元代農業(yè)災害研究.pdf

1、⑧nq——j』￡—一々q—墊鰱U螋墮一南京應黃戈蓬碩士學位論文元代農業(yè)災害研究龔光明指導教師塹匱壘越擐專業(yè)名稱—————童』L衛(wèi)———一研冠方向生凰絲疊害答辯日期三QQ土至古且摘要STUDY0NTHEAGRICULTIⅡ≮AI，DISASTERSINYUANDYNASTYABSTRACTTheagriculturaldisastersinYuanDynastyh張nedfrequentlyalmostallkindsofdisaster

2、shappenedThereweremanydifferencesamongthemeteorological，organicandenvironmentaldisastersTheyhappenedveryunevenlyTheyhadsomecharacteristicsincommonsuchashighfrequencymanybig，continuousandgroupdisastersSomanydisastersbecau

3、seofnotonlynaRudlfactors，butalsosocialcauses，especiallythelargescalestationedtroopsandfellingforests，theseseriouslydamagedthevegetationsonthe叫thlsgillfaceandhadagreateffectontheagriculturaldisasters，besidestheabove，makin

4、gfarmlandsbycirclinglakes、exorbitanttaxes、corruptpolitics、frequentwarsandanumberofhungryandpoorpeopleexisting，etc，allthesemadeastormyseastormiere虢ctonthedisastersinYuanDynastyInordertokeepthesocietysteadyandsafeguardthei

5、rruletherulerspaidmuchattentiontoaidingthevictimsofthedisastersandforestallingdisastersTheyestablishedspecialorganizationsforrelievingthevictimsandsupervisingTheymadelawsandconcrctestandardstopunishtheofficialswhowereirr

6、esponsibleforrelievingthevictimsofdisastersTheyregulatedtheordersofreporting、inspecting、examiningandsupervisingdisasters，andthetimeofr印ortingdisastersandthestandardsofrelievingThewaysofrelievingandtheoriginsofthemoneyand

7、grainsforrelievingwerecarriedfromthoseoftheformerdynasties，butitseffortsweregreaterthantheirs，SOitseffectswcreabitbetterTherulershadstrongideasofforestallingdisasters，someofthewaysofforestallingweresummedupandcarriedfrom

8、theformerdynasties’，andsomewereinnovatedaswellTheidea“attachingimportancetoagriculture”hadaprocessofdevelopinggraduallyfrom‘thecompleteeconomyofmovingaboutinsearchofpastures”、‘‘initiativelyrealizingtheimportanceoffarming

9、economy’to‘payingattentiontothefarmingeconomy”Duringthetime，therulersdrewupmanyIawstodevelopagricultureandrestrictanimalhusbandryTheypaidmuchattentiontoa鰣cultureandsilkwormbreeding，besides“CollectionofImportantContentsof