThe energy research institute criteria are point based (total-106 and mandatory-30) and some are optional in nature. There is additional score (bonus) for covering these aspects of environmental conservation (Ta