[雙語翻譯]遠(yuǎn)程教育外文翻譯--遠(yuǎn)程教育領(lǐng)域的問題與決策（英文）

1、 Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 131 ( 2014 ) 111 – 117 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com1877-0428 © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and pee

2、r-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of WCETR 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.088 ScienceDirectWCETR 2013 Problems And Decision In The Field Of Distance Education Safiullin Lenara*, Fatkhiev Art

3、urb, Saipullaev Ullubic, Bagautdinova Nailya d a b c d Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia Abstract Article is devoted to actual problem of modern education - to distance learning. The main objective of artic

4、le - to prove and reason distance learning as new form of education. The article gives analysis of forms of education, gives main directions of development of distance learning are, and shows differences of distance le

5、arning from the traditional. It allocates problems solved by students and teachers in distance learning. It is shown that efficiency of distance learning is defined by use of pedagogical technologies which underlie des

6、ign and implementation of remote courses. The conclusion that distance learning can be considered as independent form of education because possesses essential differences which can't be implemented in a traditional

7、 form is drawn © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of WCETR 2013. Keywords: distance learning, open university, information tech

8、nology 1. Introduction Distance learning, having arisen at the end of the 20th century, enters 21 century as one of the most effective and perspective systems of specialists training. Emergence and active distribution of

9、 remote forms of education is an adequate response of education systems of many countries to processes of integration occurring in the world, movement to information society. Consortia of the leading universities repre

10、senting a wide range of remote educational services are created in Europe and North America. So, DE association unites in its structure five thousand educational institutions in the USA. UNESCO conducts work on the org

11、anization of the virtual distributed university training in which will take place in virtual space, regardless of moving and borders, without restrictions * Corresponding author: Safiullin Lenar Tel: +7 (904) 665–6310

12、E-mail address: lenar_s@mail.ru © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of WCETR 2013.113Safiullin Lenar e

13、t al. / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 131 ( 2014 ) 111 – 117 a second higher education or to complete retraining; the persons, wishing to increase the qualification in any field of knowledge; persons

14、 with limited freedom of movement: disabled people; the Russian-speaking population in CIS countries and foreign countries. 2. DE technique DE is especially effective for the following categories of trainees: the most c

15、apable students who already possess essential knowledge and want to complete educational program in a short time; trainees who want to combine study with a business activities; the trainees, wishing to execute special

16、educational programs consisting of courses, provided by various educational institutions, including educational institutions of different countries; the trainees who have been geographically isolated from educational r

17、esources required by it; the persons, wishing to change profession; the persons who haven't got finished educations in youth; persons who prepare for entrance to college or university; the persons, seeking to find

18、opportunity to fill the gaps in separate courses; mobile students; children of foreign workers, military or constantly migrating families; the trainees having physical, physiological or emotional problems; special stud

19、ents, that is those who seriously is engaged in art, with sports and doesn't wish to interrupt education. The main idea of of distance education technique is creation of the educational information environment inc

20、luding computer information sources, electronic libraries, video and audio collections, books and manuals. Component of such educational environment are both trainees, and the teachers which interaction is carried out b

21、y means of modern telecommunications. Such educational environment gives to trainees unique opportunities for acquiring of knowledge both independently, and under the guidance of teachers. While developing training co

22、urses emphasis is placed on independent work of trainees their collective creativity, carrying out mini researches of various level. A large number of tasks for individual study is provided, with possibility of receivi

23、ng consultations daily. World experience of distance education shows that at such organization of educational process, interaction of trainees and teachers on individual basis happens much more often and more effective

24、ly, than at other forms. “The ideal model“ of DE represents integrated environment, with role definition of various components - methodical, organizational, pedagogical and technological - such, as printing materials,

25、broadcasting, television and use of computers. 3. Economic expediency of DE The system of developing distance learning is economically expedient both for the state budget, and for trainees, in particular with transitio

26、n to the international level. Use of high-quality training programs, materials, information resources by the widest range of trainees reduces training cost. Possibility of concentration of intellectual and financial

27、 resources on creation of widely duplicated high-quality training materials and programs causes high level of professionalism of the trained that is economically sound for each state. Due to the absence of “walls“ in

28、 open educational institutions maintenance costs of buildings and hostels are reduced. Expenses on moving to study and accommodation place are absent or significantly cut down. Opportunity to combine production activi

29、ty and training, make training of that part of population which can't or doesn't want to interrupt a production activity economically possible. DE development is necessary not only to educational institutions o

30、f new type, but also to traditional universities. First, to expand the range of provided services and to solve economic problems. Secondly, to sustain competition from other, nonconventional developers of training cour

31、ses both from their region, and from other regions and even the countries. DE divisions at traditional universities work, as a rule, at the principles of self-sufficiency. Achievement of effect of economy from the sca