偵查訊問中的錯案防范.pdf

1、中文摘要中文摘要最近幾年，一系列情節(jié)嚴(yán)重的刑事錯案接二連三的被媒體曝光，刑事錯案發(fā)生的原因主要是偵查訊問程序在運行上發(fā)生了偏差。杜培武案和余祥林案極為典型。杜培武案揭示了偵查訊問中存在嚴(yán)重的刑訊逼供，佘祥林案揭示了偵查訊問中存在筆錄失真的現(xiàn)象。偵查訊問階段產(chǎn)生錯案的原因總體上有以下幾種：落后訴訟觀念根深蒂固，口供至上的取證觀積習(xí)難改和有罪推定的偵查觀積重難返；沉默權(quán)制度的缺失導(dǎo)致我國的“如實回答”實質(zhì)為自證其罪；律師偵查訊問在場權(quán)的缺失

2、使得律師在場權(quán)在我國法律中無從體現(xiàn)；我國偵查訊問監(jiān)督機制缺乏強制的程序約束，導(dǎo)致監(jiān)督機制弱化；筆錄失真掩蓋了不當(dāng)訊問，對犯罪嫌疑人的供述有選擇的記錄，隱匿誘導(dǎo)過程形成符合需要的筆錄。防范偵查訊問中出現(xiàn)錯案：需要轉(zhuǎn)變訴訟觀念，從口供本位觀到物證本位觀的轉(zhuǎn)變，使無罪推定的偵查觀深入人心；需要建構(gòu)中國式沉默權(quán)，我國司法實踐中曾出現(xiàn)過中國式沉默權(quán)制度，開啟了沉默權(quán)在我國確立的大門，很多學(xué)者對此持肯定態(tài)度，沉默權(quán)應(yīng)該是有限度的沉默權(quán)，只能對涉及案

3、件事實的信息享有沉默權(quán)，對其他非涉案信息不享有沉默權(quán)：需要確立偵查訊問中律師在場權(quán)制度，律師在場權(quán)制度可以防止庭審中被告人翻供，從而節(jié)省了司法資源，隨著人權(quán)保障的觀念日益增強，很多人盼望確立律師在場權(quán)制度，偵查訊問律師在場權(quán)的具體內(nèi)容初期應(yīng)以形式律師在場權(quán)為主，實質(zhì)律師在場權(quán)為輔，以后逐漸發(fā)展為實質(zhì)律師在場權(quán)的模式；需要建構(gòu)偵查訊問同步監(jiān)督，逮捕后應(yīng)立即將犯罪嫌疑人送到看守所這一法律規(guī)定為偵查訊問同步監(jiān)督提供了場所的可行性，我國最高檢察

4、院推行了“檢察引導(dǎo)偵查”的改革措施為偵查訊問同步監(jiān)督帶來了曙光，偵查訊問同步監(jiān)督的具體內(nèi)容是充分發(fā)揮駐所檢察員的監(jiān)督作用，對訊問過程要全程監(jiān)督并在訊問筆錄中簽名；需要確立自白補強規(guī)則，我國目前的證據(jù)規(guī)則研究成果豐富，VI供不能定案原則日益受到重視，為自白補強規(guī)則的確立提供了濃厚的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍，自白補強規(guī)則的具體內(nèi)容是要對自白證據(jù)補強，筆錄與筆錄之間不具有證據(jù)補強作用，補強證據(jù)的落腳點應(yīng)在錄音錄像上，對AbstractAbstractInre

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6、curredininvestigationandinterrogationDuPeiwucaserevealedserioustorturetogetconfessionsexistininterrogation，SheXianglinrevealedtranscriptsdistortionininterrogationCausesofmisjudgedcaseinthestageofinvestigationandinterroga

7、tionarethefollowing：Behindthelitigationideaingrained，forensicsandinvestigationconfessionfirstviewtheideaofguiltisserious；lackoftherightofsilenceinChina，thetruthfullyanswerisIhaveguilt；lackoftherightoflawyerpresenceininve

8、stigationandinterrogation，inthepresencerightoflawyernotinourlegalsupervisioninterrogation；investigationsupervisionmechanismofourcountrylackofproceduralconstraint，ledthecontrolmechanismreduction；distortionconcealimproperi

9、nterrogationrecord，choosethethesaidofsuspecttorecord，concealedinductionprocessbecometheneedoftherecordformTopreventtheoccurrenceofmisjudgedcaseinvestigationandinterrogation：needtochangethelawsuitidea，fromtheviewoftestimo

10、nystandardtochangebasedontheinvestigationofevidence，letpeopleknowtheideaofinnocence；toconstructtherightofsilenceChina，thesilencerightChinatypeinthejudicialpracticeofourcountryhadtherightofsilencesystem，openthethedooronth

11、erighttosilence，alotofscholarssupportthisideaThespecificcontentoftherighttosilenceisthelimitedrighttosilence，therightofsilenceisusedtothefactsofthecase，theotherinformationdoesnotenjoytherightofsilence；toestablishtheright

12、oflawyerpresenceininvestigationandinterrogation，lawyerpresencerightcanpreventthede佗ndantinthetrialevidence，inordertocutdownjudicialresources，theideaofprotecthumanrightsisenhancedgraduallyalotofpeoplelookforwardtoestablis