外文翻譯--帶式輸送機保護裝置的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　帶式輸送機保護裝置的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　帶式輸送機是在廠礦企業(yè)中廣泛應(yīng)用的一種物料輸送設(shè)備，主要由輸送帶和驅(qū)動電機以及支承設(shè)備、控制和保護裝置等組成。通常由若干條帶式輸送機互相級聯(lián)交叉組成一套完整的輸送系

2、統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)物料的長距離輸送。</p><p>　　帶式輸送機的運行狀況直接關(guān)系到生產(chǎn)過程中設(shè)備和人員的安全。如何使帶式輸送機保護裝置高效、可靠、穩(wěn)定地在生產(chǎn)運行中充分發(fā)揮作用有著十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。</p><p>　　本文討論的對象主要是拉繩開關(guān)、跑偏開關(guān)、打滑開關(guān)、撕裂開關(guān)、料流開關(guān)、堵料開關(guān)等帶式輸送機的一次保護裝置。</p><p>　　1 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及存在的問

3、題</p><p><b>　　1.1 拉繩開關(guān)</b></p><p>　　拉繩開關(guān)是用于帶式輸送機緊急停機的一種現(xiàn)場操作保護裝置。目前廣泛應(yīng)用的拉繩開關(guān)一般為無源機械式雙向拉繩開關(guān)，主要有旋轉(zhuǎn)式凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)和移動式凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)兩種。由于旋轉(zhuǎn)式凸輪結(jié)構(gòu)的拉繩開關(guān)擺桿旋轉(zhuǎn)時動作行程大、靈敏度高且不易卡死，故目前被更多地采用。</p><p>　　拉繩開

4、關(guān)按照一定間隔（約40m）固定安裝于帶式輸送機兩側(cè)支架上，相互之間系上拉繩。緊急情況下，可以在帶式輸送機沿線任意位置拉動拉繩，觸發(fā)開關(guān)動作實現(xiàn)緊急停機。拉繩開關(guān)動作后的復(fù)位方式分為自動復(fù)位和手動復(fù)位兩種。</p><p>　　拉繩開關(guān)通常都有常閉、常開接點各1個，一般使用常閉接點。由于拉繩開關(guān)數(shù)量較多，為了節(jié)省電纜，通常一條帶式輸送機所有拉繩開關(guān)的常閉接點串聯(lián)后接入帶式輸送機的分合閘控制回路；對于很長的帶式輸送機

5、，有時采用將沿線拉繩開關(guān)分段分組接入的方式。</p><p><b>　　1.2 跑偏開關(guān)</b></p><p>　　跑偏開關(guān)是用于檢測帶式輸送機運行過程中輸送帶跑偏程度并進行報警的一種保護裝置，有時也用于在輸送帶嚴(yán)重跑偏時自動觸發(fā)緊急停機。目前廣泛應(yīng)用的跑偏開關(guān)一般為無源機械式兩級跑偏開關(guān)。</p><p>　　跑偏開關(guān)按照一定間隔（約50

6、m）固定安裝于帶式輸送機兩側(cè)支架上，跑偏開關(guān)的滾輪部分在受到偏離中心運轉(zhuǎn)的輸送帶的邊沿擠壓后產(chǎn)生偏轉(zhuǎn)，當(dāng)滾輪偏轉(zhuǎn)到一定角度時觸發(fā)開關(guān)接點動作。</p><p>　　通常一條帶式輸送機所有的跑偏開關(guān)常閉接點串聯(lián)后接入帶式輸送機的分合閘控制回路或者報警指示裝置中；對于很長的帶式輸送機，有時采用將沿線跑偏開關(guān)分段分組接入的方式。</p><p><b>　　1.3 打滑開關(guān)</b

7、></p><p>　　打滑開關(guān)是用來檢測輸送帶與傳動滾筒之間的滑動并進行報警的一種保護裝置，可用于在輸送帶發(fā)生打滑時自動觸發(fā)緊急停機。打滑是一種較為嚴(yán)重的故障現(xiàn)象，原因可能是超載、輸送帶受卡阻、斷帶、滾筒卡死、驅(qū)動電機轉(zhuǎn)速異常等等，如不及時停機可能引起設(shè)備嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞、火災(zāi)以及人身傷害等嚴(yán)重事故。</p><p>　　打滑開關(guān)的種類比較多，工作原理和檢測方法也各有不同。比如按照檢測方法

8、劃分，有直接檢測輸送帶速度并與設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)速度比較的觸輪式打滑開關(guān)，有檢測從動輪轉(zhuǎn)速并與設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)速比較的打滑開關(guān)，有同時分別檢測滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速和輸送帶速度并進行比較的對比式打滑開關(guān)；按照內(nèi)部工作原理分，有磁阻式、磁電式、光敏式等等。部分打滑開關(guān)裝置還能夠?qū)崟r提供輸送帶線速度或滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速的信號顯示和輸出。</p><p><b>　　1.4 撕裂開關(guān)</b></p><p>

9、　　撕裂開關(guān)是檢測輸送帶縱向撕裂并報警的一種保護裝置，可用于在輸送帶發(fā)生撕裂時自動觸發(fā)緊急停機。大部分撕裂發(fā)生在輸送帶尾部落料斗出口，由于物料中的大塊硬物卡在落料斗出口而刮傷甚至刮穿輸送帶，有些撕裂的發(fā)生常常是由于輸送帶支架和托輥變形等原因造成的。</p><p>　　按照不同的檢測手段和工作原理劃分，有安裝于輸送帶下方的光電式和導(dǎo)電橡膠式撕裂開關(guān)；有安裝于輸送帶下方的拉線式開關(guān)；有安裝于輸送帶尾部落料斗出口的擋

10、板式撕裂開關(guān)；此外，還有振動感應(yīng)式撕裂開關(guān)等等。</p><p><b>　　1.5 料流開關(guān)</b></p><p>　　料流開關(guān)是檢測輸送帶上是否有物料的保護裝置，有的產(chǎn)品可區(qū)分不同流量大小，在流量超大時還可以提供超載報警。料流開關(guān)有時還用來觸發(fā)降塵除塵設(shè)備如水噴淋裝置和除塵器等聯(lián)鎖工作。</p><p>　　按照不同的檢測手段和工作原理劃

11、分，主要有安裝在輸送帶上方的懸臂式或鏈錘式料流開關(guān)、安裝在輸送帶下方的稱重式料流開關(guān)兩種。</p><p><b>　　1.6 堵料開關(guān)</b></p><p>　　堵料開關(guān)是安裝在落料斗或儲料倉內(nèi)檢測料位的一種保護裝置。帶式輸送機系統(tǒng)中兩條輸送機之間通常是通過管狀落料斗連通，運行中當(dāng)落料斗出口因各種原因受堵時物料會很快堵滿整個落料斗乃至大量溢出。在落料斗的中上部位置

12、安裝堵料開關(guān)可以在堵料事故發(fā)生的初期報警并可自動觸發(fā)緊急停機，從而避免大量堵料造成的輸送帶打滑、驅(qū)動電機過載等嚴(yán)重后果。</p><p>　　堵料開關(guān)按照不同的檢測手段和工作原理劃分，主要有阻旋式、射頻導(dǎo)納式、電極式、音叉式、活動擋板式、負(fù)壓式等多種形式。</p><p><b>　　2 問題總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　從調(diào)查情況可以看出

13、，大部分產(chǎn)品在實際應(yīng)用中都存在不少問題，國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品長期以來缺乏改進也使得很多問題一直沒有得到徹底解決。多年來，國產(chǎn)品牌相互之間低價競爭導(dǎo)致了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和售后服務(wù)質(zhì)量都不能令用戶滿意，而煤炭、電力、石化、港口等行業(yè)的用戶對設(shè)備的性能和質(zhì)量要求很高，他們常常寧可花幾倍甚至十幾倍于國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品的價格選擇國外進口品牌產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　總體來說，國內(nèi)帶式輸送機保護裝置產(chǎn)品存在功能單一、性能落后、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、外形粗糙、可靠性

14、差等缺點。高端產(chǎn)品市場基本被國外品牌瓜分，國內(nèi)尚沒有具備較強競爭力和影響力的品牌。另外，缺少行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也是國內(nèi)帶式輸送機保護裝置產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量良莠不齊的一個重要原因。</p><p>　　事實上，帶式輸送機保護裝置產(chǎn)品的市場需求十分巨大，國內(nèi)廠家只要改變觀念，狠抓質(zhì)量，充分利用最新技術(shù)，根據(jù)市場需求不斷開發(fā)出新的產(chǎn)品，必定可以搶回國外品牌占領(lǐng)的高端市場。</p><p><b>　　3

15、改進及發(fā)展方向</b></p><p>　　結(jié)合近年來出現(xiàn)的一些新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用情況看，帶式輸送機保護裝置有以下發(fā)展趨向。</p><p>　　第一，發(fā)展帶式輸送機綜合保護自動化系統(tǒng)。發(fā)展智能化保護裝置，使現(xiàn)場保護裝置具備通信功能；應(yīng)用通信和地址編碼技術(shù)，集中對安裝在現(xiàn)場的整個帶式輸送機系統(tǒng)的所有保護裝置進行監(jiān)視和控制，實現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)方狀態(tài)顯示以及遠(yuǎn)方復(fù)位等功能。</p>

16、;<p>　　帶式輸送機綜合保護自動化系統(tǒng)與帶式輸送機控制系統(tǒng)互相連接通訊，參與到整個帶式輸送機控制系統(tǒng)的邏輯控制過程中，可充分發(fā)揮保護裝置的作用。</p><p>　　目前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的帶式輸送機保護系統(tǒng)主要側(cè)重于集中通信和信號采集功能，各個現(xiàn)場保護裝置的智能化開發(fā)和應(yīng)用比較少，有部分廠家采用單片機技術(shù)開發(fā)了智能式拉伸開關(guān)、智能式跑偏開關(guān)等.</p><p>　　第二，發(fā)展一體

17、化、小型化帶式輸送機保護裝置。結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、安裝簡便、性能可靠、免維護是未來各種狀態(tài)檢測裝置發(fā)展的必然方向。</p><p>　　第三，應(yīng)用新的檢測技術(shù)和檢測手段，針對當(dāng)前帶式輸送機保護裝置使用過程中的缺點和不足，開發(fā)更能有效反映輸送機運行狀態(tài)的、性能更為可靠和穩(wěn)定的保護裝置。</p><p>　　針對實際應(yīng)用中接觸式測量方式存在的缺點，可以盡量采用非接觸式測量技術(shù)手段，以減少對現(xiàn)場工藝流程的

18、影響，并可以大大延長保護裝置的使用壽命、減輕檢修維護的負(fù)擔(dān)，如非接觸型的感應(yīng)式跑偏開關(guān)和感應(yīng)式料流開關(guān)等。</p><p>　　針對一般打滑開關(guān)不能全過程檢測輸送帶打滑的不足，可以采用同時檢測帶式輸送機的主動輪滾筒、從動輪滾筒以及輸送帶的運行速度是否一致的方式，檢測輸送機從啟動到運行、到停止的全部過程中輸送帶的不同位置是否發(fā)生打滑。</p><p>　　針對料流開關(guān)只能單點測量的缺點，可以

19、將皮帶秤的實時流量和帶速以及物料流向相結(jié)合，在工業(yè)控制計算機的人機界面上通過軟件技術(shù)合成與現(xiàn)場相一致的流量動態(tài)曲線，更為形象具體地顯示現(xiàn)場輸送帶</p><p>　　的物料的流量流速以及不同位置的物料多少。 </p><p>　　以上分別從功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、性能等方面探討了帶式輸送機保護裝置的發(fā)展方向。有不少廠家已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了一些功能先進的產(chǎn)品，但是要能夠獲得市場認(rèn)可還必須提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、加大推廣力

20、度?？偠灾?，帶式輸送機保護裝置的發(fā)展必須要、也必然會與檢測技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)以及自動化控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展緊密結(jié)合。</p><p><b>　　4 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　目前我國廠礦企業(yè)正處在從粗放型向集約型、從勞動密集型向技術(shù)密集型模式轉(zhuǎn)變的過程之中，如何在減少人員投入的情況下，又能保證生產(chǎn)安全、增加效率和效益、提高自身的市場競爭力，是擺在每個企業(yè)面前的一個

21、重要課題。包括帶式輸送機保護裝置在內(nèi)的狀態(tài)檢測裝置的改進必定能夠提高廠礦企業(yè)設(shè)備運行的可靠性、穩(wěn)定性，并最終體現(xiàn)為生產(chǎn)效率的提高。</p><p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　Application and development of the conveyer protector</p><p><b>　　Fo

22、reword</b></p><p>　　The bringing type conveyer is that a kind of supplies employed in the industrial enterprise extensively transport the apparatus, mainly made up of conveyer belt and driving the elec

23、trical machinery and supporting the apparatus, control and protector,etc.. Usually one grade of antithetical couplets make up an intact conveyer system alternately each other by several strip type conveyers, realize the

24、transport at a long distance of the supplies.</p><p>　　The operation conditions directness of the bringing type conveyer concerns the security for producing apparatus and personnel in the course. How make co

25、nveyer protector of bringing etc. high-efficiently and reliably and steadily in produce operate, functioning, having important realistic meaninging very fully.</p><p>　　The target that this text discusses is

26、 mainly a pull switch, run, lean towards switch, skid switch, tear, split open, imprison, material flow switch, stop up material switch first protector of conveyer of bringing etc..</p><p>　　Current applicat

27、ion situations and existing problem.</p><p>　　Pull switch used for person who bring conveyer first kind of emergency shutdown operate protectors live. The pull switch employed extensively at present is gener

28、ally a passive machinery type two-way pull switch, mainly have rotating type two kinds cam structure and portable cam structure. Movement journey loud, the sensitivity is high and difficult to be seized rotate, because o

29、f cam pull switch pendulum rod of structure of rotating etc., so adopted more at present.</p><p>　　Pull switch fixed to install on conveyer both sides support of bringing etc. according to certain interval (

30、about 40m), tie and draw the rope each other. Under the emergency, can arbitrary seat pulls and plays the rope in conveyer of bringing etc., touch off switch movements and realize emergency shutdown. The way of restoring

31、 to the throne after the movements of the pull switch is divided into and reset automatically and is restored to the throne two kinds manually.</p><p>　　Pull switch usually often closes, often turns on each

32、one in the joint, use and often close the joint the same. Because there is more quantity of pull switches, for save cable, one strip type conveyer all pull switch close joint insert person who bring divide-shut brake of

33、conveyer control the return circuit connect in series, often usually; As to long conveyer of bringing etc. very, adopt, divide into groups the way to insert by stage along the line pull switch sometimes.</p><p

34、>　　1.2 Run and lean towards the switch</p><p>　　Run, lean towards switch used for, measure conveyer operation course of bringing etc. conveyer belt run intensity of leaning towards and go on a kind of pro

35、tector that call the police, used in touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt simply runs seriously too sometimes. What employ extensively runs and leans towards the switch and generally runs

36、and leans towards the switch for passive machinery type two grades at present.</p><p>　　Run and lean towards the switch to install fixedly on the bringing type conveyer both sides support according to certai

37、n interval (about 50m), run gyro wheel part to lean towards switch deviate from border of conveyer belt that centre turn round produce the deflection pinch, touch off the joint movements of the switch when it is transfer

38、red to certain angle that the gyro wheel leans towards.</p><p>　　Usually one strip to run, lean towards switch close joint insert person who bring divide-shut brake of conveyer control return circuit or call

39、 the police, point out device connect in series, often all conveyer; As to long conveyer of bringing etc. very, adopt, run, lean towards switch divide into groups in the way to insert by stage along the line sometimes<

40、;/p><p>　　1.3 Skid turn on or off</p><p>　　Skid switch to used for, measure conveyer belt with transmission sliding of cylinder and go on a kind of protector that call the police, can be used in

41、touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt skids. It is a kind of comparatively serious trouble phenomenon to skid, the reason may overload, the conveyer belt is hindered, taken brokenly by the

42、card, the cylinder is seized and urging the rotational speed of the electrical machinery to unusually wait a moment, for instanc</p><p>　　Kinds of the switch are many to skid, operation principle and detecti

43、on method have nothing in common with each other. Divide according to detection method, have, measure conveyer belt pace and touching, skidding switching while being wheeled compared with standard pace established direct

44、ly, measure from the rotational speed of the driving wheel and switch of skidding compared with standard rotational speed established, have difference measure cylinder rotational speed and conveyer belt pace and</p>

45、;<p>　　1.4Tear and split open and close</p><p>　　It is to measure a longitudinal a kind of protector that tore and called the police of conveyer belt to tear and split open and shut in, can be used in

46、 touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt is torn. Majority tear, take place, in conveyer belt tail clan hopper export, scratch, blow, wear conveyer belt even because the heavy hard things in

47、the supplies are blocked and fallen in the hopper exit, it is with support and asking the reason out of shape of the roller to ca</p><p>　　Divide according to different detection means and operation principl

48、e, have, install on transport with below photoelectricity type and conductive rubber type tear, split open, imprison; Install and draw the line type switch in the conveyer belt low; Have, install on conveyer belt tail cl

49、an hopper export blocking modes in Chinese operatic music tear, split open, imprison; In addition, there are vibration reaction types that are torn and split open and shut in etc..</p><p>　　1.5 The material

50、flows and turns on or off</p><p>　　Material flow switch to measure conveyer belt pay, have protectors of supplies, some products can distinguish different flow size, can also offer and overload to call the p

51、olice when the flow is oversize. Material flow switch used for, touch off dustfall cleaner such as water spray equipment and dust remover,etc. interlock and work also sometimes.</p><p>　　Divide according to

52、different detection means and operation principle, have, install in transport with top cantilever type or chain hammer type material flow switch, install material two kinds of switches shed in conveyer belt low person wh

53、o weigh mainly.</p><p>　　1.6 Stop up the material switch</p><p>　　Stop up material switch to install in hopper of falling or store material measure material a kind of protector of location in th

54、e storehouse. Conveyer system of bringing etc. two conveyer fall through tube hopper feed through usually, supplies will stop up full to set the hopper and even overflow in a large amount entirely quickly when falling in

55、 the hopper exit and is stopped up for various reasons operate. In fall upper position install, stop up material switch can stop up material to be that </p><p>　　Stop up the material switch to divide accordi

56、ng to different detection means and operation principle, have, hinder person who fasten mainly, radio frequency lead person who receive, electrode type, tuning fork type, activity block modes in Chinese operatic music, n

57、egative pressure type various forms.</p><p>　　2 questions are summarized</p><p>　　From investigate situation may find out the majority of product store problems in of practical application, dome

58、stic products lack, improve, make a lot of problems not solved completely for a long time. For many years, domestic brand low price competition cause product quality and after sale service quality can make user to be sat

59、isfied each other, and performance and quality to the apparatus of user in the coal, electricity, petrochemical industry, port,etc. are expected very much, they would r</p><p>　　On the whole, person who brin

60、g conveyer protector products have function single, performance lag behind, structure complicated, appearance coarse, dependability shortcoming such as being poor at home. The advanced product market is basically dismemb

61、ered by foreign countries brand, there is not a brand with stronger competitiveness and influence yet at home. In addition, it is a very different important reason of bringing type conveyer protector product quality at h

62、ome too to lack the sector stan</p><p>　　In fact, the bringing type conveyer protector market demand of the products is very enormous, the domestic producer only changes the idea, take charge of quality seve

63、rely, fully utilize the latest technology, developing the new products constantly according to market demand, can certainly reseize the advanced market that the foreign brand is being captured.。</p><p>　　3 i

64、mprove and developing direction</p><p>　　Accord with some application situations of new technologies and new products presented in recent years and see, the bringing type conveyer protector has the following

65、 developing trend.</p><p>　　First, the development bringing type conveyer protects the automated system synthetically. Develop the intelligent protector, make the on-the-spot protector possess the communicat

66、ion function; Employ communication and address code technology, concentrate on to install whole of person who bring in scene conveyer protectors of systems monitor and control, realize the function of restoring to the th

67、rone in the status display of distant place and distant place etc..</p><p>　　Second, development integrates, the miniaturization bringing type conveyer protector. Structural compactness, installing simply an

68、d conveniently, performance is reliable, non-maintaining is that various states of future measure the inevitable direction of development of device.</p><p>　　Third, employ new detection technique and detecti

69、on means, until person who bring conveyer protector use shortcoming and deficiency of course at present, developing can reflect operation state of the conveyer, protector with more reliable and more steady performance ef

70、fectively</p><p>　　4 conclusions</p><p>　　Until to intensive, among technology-intensive mode course that change from extensive style of our country industrial enterprise at present, how in a si

71、tuation that reducing, personnel put into, can guarantee the production safety, increase efficiency and benefit, raise one's own competitiveness of market, it is an important subject in front of each enterprise. The

72、state including bringing type conveyer protector can certainly improve dependability, stability that the apparatus of industrial ent</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Dang Kun, Power Flow Modelin

73、g of the Servo System for AEG Steering Gear, Proceedings of the 3rd Nationwide Chinese Youth Symposium on Mechanical Engineering. Beijing, Mechanical Industry Publisher, 1998,11:135-138 (in Chinese).</p><p>