[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]高層建筑外文翻譯（英文）

1、ScienceDirectAvailable online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.comScienceDirectEnergy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published b

2、y Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.Energy Procedia 138 (2017) 411–4161876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Publis

3、hed by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 2017 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies. 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.10.186

4、69; 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 2017 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies.Avai

5、lable online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of th

6、e Organizing Committee of 2017 AEDCEE. 2017 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies 2017 AEDCEE, 25‐26 May 2017, Bangkok, Thailand Waste generated in high-rise buil

7、dings construction: A current situation in Thailand Poombete Thongkamsuka, Krichkanok Sudasnab*, and Tusanee Tondeeb a Rattanakosin College for Sustainable Energy and Environment, RMUTR, Thailand b Faculty of Architectu

8、re and Design, RMUTR, Thailand Abstract The construction industry is one of the key economic development activities in Thailand. An increasing of the construction sector also contributed to the increasing of environment

9、al pollution. It was estimated about 13-30% of all solid waste deposition in landfills worldwide comprised construction and demolition waste. The international researches were showed that the construction industry gene

10、rated high volume or quantities of material waste often attributed to the lack of on-site material control. Consequently, reducing construction waste was becoming a key environmental issue in the building construction i

11、ndustry. This paper aimed to provide an overview of waste generated in high-rise buildings construction and the situation of construction waste management in Thailand. By investigating the statistical information on c

12、onstruction waste and waste management of high-rise building projects, the analysis of environmental impacts was conducted to identify the most potential materials for minimizing construction waste. © 2017 The Aut

13、hors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of 2017 AEDCEE. Keywords: Keywords: Construction Waste Management, CWM, Sustainable of Environment, high-rise buildings Const

14、ruction *Corresponding author. Tel.: +666000 -441-2, +662-8894585. E-mail address:krichkanok.s@rmutr.ac.th 1.Introduction Over the past ten years, Thailand has enjoyed exceptionally rapid economic growth, achieving a G

15、ross Domestic Product ( GDP) growth of up to 3-5 % annually ( http: / / www. tradingeconomics. com/ thailand/ gdp/ forecast) [ 1] . As seen in Fig. 1. Available online at www.sciencedirect

16、.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of 2017 AE

17、DCEE. 2017 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies 2017 AEDCEE, 25‐26 May 2017, Bangkok, Thailand Waste generated in high-rise buildings construction: A current sit

18、uation in Thailand Poombete Thongkamsuka, Krichkanok Sudasnab*, and Tusanee Tondeeb a Rattanakosin College for Sustainable Energy and Environment, RMUTR, Thailand b Faculty of Architecture and Design, RMUTR, Thailand Ab

19、stract The construction industry is one of the key economic development activities in Thailand. An increasing of the construction sector also contributed to the increasing of environmental pollution. It was estimated ab

20、out 13-30% of all solid waste deposition in landfills worldwide comprised construction and demolition waste. The international researches were showed that the construction industry generated high volume or quantities o

21、f material waste often attributed to the lack of on-site material control. Consequently, reducing construction waste was becoming a key environmental issue in the building construction industry. This paper aimed to pro

22、vide an overview of waste generated in high-rise buildings construction and the situation of construction waste management in Thailand. By investigating the statistical information on construction waste and waste manag

23、ement of high-rise building projects, the analysis of environmental impacts was conducted to identify the most potential materials for minimizing construction waste. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

24、 Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of 2017 AEDCEE. Keywords: Keywords: Construction Waste Management, CWM, Sustainable of Environment, high-rise buildings Construction *Corresponding author. Te

25、l.: +666000 -441-2, +662-8894585. E-mail address:krichkanok.s@rmutr.ac.th 1.Introduction Over the past ten years, Thailand has enjoyed exceptionally rapid economic growth, achieving a Gross Domestic Product ( GDP) gr

26、owth of up to 3-5 % annually ( http: / / www. tradingeconomics. com/ thailand/ gdp/ forecast) [ 1] . As seen in Fig. 1. Poombete Thongkamsuk et al. / Energy Procedia 138 (2017) 411–416 413

27、For Thailand, no agency is directly responsible for this data collection for estimating construction waste. Only the building permit data collected by the National Statistic Office in 2014. Area of building constructio

28、n ( New Construction Addition and Alteration) by type of building and area whole kingdom is include Municipal Areas and Non-municipal is total area approximately 7 2, 837,337 m2. The top five of the building categories

29、 is Residential Building, Condominium, Office Building, Residential (Flat/Apartment/Dormitory) and Commercial Building. More than 80% are high-rise buildings construction. From the total area of construction permit as

30、mentioned above as seen in Fig. 2 Fig. 2 Area of building construction by type of building and area whole kingdom: 2015 Is total area approximately 72,837,337 m2 of were permitted for construction. Therefore, approximat

31、ely 4,200,595.85 tons of building–related construction waste were generated in Thailand in 2014. The inevitable result was negatively on the environment will occur during construction. And the landfill area is not enou

32、gh for the volume of construction waste. By C&D waste generation in high-rise buildings construction was based on the survey on construction projects. The top ten of C&D waste generation found in high-rise buil

33、dings construction was concrete, tiles, ceiling, steel, wood, materials package, aluminum, plastic, glass, and sand etc. There were a lot of environmental impacts and pollution generation in different fields as seen in

34、 Table 1 3. Current Practice of C&D Waste Management in Thailand 3.1 Current Practice of C&D Waste Management from Construction Company C&D wastes generation from high-rise buildings construction sites are

35、mainly composed of concrete, steel, sand and wood. The amounts of C&D waste generated vary from site to site and depend on the design by architectures, construction material management, storage, and expertise of th

36、e workers on site. In general, construction companies segregated only reusable and recyclable C&D debris such steel left from the cut off, framework wood for reuse and steel and aluminum scrap for recycle. The res

37、t of C&D waste after segregation, such as concrete debris and the cut off piles were mixed with other types of waste will be disposed as fill material. Transportations of C&D waste was operated by construction

38、 companies themselves or by hiring others to remove and dispose C&D waste off-sites. The reusable and recyclable C&D waste were stored at construction sites or transferred and kept at company warehouses. Most

39、of construction sites have limited area for construction material storage and not available for C&D waste segregation. Some sites need to rent vacant land nearby for site storage. Also site managers did not realize

40、the benefit of C&D waste segregation and believe that waste time and money. Therefore, major problems of C&D waste segregation are the limited available areas and attitude of site managers toward C&D waste

41、 segregation. 72,837,337 44,688,683 6,731,074 12,004,917 4,059,828 1,534,428 3,818,407 100.00%61.35%9.24%16.48%5.57%2.11%5.24%-20,000,00040,000,00060,000,00080,000,000TotalResidential BuildingCondominiumOffice BuildingRe