疲勞駕駛外文翻譯---駕駛疲勞的檢測與防治技術

1、附錄 附錄E 外國文獻翻譯 外國文獻翻譯E-1 E-1 外國文獻 外國文獻TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE MONITORING AND PREVENTION OF DRIVER FATIGUE Anneke Heitmann, Rainer Guttkuhn, Acacia Aguirre, Udo Trutschel, Martin Moore-Ede Circadian Technologies, Inc. Lexing

2、ton, MA 02421, USA Abstract:A series of driving simulation pilot studies on various technologies for alertness monitoring (head position sensor, eye-gaze system), fitness-for-duty testing (two pupil-based systems), and a

3、lertness promotion (in-seat vibration system) has been conducted in Circadian Technologies' Alertness Testbed. The results indicate that, all tested technologies show promise for monitoring/testing or preventing driv

4、er fatigue, respectively. However, particularly for fatigue monitoring, no single measure alone may be sensitive and reliable enough to quantify driver fatigue. Since alertness is a complex phenomenon, a multi-parametric

5、 approach needs to be used. Such a multi-sensor approach imposes challenges for online data interpretation. We suggest using a neural-fuzzy hybrid system for the automatic assessment of complex data streams for driver fa

6、tigue. The final system output can then be used to trigger the activation of alertness countermeasures. INTRODUCTIONDriver fatigue has become acknowledged as the most significant safety hazard in the transportation indus

7、try. This has stimulated an extensive international research program on driver fatigue causes and countermeasures. A recent comprehensive analysis of the world’s literature shows the emphasis is moving from investigation

8、s of causes to studies of specific countermeasures. Before 1993 only 20% of published work was on countermeasures, but now the balance has changed with 63% of current projects focusing on countermeasures. This driver fat

9、igue literature database has recently been compiled and made publicly available and searchable on the Internet by Circadian Technologies (www.circadian.com).The most active area of research has become the development and

10、 validation of technological tools for measuring and preventing driver fatigue. Circadian Figure 2: Eye-Gaze System. Reflection Eye Backround (1), Cornea (2) and Fovea (3) Fitness-for-duty technologies. Two potential fit

11、ness-for-duty systems were tested. Both systems use pupillometric measures (Figures 3 and 4). SafetyScope (Eye Dynamics, Inc.), originally designed for alcohol and drug testing, uses a 90-second test to record pupil diam

12、eter and eye movement parameters while the test person fixates on a light displayed in the device. The test results are compared to the individual’s baseline and classified into the categories passed, failed and invalid.

13、 The Mayo Pupillometry System, originally developed for the clinical assessment of narcoleptic patients, uses a 15-minute pupillogram recording to compute parameters of hippus (rhythmic dilation and contraction of the pu

14、pil), miosis (pupil constriction) and blink rate. Figure 3: SafetyScope System Figure 4: Mayo Pupillometry System Fatigue countermeasure technologies. An in-seat vibration system was tested as a potentia

15、l driver fatigue countermeasure. This TACTTM technology (InSeat Solutions, LLC) was applied in two different delivery modes: random signal and triggered signal (initiated online by the experimenter based on behavioral sl

16、eepiness signs such as prolonged eye closures). The CTI Alertness Testbed Circadian Technologies’ Alertness Testbed uses a multi-parametric approach including performance measures in driving simulator and other vigilance

17、 tasks, physiological sleepiness measures (EEG microsleep events), behavioral signs of sleepiness (e.g., prolonged eye closures, multiple blinks, head nodding, yawning etc.), and subjective sleepiness measures (e.g., Vis

18、ual Analog Sleepiness Scales, Thayer Activation-Deactivation Checklist). Typically, the driver alertness testbed is used to simulate driver fatigue in overnight protocols with sleep deprived volunteers motivated by payme