外文翻譯--使用真空膜蒸餾系統(tǒng)處理礦井水（英文）

1、 APCBEE Procedia 5 ( 2013 ) 157 – 162 2212-6708 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological Mine water; Vacuum membrane

2、distillation; Water treatment. 1. Introduction Coal mining has been an important industry in many parts of the world including Australia. Large amounts of brackish water need to be pumped out to the surface from the work

3、ings of mines and good quality water is Corresponding author. Tel.: +61-2-42213055; Fax: +61-2-42214644. E-mail address: siva@uow.edu.au. Available online at www.sciencedirect.com© 2013 The Authors. Published by El

4、sevier B.V. Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering SocietyOpen access under CC BY-NC-ND license.Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.159M. Siv

5、akumar et al. / APCBEE Procedia 5 ( 2013 ) 157 – 162 3. Materials and MethodsIn the VMD process, mine water in contact with feed side of the membrane is vaporized th t rough thepermeate side which is then condens

6、ed back into liquid state. The VMD system is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Mine water is heated and circulated through the membrane module by a digitally controlled Masterflex peristaltic pump. The Emflon PFR filter car

7、tridge (Pall, Australia) contains a double layer PTFE membrane which is hydrophobic, chemically inert and designed for removal of bacteria and viruses acts as a barrier between aqueous and gas phases. The surface area a

8、nd pore diameter of the membrane module are 0.8 m2 and 0.2 μm, respectively. A vacuum pump (Javac) is used to create a vacuum pressure through the condenser at the permeate side of the membrane.Fig. 1. VMD experimental

9、 arrangementThe effect of feed water temperature was investigated in this study by varying the temperature between 55to 75 C. The effect of feed water flow rate on flux was analyzed during experimentation, initially test

10、ing flow rates of 500 to 2000 mL/min. The vacuum pressure was varied between 5 to 20 kPa (abs) by incorporating a valve onto the vacuum pump and the flux response was investigated. Initial feed solution is made up of NaC

11、l using varying concentrations (0-21 g/L) in order to simulate fresh, brackish and seawater. Finally, saline mine water collected from a local mine site located in Appin NSW was used.4. Results and DiscussionExperiments

12、 were first carried out using distilled water and saline solutions that were made by combiningNaCl with distilled water. The variation of flux permeation rate with temperature, feed flow rate, vacuum pressure and salinit

13、y of feed water is investigated while in each test other parameters remained constant with a vacuum pressure of 5 kPa, feed f water temperature of 65 C, feed water flow rate of 1000 mL/min and salinityconcentration of 0

14、g/L. Feed water temperature had a considerable effect on vapor permeation flux for a given set of experimental conditions as shown in Fig. 2(a). The experimental data fits well with the modeled permeate flux using equat

15、ion 1. It is clear that both the experimental and modeled flu f x steadily rises as feedwater temperature increases. This can be attributed to the fact that water vapor pressure as a driving force for water vaporization

16、 increases with rise in temperature. Fig. 2(b) illustrates that an increase in absolute pressure on the permeate side of the membrane results in a severe decline in permeate flux rate due to a significant reduction in t

17、he driving force for transmembrane flux. These results are consistent with the equation 1 and many of the findings in the literature [5].Experimental data show a small increase in flux with varying flow rate and this ob