外文翻譯---我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的文獻(xiàn)綜述

1、<p>　　The sustainable development of China's real estate literature review</p><p>　　Abstract: At present our country's economic and social development has come to a critical of the order Section

2、, however the development of estate industry of the national economy has a profound effect. Estate Production of sustainable development is related to realize industry itself good circulation of new way of thinking, is S

3、ocial harmony, so it is a very important position. This paper discusses The definition of sustainable development of real estate, problems and solving thinking and evalua</p><p>　　Key words: Sustainable deve

4、lopment Real estate </p><p>　　1 econnotation of sustainable development of estate</p><p>　　Sustainable development is the 1980s proposed a new concept. In 1987 world commission of environment

5、and development in the future of our common report first expounds the concept of sustainable development, get the international community's broad consensus. Sustainable development refers to satisfy the requirement o

6、f modern and does not damage the ability of future generations to meet demand.</p><p>　　The real estate industry sustainable development consists of two party of meanings: one refers to the real estate indus

7、try development should not only meet the people of various real estate product demand and to meet the needs of the development of future generations. Among them, including the sustainable utilization of land resources, t

8、he stability of the housing industry coordinated development, real estate market of perfect and living environment improvement, etc.; 2 it is we should not only </p><p>　　The real estate industry sustainable

9、 development should be the houses, owner and environmental three elements as a whole, the emphasis on the use of natural resources and protection, to reach the demand for natural nature with the balance between the retur

10、ns. The concept of sustainable development of real estate industry can be summarized as two points: one is to meet people and their children for housing and other real estate product needs, Two is to keep the real estate

11、 industry and urban plan</p><p>　　The sustainable development of real estate industry, is in dealing with good urban planning, energy saving, on the basis of solving the momentary interests and long-term int

12、erests relation, the local interest and the overall benefit relations, economic benefits and social benefit relations, sustainable development and sustainable growth, achieve real estate construction planning form, resid

13、ential function, environmental benefits and cultural features of sustainable development.</p><p>　　Anyhow domestic scholars on its definition is almost the same, we can be in them on the basis of sustainable

14、 development of real estate defined as: should not only meet the diverse needs of contemporary of real estate, and rational utilization of land resources, protect the ecological environment, for future generations of pro

15、duction and life, create the necessary space development condition, is real estate economy and population, resources, environment, social coordinated development result.</p><p>　　2 About sustainable develop

16、ment of real estate existing problems</p><p>　　Our country is in the harmonious society's transformation period, the economic development and environment protection problems are more prominent. And real

17、estate industry of our country late start, foundation is bad, and facing the population, resources and the huge restriction. Therefore it is necessary to understand the sustainable development of real estate in our count

18、ry face possible problems.</p><p>　　Our country exists 4 of sustainable development of real estate industry in our country pressure factors: consumer demand pressure, speculative demand pressures, environmen

19、t and resource pressure and international competition.</p><p>　　Our existing 3 unsustainable affects real estate development. The first for land resources and labor resources of unsustainable. In the only la

20、nd resources, among which there are most is that there is no way for the development of regional development of land resources more scarce. Also exist waste of resources and erosion. Through the relevant domestic institu

21、tions of population prediction description of the population age structure changing trends found that supply condition will be decreased </p><p>　　There are 4 main problems in the sustainable development of

22、real estate must solve. First of all a waste of resources and erosion. Due to develop out of control and disorderly development, cause of land resources squandered and the loss of state-owned assets. Then is the commodit

23、y house KongZhiLiang increase, and are further expanded. The third is real estate development in the short-term, causing damage to ecological environment. The developer one-sided pursuit of economic, cause building densi

24、</p><p>　　China's real estate developing problems mainly displays in: first, develop out of control, cause disorder development of land resources squandered and the loss of state-owned assets, The second

25、 overall, structural distortions in supply and demand and caused a lot of vacancy, The third estate development of large short-term, on the ecological environment enormous destruction; Housing design, unreasonable distri

26、bution, technology content is low, causing the waste of resources and destruction.</p><p>　　In conclusion, we can be summarized as problem 3. The first aspect is the waste of resources and environmental jeal

27、ousy. In order to obtain the existing interests, developers behavior caused social increased costs. The second aspect is the market supply and demand structure, a large number of vacancy commodity house caused distortion

28、s in supply and demand. And the third way is market policy environment, including the developers of policies and real estate finance market policies.</p><p>　　3 About sustainable development of real estate

29、solution countermeasures and methods</p><p>　　Push the real estate industry sustainable development needs three aspects. One is to internalize the externality, drive market main body. Solve existing external

30、ity problem. A more effective way is through the relevant financial and tax policy design, be possible externality internalizes the economic cost or income, so as to drive market main body into sustainable development mo

31、de. 2 it is to establish a standardized market, calling for long-term economic. Three is guide and promote the healthy </p><p>　　To increase national macro-control, improve the land resource utilization effi

32、ciency, through the economy applicable room control prices and perfecting relevant legislation to solve the existing problems.</p><p>　　Face foam scientific regulation, to prevent the economy from overheatin

33、g there is to be a powerful macroeconomic control. Third, regulate land market, insist to cherish, rational utilization of land and protecting cultivated land basic state policy. He thinks that real estate sustainable de

34、velopment depends on unceasing innovation.</p><p>　　The real estate industry sustainable development of basic ideas: the first standard land management and planning management, improve the relations of the u

35、rban planning scientific, The second take effective measures to promote the vacancy of sale of commodity, The third adjustment real estate product structure, prevent new vacancy appear; The fourth attached great importan

36、ce to environmental protection and maintaining ecological balance, The fifth improve design level, increase the houses high-t</p><p>　　According to the above problems, we also can be divided into three aspec

37、ts. Countermeasures The first is the government should strengthen the rules to protect resources and environmental damage. The second is to strengthen macro-control is to guide the developer's behavior. The third is

38、to perfect and real estate market relevant policies and regulations.</p><p>　　4 property of sustainable development of evaluation system</p><p>　　According to the completeness, practicability,

39、correlation and forward-looking, create the principle of combining urban real estate industry sustainable development evaluation index system. It includes economic evaluation factors, population evaluation factors, socia

40、l evaluation factors, resource evaluation factors and environmental evaluation factors from five aspects. Among them, the economic evaluation factors including per capita GDP, urban residents' per capita consumer spe

41、nding, developmen</p><p>　　Will recycle economy theory is introduced based on real estate, construction of the real estate industry recycling economy index system. They think that real estate industry also h

42、ave their own 3R principle, reduction, REUSE mt, REUSE and RECYCLE RECYCLE. And their energy, resources index, land use index, the specific contents of the environmental indicators with 3R principle for analysis, that th

43、e final conclusion.</p><p>　　Through the economy, resources and environment, population and society are analyzed, in terms of macroscopic perspective of these factors on the influence of real estate industry

44、, founded the real estate evaluation index system, it includes four index system: economic index system (including economic level, the economic structure, economic benefits and economic ability two-level index); etc. Res

45、ource utilization of index system (including water, land, forest, mineral, energy, and comprehensive u</p><p>　　Anyhow, scholars created real estate industry sustainable development evaluation index system,

46、this paper introduces the level of the sustainable development of real estate industry assessment method. For the sustainable development of real estate appraisal system established the foundation. In my opinion, to esta

47、blish the system of sustainable development of real estate industry must be from many aspects, whether in government, developers or buyers all should with relevant principles as guidanc</p><p>　　References:&

48、lt;/p><p>　　[1]. ZhaoHuaPing, zhang Suodi . Real estate in China's sustainable development.[J].Technical economy,2006 (4).</p><p>　　[2]. GuoSu . Theory of sustainable development of real estate

49、 industry [J]Industry.Science and technology information,2006.</p><p>　　[3] Tong KeKe . Promote Chinese real estate industry sustainable development research. [J] Industry.,2006.</p><p>　　[4] Pi

50、n Yongfu , Real estate industry must walk on the path of sustainable development[J].China's real estate,2003 (11) : 34-35.</p><p>　　我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的文獻(xiàn)綜述</p><p>　　摘要：目前我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)到了關(guān)鍵的階段，然而房地產(chǎn)行

51、業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)有著深刻的影響。房地產(chǎn)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是關(guān)系到實(shí)現(xiàn)行業(yè)自身良好循環(huán)的新思路，是構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的目標(biāo)，因此具有極其重要的地位。本文對(duì)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的定義、存在的問題、解決思路以及評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了綜述。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：可持續(xù)發(fā)展 房地產(chǎn)</p><p>　　1 關(guān)于房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的含義</p><p>　　可持續(xù)發(fā)展是20世紀(jì)80年

52、代提出的一個(gè)新概念。1987年世界環(huán)境與發(fā)展委員會(huì)在《我們共同的未來》報(bào)告中第一次闡述了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念，得到了國(guó)際社會(huì)的廣泛共識(shí)?？沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展是指既滿足現(xiàn)代人的需求又不損害后代人滿足需求的能力。</p><p>　　房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展包括兩個(gè)方而的含義：一是指房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展既要滿足當(dāng)代人對(duì)各種房地產(chǎn)品的要求，又要滿足子孫后代未來發(fā)展的需要。其中，包括土地資源的永續(xù)利用、住宅業(yè)的穩(wěn)定協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的完善及人居

53、環(huán)境的改善等；二是既要保持產(chǎn)業(yè)自身不斷增長(zhǎng)，又要與社會(huì)以及國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)其他產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，主要包括社會(huì)的公平性；資源開發(fā)利用的可持續(xù)性，如土地資源、空間資源、建材資源利用的可持續(xù)性；產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的協(xié)調(diào)性等等。</p><p>　　房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展應(yīng)把房屋、業(yè)主和環(huán)境三要素作為一個(gè)整體,重視對(duì)自然資源的使用和保護(hù),爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)向自然的索取與對(duì)自然的回報(bào)之間的平衡。房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的涵義可概括為兩點(diǎn)：一是滿足當(dāng)代人及其子孫對(duì)住

54、房以及其他房地產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的需求；二是要保持房地產(chǎn)業(yè)與城市規(guī)劃和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)其他產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，維護(hù)和建設(shè)良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境，其建設(shè)和使用方式若與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，將創(chuàng)造優(yōu)美的環(huán)境和城市布局。</p><p>　　房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，是在處理好城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、節(jié)約能源的基礎(chǔ)上，解決好眼前利益和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益的關(guān)系，局部利益與整體利益的關(guān)系，經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和社會(huì)利益的關(guān)系,可持續(xù)發(fā)展與可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系,達(dá)到房地產(chǎn)建筑的規(guī)劃形態(tài)、住宅功能、環(huán)境效益、人文

55、特色的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。</p><p>　　總之國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)其所下的定義都大同小異，我們可以在他們的基礎(chǔ)上將房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展定義為：既要滿足當(dāng)代人對(duì)房地產(chǎn)的各種需求，又要合理利用土地資源，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境,為后代人的生產(chǎn)生活創(chuàng)造必要的空間發(fā)展條件，是房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)與人口、資源、環(huán)境、社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。</p><p>　　2 關(guān)于房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展存在的問題</p><p>　

56、　我國(guó)正處于和諧社會(huì)的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)的問題比較突出。而我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)起步晚、基礎(chǔ)差，又面臨人口資源的巨大制約。因此必須認(rèn)清我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展可能面臨的問題。</p><p>　　我國(guó)存在4個(gè)我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的壓力因素：消費(fèi)需求的壓力、投機(jī)需求的壓力、環(huán)境和資源壓力和國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)壓力。</p><p>　　我國(guó)存在的3中不可持續(xù)性影響著房地產(chǎn)的發(fā)展。第一為土地資源和勞動(dòng)力資源

57、的不可持續(xù)性。在僅有的土地資源中，其中尚有大部分是沒有辦法開發(fā)的地域，可供開發(fā)的土地資源更加稀缺。而且存在資源的浪費(fèi)與流失。通過國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)人口的預(yù)測(cè)所描述的人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的變化趨勢(shì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，供給狀況將逐年下降。根據(jù)供求理論，如果供給降低那么將帶來價(jià)格的上升，這將對(duì)勞動(dòng)力需求較高的房地產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)生不利的影響。</p><p>　　有4個(gè)主要問題是房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展必須要解決的。首先是資源的浪費(fèi)與流失。由于開發(fā)失控和無序發(fā)展

58、，導(dǎo)致土地資源的大量浪費(fèi)和國(guó)有資產(chǎn)的大量流失。然后是商品房空置量增加，而且正在進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大。第三是房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)中的短期行為，對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成破壞。開發(fā)單位片面追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，致使建筑密度過高、容積率過高，缺少綠色空間，一些房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)建設(shè)忽視對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的保護(hù)與建設(shè)。最后為房地產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與金融業(yè)關(guān)系尚未理順，房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)缺乏穩(wěn)定的資金來源。</p><p>　　我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)中存在的問題主要表現(xiàn)在：第一開發(fā)失控，無序發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致土

59、地資源的大量浪費(fèi)和國(guó)有資產(chǎn)的大量流失；第二總量性、結(jié)構(gòu)性供求失衡，造成大量商品房空置；第三房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)中的大量短期行為，對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境造成極大的破壞；房屋的設(shè)計(jì)、布局不合理，科技含量低，造成資源的浪費(fèi)和破壞。</p><p>　　總之，我們可以將問題歸納為三個(gè)方面。第一個(gè)方面是對(duì)資源的浪費(fèi)和對(duì)環(huán)境的破環(huán)。為了獲得現(xiàn)有的利益，開發(fā)商的行為造成了社會(huì)成本的增加。第二方面是市場(chǎng)供求結(jié)構(gòu)，大量的空置商品房造成了供求失衡。第三方

60、面是市場(chǎng)政策環(huán)境，其中就包括對(duì)開發(fā)商的政策和房地產(chǎn)金融市場(chǎng)政策。</p><p>　　3 地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展解決對(duì)策和方法</p><p>　　推動(dòng)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需求三方面著手。一是內(nèi)化外部性,激勵(lì)市場(chǎng)主體。解決存在的外部性問題。一個(gè)比較有效的方法就是通過對(duì)相關(guān)金融和稅收政策的設(shè)計(jì)，將可能產(chǎn)生的外部性內(nèi)化為經(jīng)濟(jì)成本或者收益，以此來激勵(lì)市場(chǎng)主體投入到可持續(xù)開發(fā)的模式中來。二是建立規(guī)范市場(chǎng)，

61、呼喚長(zhǎng)期經(jīng)濟(jì)。三是引導(dǎo)過度需求,推動(dòng)健康發(fā)展。</p><p>　　要加大國(guó)家的宏觀調(diào)控力度，提高土地資源利用效率，通過經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房控制房?jī)r(jià)和完善有關(guān)立法來解決存在的問題。</p><p>　　正視泡沫科學(xué)調(diào)控，防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱政府要實(shí)行強(qiáng)有力的宏觀調(diào)控。再者就是規(guī)范土地市場(chǎng)，堅(jiān)持十分珍惜、合理利用土地和切實(shí)保護(hù)耕地的基本國(guó)策。他認(rèn)為房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展還要依靠不斷的創(chuàng)新。</p>&

62、lt;p>　　房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本思路：第一規(guī)范土地管理與規(guī)劃管理的關(guān)系，提高城市規(guī)劃的科學(xué)性；第二采取有效措施，大力促進(jìn)空置商品房銷售；第三調(diào)整房地產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、防止新的空置出現(xiàn)；第四重視環(huán)境保護(hù)，維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡；第五提高房屋設(shè)計(jì)水平，加大高新技術(shù)含量。</p><p>　　針對(duì)上面的問題，我們也可以將對(duì)策分為三個(gè)方面。第一是政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)法規(guī)制定來保護(hù)資源和環(huán)境的破壞。第二是加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控來引導(dǎo)開發(fā)商的行為。

63、第三是完善與房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)有關(guān)的政策法規(guī)。</p><p>　　4 地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的評(píng)價(jià)體系</p><p>　　根據(jù)全面性、實(shí)用性、相關(guān)性和前瞻性相結(jié)合的原則，創(chuàng)建了城市房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。它包括經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)因子、人口評(píng)價(jià)因子、社會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)因子、資源評(píng)價(jià)因子和環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)因子5個(gè)方面。其中，經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)因子包括人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值、城市居民人均消費(fèi)性支出、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)投資增長(zhǎng)率、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占 G

64、DP的比重；人口評(píng)價(jià)因子包括城市人口密度、城鎮(zhèn)人口增長(zhǎng)率；社會(huì)評(píng)價(jià)因子包括城市化水平、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)率、城市用氣普及率、房地產(chǎn)從業(yè)人員勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬增長(zhǎng)率；環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)因子包括城市人均公共綠地面積、城市生活污水處理率、建成區(qū)綠化覆蓋率；資源評(píng)價(jià)因子包括土地開發(fā)面積增長(zhǎng)率、城市人均住宅使用面積、人均日生活用水量、房屋建筑竣工率。并利用這些指標(biāo)建立了功效函數(shù)，得出評(píng)估值，并將結(jié)果劃為5個(gè)檔次。</p><p>　　將循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的思

65、想引入房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)，構(gòu)建基于房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)體系。他們認(rèn)為房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)也有自己的 3R原則，減量化 REDUCE、再使用 REUSE、以及再循環(huán)RECYCLE。并將能源、資源指標(biāo)，土地使用指標(biāo)，環(huán)境指標(biāo)的具體內(nèi)容用 3R原則進(jìn)行分析，得出最后的結(jié)論。</p><p>　　通過對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、資源、環(huán)境、人口與社會(huì)等的分析，從宏觀角度分析了這些因素對(duì)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的影響，創(chuàng)建了房地產(chǎn)業(yè)指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)體系，共包括四大指標(biāo)體系：經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)

66、體系(包括經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、經(jīng)濟(jì)能力等二級(jí)指標(biāo))；資源利用的指標(biāo)體系(包括水、土地、森林、礦產(chǎn)、能源、綜合利用等二級(jí)指標(biāo))；環(huán)境指標(biāo)體系(包括水、土地、大氣、廢物、噪聲、環(huán)境保護(hù)等二級(jí)指標(biāo))；人口與社會(huì)指標(biāo)體系(人口、就業(yè)、人民生活、公共安全、滿意度)；制度與科教指標(biāo)體系(包括科教投入、科教發(fā)展程度、科教產(chǎn)出、制度等二級(jí)指標(biāo))，為房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了評(píng)價(jià)依據(jù)。并介紹了利用層次分析法(AHP)進(jìn)行房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平評(píng)價(jià)

67、的方法。</p><p>　　總之，學(xué)者們創(chuàng)建了房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系，介紹了對(duì)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展水平評(píng)價(jià)的方法。為房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的評(píng)價(jià)體系建立了基礎(chǔ)。筆者認(rèn)為，要建立房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的體系必須從多個(gè)方面著手，不論是政府，開發(fā)商還是購(gòu)房者都應(yīng)該以相關(guān)的原則為指導(dǎo)，來建立房地產(chǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展體系。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p>

68、;<p>　　[1] 趙華平.張所地.論中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展[J].技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì),2006(4).</p><p>　　[2] 郭蘇豫.論房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展[J].科技信息,2006.</p><p>　　[3] 佟克克.促進(jìn)中國(guó)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究[J].產(chǎn)業(yè)論壇,2006.</p><p>　　[4] 駢永富.房地產(chǎn)業(yè)必須走可持續(xù)發(fā)展的道路[J