水泥廠設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--新型干法水泥廠純低溫余熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)與調(diào)試

1、<p>　　新型干法水泥廠純低溫余熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)與調(diào)試</p><p>　　郭量 萬(wàn)清蓉 成都建材工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司(610021)</p><p>　　摘要 成都建材工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司總承包建設(shè)的云南保山昆鋼嘉華公司3 000 t／d7J~ 己生產(chǎn)線純低溫余熱發(fā)電站獲得成功。水泥窯佘熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)在某種程度上受制于水泥熟料燒成系統(tǒng)，該項(xiàng)目的熱力系統(tǒng)根據(jù)CD

2、c燒成系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)選擇了單壓系統(tǒng)。佘熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)時(shí)間可與熟料生產(chǎn)線同步設(shè)計(jì)同步建設(shè)，也可同步設(shè)計(jì)分步建設(shè)，各有利弊。對(duì)于同步設(shè)計(jì)同步建設(shè)的余熱發(fā)電站的安裝調(diào)試要與燒成系統(tǒng)的安裝調(diào)試相結(jié)合，科學(xué)合</p><p><b>　　理地安排。</b></p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 水泥廠 佘熱 發(fā)電 建設(shè) 調(diào)試</p><p><b>

3、;　　0引言</b></p><p>　　云南保山昆鋼嘉華水泥有限公司3 000 t／d水泥生產(chǎn)線配套4．5 MW純低溫余熱發(fā)電機(jī)組于2008年4月5日正式并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，在并網(wǎng)后24 h內(nèi)發(fā)電功率順利提升至4 420 kW，目前系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備處于正常運(yùn)行狀態(tài)中。該水泥生產(chǎn)線由成都建材工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司(以下簡(jiǎn)稱成都院)設(shè)計(jì)，余熱發(fā)電項(xiàng)目由成都院采用工程總承包模式進(jìn)行建設(shè)，充分利用了成都院在國(guó)內(nèi)外水泥生產(chǎn)線

4、工程總承包的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，并結(jié)合對(duì)新型干法水泥窯和余熱發(fā)電的設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)完成，創(chuàng)造了良好的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。下面就該項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)單介紹新型干法水泥窯余熱電站在總承包模式下的熱工設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試和運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　l水泥窯佘熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)特點(diǎn)</p><p>　　水泥窯余熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)一方面必須嚴(yán)格按照電力行業(yè)的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范執(zhí)行，一方面又和常規(guī)電站的建設(shè)有不同之處。</p><

5、;p>　　由于此類(lèi)電站是通過(guò)水泥窯廢熱回收利用發(fā)電，首先得保證以水泥熟料生產(chǎn)為主，在保證水泥熟料質(zhì)量、產(chǎn)量和綜合能耗的前提下，以合適的投資、合理的設(shè)計(jì)、可靠的施工和調(diào)試來(lái)提高余熱利用效率。因此體現(xiàn)在水泥窯余熱發(fā)電站的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)時(shí)機(jī)、運(yùn)行模式等方面和常規(guī)電站又略有不同，在某種程度上都受制于主生產(chǎn)線。</p><p>　　目前的水泥窯余熱發(fā)電基本都采取從窯頭冷卻機(jī)和窯尾預(yù)熱器C。筒抽取廢氣，該類(lèi)廢氣具有流量

6、大、品位較低、易波動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn)，采用純低溫余熱發(fā)電需要可靠的技術(shù)和較高要求的設(shè)備來(lái)保證。由于水泥生產(chǎn)工藝流程、原料特性、主機(jī)設(shè)備選型、氣候條件等諸多因素影響，相同規(guī)模的水泥生產(chǎn)線，其余熱品質(zhì)和余熱量也不盡相同，盡管余熱發(fā)電的基本理論和技術(shù)一致，但其余熱發(fā)電站的裝機(jī)容量、配置、系統(tǒng)參數(shù)、設(shè)備性能和特性也不完全相同，因此在余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)上，只有根據(jù)窯系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際工況和主機(jī)設(shè)備特性(如預(yù)熱器、窯尾高溫風(fēng)機(jī)、篦冷機(jī)、窯頭廢氣風(fēng)機(jī)等)選擇合適的

7、熱工系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和布置，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的由熟料產(chǎn)量或者噸熟料發(fā)電量來(lái)作為依據(jù)，并且最終綜合分析投運(yùn)后的熟料熱耗、電耗、發(fā)電功率，還要參考具體的鍋爐進(jìn)出口煙溫、阻力、汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電效率等來(lái)驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)的合理性，這是和常規(guī)電站的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)不同的地方。</p><p>　　成都院在總承包模式下根據(jù)CDC燒成系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，在余熱發(fā)電的熱工設(shè)計(jì)和設(shè)備配置上采取了合理的方案，并在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中得到了充分的驗(yàn)證。</p><p&

8、gt;<b>　　2電站主機(jī)設(shè)備配置</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)對(duì)窯系統(tǒng)工況和主機(jī)設(shè)備的綜合分析及評(píng)定采用了以下主要配置：</p><p><b>　　(1)AQc鍋爐：</b></p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣量 117500Nm3／h</p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣溫度 350℃<

9、/p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣濃度 50g／Nm]</p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣負(fù)壓 ~<800Pa</p><p>　　鍋爐出口煙氣溫度 ～105℃</p><p><b>　　鍋爐總漏風(fēng)率 2％</b></p><p>　　名義蒸發(fā)量 9．5咖</p><p>　

10、　額定蒸汽壓力 1．25 MPa</p><p>　　額定蒸汽溫度340℃</p><p>　　省煤器^口給水溫度170℃</p><p>　　排煙溫度 ～105℃</p><p>　　本鍋爐立式布置，蒸汽段(過(guò)熱器+蒸發(fā)器+省煤器)屬于自然循環(huán)，熱水段屬于強(qiáng)制循環(huán)，受熱面采用錯(cuò)列布置形式，爐墻采用輕型護(hù)板。</p><p

11、><b>　　(2)sP,l~：</b></p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣量 216250NmTh</p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙氣溫度 320℃</p><p>　　鍋爐人口煙塵濃度 100g／Nm3</p><p>　　鍋爐出口煙氣溫度 ~217℃</p><p>　　鍋爐煙氣總阻力&l

12、t;~800Pa</p><p><b>　　鍋爐總漏風(fēng) ≤5％</b></p><p>　　名義蒸發(fā)量 13．8咖</p><p>　　額定蒸汽壓力 1．25MPa</p><p>　　額定蒸汽溫度 310℃</p><p><b>　　給水溫度 165℃</b></

13、p><p>　　本鍋爐主體屬于立式自然循環(huán)余熱鍋爐。結(jié)合實(shí)際情況及其具體結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，采用機(jī)械振打裝置予以清灰。采用輕型護(hù)板爐墻，為降低鍋爐漏風(fēng)系數(shù)，不影響水泥生產(chǎn)和穩(wěn)定發(fā)電，爐墻人孔、穿墻管、爐墻護(hù)板接縫、爐外集箱處的密封等均進(jìn)行了精心設(shè)計(jì)和施工。</p><p><b>　　(3)汽輪機(jī)組：</b></p><p>　　選用汽耗低的高效率低品位熱能

14、利用汽輪機(jī)，用合理的通流系統(tǒng)和特殊末級(jí)葉片提高末級(jí)蒸汽含濕量，提高了汽輪機(jī)內(nèi)效率，降低汽耗。同時(shí)在汽輪機(jī)輔助系統(tǒng)中采取措施確保較低的排汽壓力，如增大凝汽器換熱面積等來(lái)保證汽耗低、熱效率高的性能。</p><p>　　型式：N4．5—1．25／310型單缸、低壓、沖動(dòng)、凝汽式，</p><p>　　額定功率：4500kW；</p><p>　　額定進(jìn)汽壓力：1．25

15、MPa，最高1．4 MPa，最低1．1 1VlPa!</p><p>　　額定進(jìn)汽溫度：310℃，最高335℃，最低295℃；</p><p>　　額定進(jìn)汽量：～24．45脅；</p><p>　　排汽壓力：0．0081VlPa}</p><p>　　額定轉(zhuǎn)速：3 000r／min；</p><p>　　汽耗：5．42

16、6 KJ/KW·h。</p><p>　　在熱力系統(tǒng)上采用了單壓系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)窯系統(tǒng)余熱特點(diǎn)和最終AQC爐在熟料產(chǎn)量、熱耗和發(fā)電功率都正常時(shí)，排煙溫度<80℃ 的結(jié)果證明，該項(xiàng)目采用單壓系統(tǒng)是一種合適的選擇。</p><p>　　同時(shí)，該系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)單、設(shè)備數(shù)量少、自用電量少，設(shè)備運(yùn)行可靠且投資省、技術(shù)成熟，便于操作、運(yùn)行、管理和維護(hù)。在大部分水泥企業(yè)對(duì)發(fā)電了解和熟悉程度不深的條

17、件下，減少了電站管理和運(yùn)行的難度。該電站操作人員在原本對(duì)余熱發(fā)電不了解的情況下，通過(guò)總包方的培訓(xùn)后，在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就能獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行操作。</p><p>　　3水泥窯余熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)時(shí)機(jī)和主生產(chǎn)線的協(xié)調(diào)</p><p>　　水泥窯余熱發(fā)電站的建設(shè)和熟料生產(chǎn)線的建設(shè)可以采取同步設(shè)計(jì)、同步建設(shè)的方式，或者同步設(shè)計(jì)、分步建設(shè)的方式，具體要根據(jù)企業(yè)、施工單位情況而定，各有利弊。</p>

18、<p>　　在設(shè)計(jì)水泥熟料線的同時(shí)，必須提前做好余熱發(fā)電的初步設(shè)計(jì)和規(guī)劃。把熟料線和余熱發(fā)電交由一家設(shè)計(jì)單位設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)系統(tǒng)匹配是有利的，更易保證合理合適的系統(tǒng)方案。</p><p>　　對(duì)于新建的熟料生產(chǎn)線，同步建設(shè)余熱發(fā)電站，即在窯尾窯頭設(shè)備安裝未完全結(jié)束時(shí)，進(jìn)行AQC、SP爐的安裝，這樣可以充分利用施工吊裝機(jī)具和資源，縮短鍋爐安裝周期，但是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工協(xié)調(diào)量加大，安全憂患也增加，同時(shí)鍋爐的調(diào)試必須在窯系統(tǒng)

19、正常運(yùn)行后才能進(jìn)行，有可能造成施工單位窩工和總體工期延長(zhǎng)。汽輪機(jī)系統(tǒng)的安裝可以獨(dú)立地進(jìn)行。</p><p>　　分步建設(shè)即是在所有窯系統(tǒng)完工后獨(dú)立進(jìn)行鍋爐的安裝(老生產(chǎn)線增加余熱發(fā)電)，減少了同步建設(shè)的弊端，但同時(shí)也會(huì)增加施工成本，部分施工還需和窯系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)對(duì)接，對(duì)施工進(jìn)度也需要有更高更嚴(yán)的控制，才能保證發(fā)電系統(tǒng)能及時(shí)地調(diào)試和并網(wǎng)發(fā)電。</p><p>　　4余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的安裝</p&

20、gt;<p>　　整個(gè)余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的安裝以鍋爐和汽輪機(jī)的施工為主要工期控制線，對(duì)于新建熟料線，尤其要控制協(xié)調(diào)好sP爐和窯尾施工、AQC爐和篦冷機(jī)系統(tǒng)以及地坪施工的關(guān)系，以免造成工期延誤。對(duì)鍋爐和管道安裝質(zhì)量控制的關(guān)鍵之一是焊接質(zhì)量的控制和各類(lèi)壓力容器的嚴(yán)密性及試壓試驗(yàn)。對(duì)汽輪機(jī)安裝質(zhì)量控制重點(diǎn)之一是對(duì)設(shè)備關(guān)鍵部件制造精度的復(fù)檢和各間隙、安裝形位公差的高精度控制和檢查。</p><p>　　同時(shí)由于設(shè)

21、備特點(diǎn)，有部分的部件安裝和布置需要在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行調(diào)整和確定，才能保證安裝質(zhì)量和控制方便、準(zhǔn)確。~NAQC爐上升和下降管的固定裝置，部分測(cè)溫點(diǎn)、測(cè)壓點(diǎn)、流量計(jì)、給水操作臺(tái)的布置，CPC雙筒過(guò)濾器及管線的布置，疏水、排污、取樣、加藥裝置的用水與廠區(qū)給排水管網(wǎng)的銜接，室外管線和汽機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)管線和閥門(mén)的支撐、布置等，都必須結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況和設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行調(diào)整以達(dá)到良好的效果。</p><p>　　由于電站建設(shè)不完全同于水泥線建設(shè)，還必

22、須參照電力行業(yè)的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，因此在除了安裝工程常規(guī)的質(zhì)量檢查外，要高度重視、嚴(yán)格監(jiān)控如壓力容器、起重設(shè)備以及和并網(wǎng)相關(guān)的各類(lèi)國(guó)家、行業(yè)強(qiáng)制報(bào)驗(yàn)、報(bào)檢的項(xiàng)目，及時(shí)與技術(shù)監(jiān)督局、鍋檢所、電力公司等溝通協(xié)調(diào)，及時(shí)報(bào)驗(yàn)，保證安裝質(zhì)量和安全性能。</p><p><b>　　4．1鍋爐安裝</b></p><p>　　除了常規(guī)的安裝要求外，須注意以下主要方面：</p&g

23、t;<p>　　(1)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)合適位置布置SP爐鋼架組合平臺(tái)，采用預(yù)組合法施工安裝SP爐鋼架。</p><p>　　(2)鍋爐汽包安裝要注意預(yù)留熱膨脹間隙。</p><p>　　(3)受熱面組合安裝。對(duì)AQC爐根據(jù)供貨情況將耆片管(蛇形管)與集箱和框架組成的箱體整體吊裝，減少安裝成本和周期；SP爐的受熱面安裝前必須對(duì)蛇形管做吹掃和通球檢查，并做單管水壓試驗(yàn)。</p>

24、<p>　　(4)鍋爐水壓試驗(yàn)是鍋爐安裝過(guò)程中的重要控制節(jié)點(diǎn)，其范圍包括受熱面系統(tǒng)的全部部件及鍋爐本體管道、鍋爐范圍內(nèi)的疏水、排污、取樣、加藥裝置、儀表取樣管一次閥門(mén)以內(nèi)的管道及其附件。并且都要在專門(mén)編制的水壓試驗(yàn)方案下有組織地進(jìn)行。</p><p>　　(5)對(duì)SP爐除灰系統(tǒng)的振打裝置要保證可靠，避免積灰后瞬時(shí)大量下灰造成高溫風(fēng)機(jī)跳停。</p><p>　　(6)SP爐過(guò)熱

25、器空氣梁打澆注料時(shí)，要根據(jù)設(shè)備內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和空間進(jìn)行調(diào)整，保證其牢固性和長(zhǎng)久耐磨。</p><p>　　(7)高度重視爐體的密封和保溫施工(尤其在集箱口)，漏風(fēng)率由2％增至3％時(shí)，過(guò)熱蒸汽量下降大于0．8％，將直接影響發(fā)電功率。</p><p>　　(8)在煮爐過(guò)程中重點(diǎn)通過(guò)多次排污、加藥、換水控制爐水全堿度。</p><p>　　4．2管道及支吊架安裝注意的問(wèn)題:&l

26、t;/p><p>　　(1)對(duì)管道系統(tǒng)單獨(dú)試壓和清洗后再并人設(shè)備，保證管道系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備在投運(yùn)后安全可靠運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　(2)必須在管道系統(tǒng)嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)合格后才能進(jìn)行主蒸汽系統(tǒng)的蒸汽吹掃以及給水、凝結(jié)水、補(bǔ)水系統(tǒng)的水沖洗或化學(xué)清洗。</p><p>　　(3)在煮爐吹管前，將鍋爐和管道系統(tǒng)的流量孔板、噴嘴、節(jié)流閥芯、過(guò)濾網(wǎng)、止回閥芯等拆除或緩裝)并妥善保管，待吹管

27、合格結(jié)束后恢復(fù)。</p><p>　　(4)安裝時(shí)注意各類(lèi)不同閥門(mén)的安裝方向，同時(shí)由于主蒸汽管道內(nèi)的高溫介質(zhì)不同于常規(guī)的給排水管網(wǎng)，應(yīng)結(jié)合圖紙和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況充分考慮熱膨脹間隙做實(shí)際調(diào)整。</p><p>　　4．3汽輪機(jī)組的安裝:</p><p>　　汽輪機(jī)組的安裝過(guò)程和步驟主要有基礎(chǔ)研磨與墊鐵敷設(shè)、臺(tái)板軸承座及滑鎖系統(tǒng)安裝、下汽缸及轉(zhuǎn)子安裝、負(fù)荷分配、軸承、通流部分(

28、隔板、隔板套、汽封)的檢測(cè)和安裝、扣大蓋、發(fā)電機(jī)聯(lián)軸器安裝、穿轉(zhuǎn)子等。汽輪機(jī)組是余熱發(fā)電站的關(guān)鍵核心設(shè)備，其特點(diǎn)是制造精密，安裝精度要求高，在實(shí)際安裝時(shí)需要注意幾個(gè)方面：</p><p>　　(1) 在安裝汽輪機(jī)前保證行車(chē)的運(yùn)行可靠、安全。</p><p>　　(2)做好汽輪機(jī)的四次沉降觀測(cè)記錄。</p><p>　　(3)對(duì)蒸汽室部分進(jìn)行嚴(yán)密性檢查。</p&

29、gt;<p>　　(4) 進(jìn)行負(fù)荷分配檢查。檢查各臺(tái)板的實(shí)際負(fù)荷與設(shè)計(jì)值是否相符，當(dāng)橫向水平與汽缸負(fù)荷有矛盾時(shí)，以保證負(fù)荷分配為準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　(5) 發(fā)電機(jī)穿轉(zhuǎn)子安裝后重點(diǎn)對(duì)空氣余隙和磁力中心進(jìn)行檢查和調(diào)整。</p><p>　　(6)在各細(xì)節(jié)處的熱膨脹預(yù)留間隙控制。</p><p>　　4-4其它須注意的問(wèn)題:</p>&l

30、t;p>　　對(duì)窯尾SP爐的煙氣進(jìn)出口閥和旁路閥的安裝調(diào)試要確?？煽繙?zhǔn)確動(dòng)作，尤其是SP爐的煙氣進(jìn)出口閥，由于窯系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)時(shí)負(fù)壓較大，極易產(chǎn)生積灰，導(dǎo)致閥門(mén)阻塞卡死。因此在該閥門(mén)安裝時(shí)要注意其合適的安裝位置、閥板開(kāi)啟方向、管道角度(也可選擇合適的閥門(mén)型號(hào))，并在鍋爐運(yùn)行前熱態(tài)下再次確認(rèn)，確保鍋爐投運(yùn)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確、可靠、靈活動(dòng)作，而不至于影響鍋爐廢熱量甚至影響窯系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定。sP爐灰斗與卸灰拉鏈機(jī)的聯(lián)結(jié)要注視密封的重要性，以避免漏風(fēng)對(duì)窯系統(tǒng)及高

31、溫風(fēng)機(jī)的影響。</p><p>　　5余熱發(fā)電站的調(diào)試.</p><p>　　由于余熱電站的調(diào)試必須遵照電力行業(yè)的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范，所以整個(gè)余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試程序、步驟和內(nèi)容與水泥行業(yè)既有共同之處，也有不同的地方。</p><p>　　電站的調(diào)試工作從10 kV倒送電開(kāi)始，按內(nèi)容分為鍋爐系統(tǒng)調(diào)試、熱工部分調(diào)試、汽輪機(jī)組部分調(diào)試、電器部分調(diào)試。按階段劃分可分為單機(jī)調(diào)試、

32、分部試運(yùn)、整套啟動(dòng)試運(yùn)、試生產(chǎn)幾個(gè)階段。</p><p><b>　　5．1分部試運(yùn)</b></p><p>　　在完成單機(jī)試車(chē)后，按以下方式進(jìn)行了分部試運(yùn)。</p><p>　　(1) 鍋爐部分：主要有鍋爐堿煮、過(guò)熱器及管道吹掃(打靶合格)、蒸汽嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)、安全閥整定和消缺，同時(shí)也進(jìn)行循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)和化學(xué)水處理系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試。</p>

33、<p>　　(2) 汽輪機(jī)組部分：主要有循環(huán)水系統(tǒng)、凝結(jié)水系統(tǒng)、射水泵及真空系統(tǒng)、除氧給水系統(tǒng)、潤(rùn)滑油系統(tǒng)、調(diào)節(jié)保安系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試。</p><p>　　(3) 熱工部分：主要有回路模擬試驗(yàn)、DCS系統(tǒng)完善調(diào)試、汽輪機(jī)保護(hù)調(diào)試。</p><p>　　(4) 電器部分：主要有總降變電站向10 k、母線倒送電、發(fā)電機(jī)一次回路全面檢查(搖絕緣)、勵(lì)磁屏開(kāi)關(guān)保護(hù)動(dòng)作試驗(yàn)、連鎖試驗(yàn)、發(fā)電機(jī)CT

34、及frr的二次回路檢查。</p><p>　　在余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)前由10 k、段倒送電至發(fā)電機(jī)frr進(jìn)行預(yù)定相、核相；汽輪機(jī)升速中的電氣試驗(yàn)、交流阻抗及絕緣測(cè)量；勵(lì)磁系統(tǒng)的空載特I生試驗(yàn)。發(fā)電機(jī)的空載特性試驗(yàn)，包括發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)回路、速斷保護(hù)、差動(dòng)保護(hù)、過(guò)負(fù)荷保護(hù)、核相、試同期、手動(dòng)同期模擬試驗(yàn)、自動(dòng)準(zhǔn)同期模擬并網(wǎng)試驗(yàn)等。</p><p>　　5，2 整套啟動(dòng)試運(yùn).</p>&l

35、t;p>　　在完成各分部調(diào)試合格后，恢復(fù)主汽門(mén)和相關(guān)管道、儀表，電站進(jìn)入了整套啟動(dòng)調(diào)試，主要按以下步驟進(jìn)行：</p><p>　　(1)主機(jī)及輔機(jī)進(jìn)行各項(xiàng)電氣、熱工保護(hù)、連鎖試驗(yàn)、保安電源帶負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)正常后，向熱工所有儀表、電動(dòng)門(mén)、調(diào)節(jié)門(mén)等送電。</p><p>　　(2)汽機(jī)輔助設(shè)備及系統(tǒng)參照輔助設(shè)備試運(yùn)措施及電廠 運(yùn)行規(guī)程》分別啟動(dòng)投入；</p><p>　

36、　(3)盤(pán)車(chē)裝置投入運(yùn)行，調(diào)整潤(rùn)滑油壓，查看盤(pán)車(chē)電流及軸承回油流量，確認(rèn)汽缸內(nèi)部聲音正常。</p><p>　　(4)首次整套啟動(dòng)按冷態(tài)啟動(dòng)曲線沖轉(zhuǎn)暖機(jī)。經(jīng)仔細(xì)檢查汽缸膨脹、軸向位移、軸承溫度、油溫油壓、排汽溫度、汽缸溫差、相對(duì)膨脹、蒸汽壓力／溫度等參數(shù)均在控制范圍內(nèi)，順利平穩(wěn)地跨越了臨界轉(zhuǎn)速1 832 r／rain，其中汽輪機(jī)最重要、最敏感、最不易處理的六個(gè)振動(dòng)參數(shù)和軸向位移情況良好，同時(shí)實(shí)際測(cè)量臨界轉(zhuǎn)速下的最

37、大振動(dòng)值為≤0．095 ilal-fl(全振幅)，其余情況≤0．043 mn'l。</p><p>　　(5)由505控制并輔以手動(dòng)，汽輪機(jī)升速至3 030 r／min后(整個(gè)定速時(shí)間為98 min)，進(jìn)行主油泵切換試驗(yàn)，然后在定速后進(jìn)行就地打閘停機(jī)、主汽門(mén)及調(diào)節(jié)門(mén)嚴(yán)密性試驗(yàn)、按規(guī)定要求相續(xù)投入發(fā)電機(jī)勵(lì)磁、同期調(diào)整試驗(yàn)，結(jié)束后首次并網(wǎng)。</p><p>　　(6)發(fā)電機(jī)帶負(fù)荷10％

38、，運(yùn)行4 h后解列發(fā)電機(jī)進(jìn)行了機(jī)械超速試驗(yàn)(解除505超速保護(hù))，動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)速為3 310 r／rain；然后進(jìn)行電超速試驗(yàn)，由505控制超速至3 270 r／min時(shí)，自動(dòng)迅速關(guān)閉主汽門(mén)、調(diào)速汽門(mén)。</p><p>　　(7)各試驗(yàn)完畢后恢復(fù)機(jī)組3 000 r／min，重新帶負(fù)荷。</p><p>　　(8)帶負(fù)荷暖機(jī)時(shí)間按照預(yù)定進(jìn)行，發(fā)電機(jī)帶負(fù)荷速度在汽機(jī)允許的范圍內(nèi)調(diào)升，整個(gè)過(guò)程中，汽輪

39、機(jī)運(yùn)行各測(cè)點(diǎn)的參數(shù)包括發(fā)電機(jī)的繞組、鐵芯的溫升均在正常值范圍內(nèi)。 ，</p><p>　　(9)在系統(tǒng)并網(wǎng)送電成功后進(jìn)行了停機(jī)消缺，順利進(jìn)行了72 h滿負(fù)荷試運(yùn)(在此期間受窯系統(tǒng)波動(dòng)影響，負(fù)荷出現(xiàn)不穩(wěn)定)。</p><p>　　5-3在調(diào)試過(guò)程中需引起注意的問(wèn)題</p><p>　　(1)嚴(yán)格控制原水水質(zhì)，確保化水車(chē)間及時(shí)補(bǔ)水。由于在鍋爐煮爐和吹管期間，鍋水補(bǔ)充量遠(yuǎn)

40、遠(yuǎn)大于正常運(yùn)行時(shí)的消耗量，所以此時(shí)的化學(xué)水處理能力是比較緊張的，如果原水水質(zhì)下降或不達(dá)標(biāo)或不穩(wěn)定，尤其是水質(zhì)鹽分的波動(dòng)，會(huì)造成反滲透床一、二級(jí)膜堵塞嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致化水能力大幅下降，補(bǔ)水不足，只能人為降低鍋爐排污率，對(duì)煮爐效果和時(shí)間都帶來(lái)不利影響。</p><p>　　(2)在汽機(jī)調(diào)試時(shí)需注意對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)閥門(mén)行程(油動(dòng)機(jī)行程)、CPC進(jìn)口油壓(同時(shí)涉及到注油器、主</p><p>　　油泵進(jìn)口油壓)的

41、對(duì)應(yīng)調(diào)整，才能保證低參數(shù)滿發(fā)。</p><p>　　5，4汽輪機(jī)的啟停方式</p><p>　　在余熱發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的整套啟動(dòng)和試運(yùn)過(guò)程中，對(duì)于汽輪機(jī)的啟動(dòng)和停機(jī)方式有幾種模式，根據(jù)熟料線余熱特點(diǎn)和電站系統(tǒng)及配置，我們主要按以下方式進(jìn)行并達(dá)到了良好的效果。</p><p>　　(1)采用額定參數(shù)啟動(dòng)方式，并根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇冷態(tài)和熱態(tài)啟動(dòng)模式，控制好溫升、時(shí)間、轉(zhuǎn)速和真空度

42、等。</p><p>　　(2)在停機(jī)時(shí)，根據(jù)正常停機(jī)的目的和設(shè)備特l生選擇額定參數(shù)停機(jī)和滑參數(shù)停機(jī)，以控制汽缸溫降。</p><p>　　(3)在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，重點(diǎn)控制好過(guò)熱蒸汽的流量、壓力、溫度等，這是影響發(fā)電量的三個(gè)主要參數(shù)，其中流量對(duì)發(fā)電量起決定性的作用，壓力、溫度對(duì)熱能轉(zhuǎn)換效率有影響，低溫低壓也能降負(fù)荷運(yùn)行，但是會(huì)影響設(shè)備的使用壽命。同時(shí)，凝汽器真空度的變化也會(huì)影響汽輪機(jī)組的發(fā)電量

43、。涉及各種情況下的啟動(dòng)、停機(jī)、運(yùn)行方式及異常情況下的具體處理方法，和如何在窯系統(tǒng)波動(dòng)時(shí)穩(wěn)定電站系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行，提高發(fā)電量，包括對(duì)各主要測(cè)點(diǎn)參數(shù)的調(diào)整控制，將另做詳細(xì)介紹。</p><p><b>　　6結(jié)束語(yǔ).</b></p><p>　　在整個(gè)試運(yùn)行過(guò)程中，系統(tǒng)及各設(shè)備運(yùn)行的壓力、溫度、振動(dòng)、性能參數(shù)等良好，在達(dá)到或接近額定發(fā)電功率4 500 kW時(shí)，窯系統(tǒng)及電站各部正常

44、時(shí)的主要參數(shù)都達(dá)到或超過(guò)了設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)，也說(shuō)明該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)達(dá)到并滿足了不影響熟料生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量產(chǎn)量、不增加熟料熱耗及電耗、不改變生料烘干熱源、不改變熟料生產(chǎn)工藝流程及設(shè)備條件下的高效率余熱利用。</p><p>　　該項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)、安裝、調(diào)試、運(yùn)行，充分說(shuō)明本項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)模式達(dá)到了經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、可靠的投資目的，實(shí)現(xiàn)了理想的社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在成功保證發(fā)電效率的同時(shí)，也反映出了在個(gè)別地方如某些測(cè)溫測(cè)壓點(diǎn)、流量計(jì)設(shè)置位置，個(gè)別操作臺(tái)

45、、閥門(mén)(尤其汽封系統(tǒng))的布置、與電站直接關(guān)聯(lián)的窯系統(tǒng)個(gè)別設(shè)備的通訊等，都需要更加合理的設(shè)計(jì)、布置以方便操作，在窯系統(tǒng)波動(dòng)電站不正常情況下更大限度地減少汽水損耗，也是需要進(jìn)一步思考和改進(jìn)的地方。</p><p><b>　　《新世紀(jì)水泥導(dǎo)報(bào)》</b></p><p>　　中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：1 172．9；TM617 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B 文章編號(hào)：1008-0473(2008)04

46、-0007-05</p><p>　　New dry law cement pure cryogenic Yu thermal power plant construction and debugging</p><p>　　The measures ten thousand pure to become all the building materials industry design

47、 institute for research limited company(610021)</p><p>　　the summary becomes all the building materials industry to design Yunnan that the institute for research limited company always contracts for the cons

48、truction to protect 3000 tses/ds 7 Js of the mountain steel R.O.C. company~ pure low temperature remaining heat of the personal production line generates electricity the station to achieve success.The cement kiln heat ge

49、nerates electricity the construction of the station on a certain degree the under the yoke of cement is familiar to anticipate to </p><p>　　The keyword ：cement works heat generates electricity the constru

50、ction adjust to try</p><p>　　0 introduction</p><p>　　Baoshan Steel yunnan kun ka wah Cement Company Limited 3 000 t/d cement production line is supporting 4.5 MW remaining low temperature gene

51、rating units in April 5, 2008 official to generate electricity, and in the network 24 h to smooth power generation power 4 420 kW, the current system and equipment in the normal running. The cement production by the Chen

52、gdu Building Materials Industrial Design Research Institute Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as Chengdu) design, Yu thermal power gen</p><p>　　l cement kilns she thermal power plant construction feat

53、ures cement kilns Yu thermal power plant construction must strictly in accordance with electric power industry in the relevant standards and norms implementation, and conventional power plant construction. As such plant

54、is through cement kilns heat recovery and recycling of power generation, first of all the guarantees for the cement clinker production in the cement clinker quality, production and integrated energy consumption, with app

55、ropr</p><p>　　The remaining cement kilns are fundamental to the power generation Furnace Cooling machine and kiln preheater C tail. and samples of the emission of such emissions, the flow of lower grade, ins

56、tability in the volatile nature of the remaining low temperature conditions need reliable technology generation and higher requirements to ensure that the equipment. The cement production process, raw materials features,

57、 host equipment models, climatic conditions, and many other factors, the same scale cem</p><p>　　Chengdu Institute of the total contracted model CDC roasted system in accordance with the point of the remaini

58、ng thermal power generation in the design and equipped to take on the programme of the Council, and the actual operation, the full certification.</p><p>　　2 plant host device configuration, </p><p

59、>　　based on kiln system operating mode and host equipment of the comprehensive analysis and assessment will be adopted the following main configuration.</p><p>　　AQc boiler, steam boiler population smoke

60、117,500 Nm 3/h boiler temperature population smoke 350 degrees C boiler population smoke 50 g concentration/Nm ] boiler population smoke negative pressure Boiler Pa 800 ~ < export cigarettes temperature boiler C degre

61、es to 105% 2% Total leak out on behalf evaporation 9.5 cafes rated steam pressure steam rated 1.25 MPa 340 C Provincial Coal temperature server port to the water temperature 170 C smoke temperature to 105 C</p>&l

62、t;p>　　The Boilers Vertical arrangements, the steam (superheaters evaporator economizer) belonging to natural cycles, hot water cycle, mandatory, heated surfaces in the wrong arrangement, the wall furnace lining light.

63、</p><p>　　sP, l ~: boiler population smoke steam 216,250 NmTh boiler population smoke temperature degrees 320 C boiler population smoke and dust concentration 100 g/Nm 3 boiler export cigarettes temperature

64、degrees to 217 C boiler smoke total resistance < ~ 800 Pa boiler total leak out ≤ 5% nominal evaporation 13.8 cafes rated steam 1.25 MPa rated steam temperature 310 C water temperature 165 C the boiler main of vertica

65、l natural cycles remaining boilers. </p><p>　　In connection with reality and specific characteristics, the use of machinery Chun "devices to to clear the grey. A light lining furnace wall, to reduce air

66、 leak boiler factor, cement production and affect stability power generation, Kong wall furnace, oven, through the walls wall lining the seams, stoves, sealed containers, the Office for the design and construction.</p

67、><p>　　the vapor a machine set: choose to consume the low high-efficiency low personal status thermal energy to make use of the vapor a machine with the vapor, flow the system and special end class the leaf an

68、exaltation end class steam to contain the wet quantity with of the reasonable, raise the vapor an efficiency inside the machine, lower the vapor to consume.Adopt the measure to insure the lower row vapor pressure in the

69、vapor a machine assistance system in the meantime, if enlarge the 凝 vapor mac</p><p>　　Adopted the list to press the system on the thermodynamic energy system.According to the hot characteristics and end AQC

70、 stove of the kiln system remaining at familiar anticipate the yield,heat to consume and generate electricity the powers all normally, line up the smoke temperature<the result certificate of the 80 Cs, that item adopt

71、s to press the system with the list is a kind of suitable choice.</p><p>　　At the same time, the system, a simple equipment, electricity use less, reliable and equipment investment, technology, to facilitate

72、 the conduct, management, operation and maintenance. In most Cement Enterprise for electricity generation understand and be familiar with varying the conditions and reduce the power management and operation of the more d

73、ifficult. The plant operators in the original of the remaining power does not understand the situation of the total package of training, in a relati</p><p>　　3 cement kilns Yu thermal power plant constructio

74、n time and main lines of coordination cement kilns Yu thermal power plant construction and clinker line construction can take synchronous design, simultaneous construction, or at the same time design, build, specific to

75、the enterprise, construction units, each with advantages and disadvantages. In the design cement clinker line at the same time, we must advance good Yu thermal power generation in the preliminary design and planning. The

76、 remaining </p><p>　　The new clinker production line, at the same time building Yu thermal power stations, the kiln Mei kilns and installation of equipment has not been concluded, in AQC, SP furnace installa

77、tion, so as to fully utilize the construction loading machine tools and resources, reduce boiler installing cycle, but the site works coordination capacity increased, and security concerns have also increased, while boil

78、er of debugging must be in the kiln is often run before, is likely to cause the construction u</p><p>　　4 Yu thermal power generation systems installed throughout the EU thermal power generation systems inst

79、alled in the Boilers and turbines in industry as a major project line of control and for new clinker line, in particular, to control coordinating sP stoves and kiln Mei construction, AQC stoves and comb cold computer sys

80、tems and and construction, so as to avoid causing project delay. Of the boiler and piping installation quality control of the key is the welding quality control and the types of</p><p>　　At the same time as

81、the features of the components installed and arranged at the scene and determined to ensure that installation quality and control facilities and accurate. ~ NAQC furnace rise and fall of the fixed installation, temperatu

82、re, pressure and flow measurement, the arrangements for water control desk, CPC double and filters and arrangements in the pipeline, drainage, sewage, sampling, and the water treatment plant and the plant to drain the we

83、b interface, outdoor cables and gas pipe</p><p>　　The power plant is not entirely with cement line construction, it must be based on power industry in the relevant standards and norms in the installation wor

84、ks conventional quality inspection, we must attach great importance to, strictly control the pressure to containers, lifting equipment, and networks of various countries, and the mandatory, examination and inspection rep

85、ort of the project, timely and Technical Supervision Bureau, pot by, electricity, communication and coordination, timely, c</p><p>　　4.1 boilers installed in addition to regular installation requirements, sh

86、ould be noted that the following main aspects: </p><p>　　(1) at the scene niche arrangements SP furnace steel combination platform, the advance group legitimate installation SP furnace steel. </p><

87、;p>　　(2) A boiler vapour packages to set aside thermal expansion gap. </p><p>　　(3) Heating Surface Combination installation. The AQC furnace in the supply of the film will be fully (snake shape) and cont

88、ainers and framework of the Whole loading cartons, reduce cost of installation and cycle; SP stoves to install heating surface of the snake to sweep the do ball and inspection, and the single examination pressure test. &

89、lt;/p><p>　　(4)the boiler water pressure's experiment is an importance within the boiler gearing process to control to make the node, its scope includes the water in all partses and boiler essence piping,th

90、e boiler scope of be subjected to the hot noodles system and line up dirty,take a sample,add the medicine device,the gauge sampling takes care of a valve door in of the piping and its enclosure. And all want to experimen

91、t the project to descend to organize the ground to enter to go at the water pressure t</p><p>　　(5)flap to beat to equip to guarantee the credibility in addition to the ash system to the SP stove, the moment

92、 in great quantities descends the ash to result in the heat breeze machine jump to stop after avoiding accumulate the ash. </p><p>　　(6)the SP stove leads the hot machine air beam dozen to sprinkle to note t

93、o anticipate, want according to establish to have the internal structure and space to carry on the adjustment, guarantee its firm and last long to bear to whet. </p><p>　　(7)the high value a body seals compl

94、etely to start construction(particularly Be gathering a box of) with the heat preservation, leaking air the rate is increase by 2% to 3%, lead the hot amount of steam to descend greatly in0.8%, will directly influence to

95、 generate electricity the power. </p><p>　　(8)in cook a heat of process the point passes many rows dirty,add the medicine and change a water whole alkalinitieseses of the water control.</p><p>　

96、　4.2 pipingses and the advertent problem that pays the hanger gearing:(1)alone try to press and clean to the piping system to combine again person's equipments behind, guarantee the piping system and equipments are a

97、fter throw luck the safe credibility circulate. (2)have to then can enter the steam of go the main steam system to blow to sweep after the piping the system tight experiment qualified and water supply,condense the water,

98、repair the water of the water system to flush or the chemistry cl</p><p>　　4.3 The steamer unit installed, the installation process steam turbine group and steps are the main basis laid iron mill and advance

99、, Taiwan and slide plates bearing seat Lock System installation, the cylinder and rotor installed capacity, distribution, Bearings, flow of divisions, after a board, automobile sealing the detection, arrest and install g

100、enerators, covered the clutch, installation, wearing rotor. steamer unit is Yu thermal power stations and key equipment, the ad is sophisticated, in</p><p>　　(1) before the installation turbine guarantee the

101、 traffic, reliable security. </p><p>　　(2) to make turbines of the 4th settlement observation records.</p><p>　　(3) The steam room, conduct strict inspections.</p><p>　　(4) Load she

102、dding inspection. The inspection of the Board has Taiwan Dutch and design value is consistent with the horizontal cylinder capacity of Mao Dun, to ensure that the load shedding. (5) Generators wearing rotor after the ins