外文翻譯--可持續(xù)城市污水處理系統(tǒng)及其在中國(guó)的應(yīng)用（英文）

1、Resources, Conservation and Recycling 51 (2007) 284–293Sustainable urban sewerage system and its application in ChinaZhang Jie, Cao Xiang-Sheng ?, Meng Xue-ZhengKey Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Wat

2、er Environment Restoration Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, ChinaReceived 4 August 2006; received in revised form 30 September 2006; accepted 4 October 2006 Avai

3、lable online 1 March 2007AbstractChina is facing water crisis. More than 400 cities are lacking enough water resources and more than half rivers are polluted. To realize sustainable development in the 21st century, we sh

4、ould first provide enough water resources to every person and keep a friendly, leisurely water environment. Under the idea of sustainability, a concept for a sustainable urban sewerage system (SUSS) is put forward in thi

5、s article. An urban sewerage system cannot only be a basic facility for draining rainwater and wastewater to protect the urban environment and public water bodies, but must also contribute to the restoration of the water

6、 environment in order to maintain a healthy social water cycle. A SUSS should be the basis for urban water reuse and recycling as well as the focus of water resource regeneration in a watershed and the centre of the recy

7、cling of nutrients. SUSS practices in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Beijing region in China are introduced. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Water; Resources; Wastewater; Reuse; Sustai

8、nability; China1. IntroductionWater resources in China are scarce. According to China Bulletin of Water Resources published by China Ministry of Water Resources, in 2004, the total amount of water? Corresponding author a

9、t: No. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, College of Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China. Tel.: +86 10 67392579; fax: +86 10 67392579. E-mail address: cao0531@bjut.edu.cn (X.-S. Ca

10、o).0921-3449/$ – see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.10.001286 J. Zhang et al. / Resources, Conservation and Recycling 51 (2007) 284–293Rhine River in the 20th cen

11、tury is a typical illustration (Carel, 1998). The improvements in living conditions of city inhabitants were obtained at the price of pollution of the water environment. Research and practices of wastewater treatment tec

12、hnology began in the early 20th cen- tury with a starting condition in which the rivers and lakes were badly polluted. During the past century, the technologies associated with wastewater treatment advanced dramati- call

13、y with the removal of pollutants, including suspended solids and organics, subsequently nitrogen and phosphates and finally micropollutants, such as disinfection byproducts and hormone-like substances (Henze, 1997). Curr

14、ently, the functions of urban sewerage systems are as follows: (1) transport rainwater and wastewater outside a city as soon as possible to protect against floods and prevent the spread of epidemics; (2) treat municipal

15、wastewater to reach or exceed the standards of state or local regulations.2.2. The pattern of sustainable urban sewerage systems in the 21st centuryThe above-mentioned functions of urban sewerage systems were formed unde

16、r the hypothesis that water resources were abundant enough to splurge and that the rivers or lakes that wastewater was dumped into had enough capacity for self-purification. This hypoth- esis was supported when populatio

17、ns were not very large or centralized and industries were underdeveloped. As industries developed, people became increasingly centralized and metropolitan areas emerged. At this time traditional urban sewerage systems co

18、uld only protect the area within cities. The regions around the cities were badly polluted by wastewater and other wastes produced by the townspeople. From the perspective of the restoration of entire watersheds, urban s

19、ewerage systems are part of the overall hydrological cycle. The function of urban sewerage systems should be reevaluated and new missions should be espoused. Urban sewerage systems should play an importantroleinahealthyw

20、atercycleandinsustainableurbanconstruction.Ifwecomparea city to a human body, water can be thought of as blood. The water supply system is analogous to the arteries and the wastewater system is analogous to the veins. A

21、wastewater treatment plant could be considered as analogous to the liver because of the plant’s role in purifying urban wastewater. Urban sewerage systems are of necessity responsible for wastewater collection, transport

22、ation, purification and reclamation. An urban sewerage system is the key factor for closing the urban water cycle. The function of an urban sewerage system in the 21st century should shift from tradi- tional waterlogging

23、 prevention to the establishment of wastewater recycling, sustainable utilization of water resources and watershed restoration. This new urban sewerage system is called a sustainable urban sewerage system (SUSS) in this

24、article and a sketch of its key features is shown in Fig. 1. A typical SUSS has four modern features described as follows:(1) It is the basis for urban water reuse and recycling. A SUSS has the duty of pro- ducing reclai

25、med wastewater as a steady secondary urban water resource. Reclaimed wastewater can be used as cooling water for industry, irrigation water for landscaping, flowing water for rivulet regeneration and for any other applic