外文翻譯---渣漿泵使用壽命問題

1、<p><b>　　渣漿泵使用壽命問題</b></p><p>　　影響渣漿泵使用壽命的因素有很多，諸如：水力設(shè)計與漿體的吻合性，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計是否合理。過流部件材料的好壞，輸送漿體的物理性質(zhì)、固含物的粒徑分布及平均粒徑大小，選型的合理與否，現(xiàn)場使用狀況等。如果將其歸類則只有兩個因素，即設(shè)計因素與選用因素。對選用因素可以在選型及使用中進(jìn)行完善調(diào)整，變動起來相對較容易一些。當(dāng)泵設(shè)計制造完成

2、后，在使用中若發(fā)現(xiàn)有設(shè)計缺陷與不足，再調(diào)整則較為困難。由此可以看出設(shè)計時充分考慮設(shè)計因素對后期使用壽命影響的關(guān)鍵性和重要性。提高渣漿泵使用壽命可以有諸多方法，現(xiàn)從設(shè)計方面提高其使用壽命給予分析。</p><p>　　7.1優(yōu)化水力設(shè)計方面</p><p>　　1. 采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計理論及模型</p><p>　　渣漿泵輸送的大多是含有固含物的漿體。在實際工況中基本

3、上沒有均質(zhì)漿體，在運(yùn)行中固含物軌跡總會與載體的流線脫離，并對過流部件產(chǎn)生一定的撞擊，從而形成磨損。因此在設(shè)計時首先考慮的是選擇優(yōu)良的水力模型，并采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計方法，如：兩相流、二元流等較為先進(jìn)的理論。依此設(shè)計的葉片曲線更符合漿體流動狀態(tài)，減少了撞擊和水力損失，可有效減輕磨損。</p><p>　　2. 選取合理的葉輪幾何參數(shù)</p><p>　　1）. 葉片進(jìn)口直徑D1</p>

4、;<p>　　葉片進(jìn)口直徑D1對渣漿泵的過流能力、過流部件的磨損能力及水力效率有一定影響。因此該數(shù)值的合理性選擇，對渣漿泵的性能及使用壽命有密切關(guān)系。一般常用如下公式：</p><p>　　D1=K1(Q/n)1/3</p><p>　　式中： Q———渣漿泵清水流量，單位為m3/h；</p><p>　　n———渣漿泵設(shè)計轉(zhuǎn)速，單位為r/min；&l

5、t;/p><p>　　K1———系數(shù)，該數(shù)值大小對泵效率和吸入性能影響較大，過大過小都不利，一般取3.5～4.5。</p><p>　　葉片進(jìn)口直徑D1過小，減小過流斷面積，這樣則會使渣漿在葉片入口處流速加快，固含物與載體產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重脫離，不僅加大了容積損失，從而更會造成泵過流部件不均勻磨損加劇，嚴(yán)重降低渣漿泵過流部件的使用壽命。在考慮泵過流部件具有較高壽命的前提下，同時為使泵具有較高的效率，建議

6、在設(shè)計時K1在3.5～4之間取值。</p><p>　　2）. 葉片寬度b </p><p>　　渣漿泵輸送的漿體多為含有不同粒徑組成的固含物，為減少固體顆粒對葉輪出口的磨損，在設(shè)計中應(yīng)將葉輪出口寬度b稍微大于葉輪進(jìn)口處寬度b1。這樣可以加大過流截面積，使葉輪流道內(nèi)相對速度減小，從而減輕葉輪的磨損。從另一個方面考慮，當(dāng)輸送含較大顆粒的漿體時，如：電廠除渣、洗煤廠混料泵。更需在設(shè)計取值基礎(chǔ)上

7、盡可能加大b1。在實際應(yīng)用中可根據(jù)具體情況選取相應(yīng)的公式計算取值。</p><p>　　3）. 葉片出口安放角β2 </p><p>　　由于漿體中不同大小的顆粒在葉輪中的運(yùn)動軌跡不盡相同，在設(shè)計時應(yīng)充分了解漿體粒徑組成及分布情況。小顆粒介質(zhì)受離心力小，從而沿葉片工作面運(yùn)動；大顆粒介質(zhì)受較大的離心力，運(yùn)動時遠(yuǎn)離葉片工作面。顆粒在蝸殼中的軌跡也是受離心力作用，這可從大量輸送尾礦漿的離心泵

8、更換下來的蝸殼得到驗證。觀察磨損的表面形狀，有明顯擦痕和凹坑是大顆粒介質(zhì)運(yùn)動留下的，一般在蝸殼流道遠(yuǎn)離葉輪外徑處；輸送精礦的蝸殼磨損后較均勻且光滑。大顆粒與小顆粒相比其運(yùn)動軌跡的出口角明顯偏大。</p><p>　　常用的β2 的范圍是18°～24°，在設(shè)計輸送含較大顆粒漿體的渣漿泵時，應(yīng)將葉片出口安放角適當(dāng)加大，這樣能減少顆粒與片出口的磨損，從而可提高葉輪使用壽命。相反，若設(shè)計輸送含較細(xì)小

9、顆粒漿體的渣漿泵時，應(yīng)將葉片出口安放角適當(dāng)減小。</p><p>　　3. 選取合適的壓水室形式</p><p>　　根據(jù)所輸送漿體中固含物顆粒的不同，在渣漿泵壓水室設(shè)計中，可選用螺旋型壓水室、準(zhǔn)螺旋型壓水室和環(huán)形壓水室。由于環(huán)形壓水室具有結(jié)構(gòu)對稱、簡單、不易造成顆粒的堵塞且容易制造的特點(diǎn)，最初選用該形式行設(shè)計的較多。為減緩過流部件的磨損，且使渣漿泵的效率較高。當(dāng)渣漿泵ns＜100時，可

10、將環(huán)形壓水室設(shè)計成完全同心；當(dāng)渣漿泵ns介于100～150之間時，可將環(huán)形壓水室設(shè)計成半同心。為減輕磨損，降低水力損失，目前，渣漿泵壓水室多設(shè)計成螺旋型或準(zhǔn)螺旋型。</p><p>　　為了最大限度地提高過流部件使用壽命，渣漿泵壓水室在設(shè)計時應(yīng)考慮以下兩點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　1）. 基圓直徑D3為了減輕隔舌處的磨損，可根據(jù)所輸送漿體中固體顆粒的大小，適當(dāng)增加隔舌和葉輪的間隙。該處間隙過

11、小，容易因液流阻塞而引起噪聲和振動，增加在隔舌處發(fā)生氣蝕的可能。間隙的適當(dāng)增大，不僅能減小葉輪外周流動的不均勻性，降低振動和噪聲，而且可使泵效率有所提高。需注意的是：該間隙也不可過大，否則，既增加徑向尺寸，又因間隙處存在著旋轉(zhuǎn)的液環(huán)流，消耗一定的能量，從而使泵的效率下降。通常取 </p><p>　　D3=(1.03～1.08)D2</p><p>　　式中：D2———葉輪

12、外徑mm。高GnGSs和尺寸較小的泵取大值，反之取小值。</p><p>　　2）. 隔舌頭部取較大半徑且盡量圓滑 壓水室中漿體的運(yùn)動情況與泵的工作點(diǎn)有關(guān)，在壓水室中漿體運(yùn)動有一個分岔點(diǎn)，分岔點(diǎn)的位置也與工作點(diǎn)有關(guān)。眾所周知，只有在設(shè)計點(diǎn)時，分岔點(diǎn)在隔舌上。若工作點(diǎn)偏離設(shè)計點(diǎn)時，漿體就會繞流隔舌，形成脫流、渦流，并發(fā)生撞擊。從而加劇隔舌的磨損。因此，為提高壓水室的使用壽命，在設(shè)計時應(yīng)將隔舌設(shè)計成取較大半徑的圓頭

13、。</p><p>　　7.2設(shè)計中選擇適用的材料</p><p>　　一種渣漿泵設(shè)計完成后，無論多高水平的水力結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，若選材不當(dāng)很難實現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場長時間穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。因此，選擇合適的材料來保證渣漿泵的使用壽命也顯得尤為重要。在設(shè)計中主要從介質(zhì)特性（PH值）、固體顆粒組成及物料性質(zhì)等方面進(jìn)行選擇合適的材料。適于選用的材料有很多個系列，包括金屬材料與非金屬材料。</p><p&

14、gt;　　1. 考慮輸送介質(zhì)的PH值，如設(shè)計參數(shù)中分別含有Cl-、HO-、H+較多時，則應(yīng)選擇相應(yīng)的耐蝕材料，如:GLH-5、C1、C3、不銹鋼等類材料。從而實現(xiàn)其耐腐蝕、耐堿、耐酸特性。</p><p>　　2. 考慮漿體中固體顆粒的幾何形狀及粒徑組成，若幾何形狀規(guī)則顆粒較小，且無鋒利的雜物。此時可優(yōu)選橡膠類、工程塑料等非金屬材料，這樣成本較低且使用壽命長。因這類材料有很好的耐磨性，只要材料表面不被異物劃破，其

15、使用壽命遠(yuǎn)大于金屬材料。反之，當(dāng)漿體中固體顆粒幾何形狀極不規(guī)則，粒徑組成分布較廣。此時應(yīng)選用硬度高、耐磨性好的材料，如硬鎳類、高鉻鑄鐵類、陶瓷類材料，因這類材料是靠本身的硬度和致密的金相基體組織來實現(xiàn)抗擊漿體中固體顆粒的磨損，即常說的“硬碰硬”。對介于兩者之間的漿體可選用中耐磨材料。諸如普通耐磨鋼類、耐磨球鐵類、低鉻類等材料?？傊谠O(shè)計選材時應(yīng)針對具體要適應(yīng)的不同工況，選取不同類型的材料。只有這樣才能做到“物盡其用”。</p&g

16、t;<p><b>　　7.3合理采用結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　泵的結(jié)構(gòu)型式可分為臥式和立式。臥式多是單級單吸懸臂式結(jié)構(gòu)。立式包括工作部淹沒水中的液下泵及工作部同電動機(jī)淹沒水中的潛水泵。立式泵其外觀結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同，在設(shè)計中可參照確定。對于臥式泵結(jié)構(gòu)可根據(jù)實際情況具體來選擇確定。為提高渣漿泵的使用年限，根據(jù)漿體的具體類型特點(diǎn)，可設(shè)計成雙殼體或單殼體結(jié)構(gòu)。對于漿體重量濃度大或

17、所含固體顆粒粒徑較粗大的漿體，在設(shè)計中應(yīng)選取雙殼體結(jié)構(gòu)較適用。此時需提醒的是應(yīng)設(shè)計出利于拆裝的合理結(jié)構(gòu)，如設(shè)計拆卸環(huán)等結(jié)構(gòu)。反之，則可選用單殼體結(jié)構(gòu)，在能滿足使用的前提下，該類結(jié)構(gòu)的渣漿泵體積更小，重量更輕，在現(xiàn)場更有利于拆裝、維護(hù)。[19]</p><p>　　7 Issue Of Slurry PumpLife</p><p>　　The impact of slurry pump l

18、ife by many factors, such as: hydraulic design and paste the line, and the structural design is reasonable. Over-current components of the quality of materials, transmission of the physical properties of slurry, containi

19、ng solid material particle size distribution and average particle size, the selection is reasonable or not, the use of state of the scene. If it is classified only two factors, namely, the design factors and selected fac

20、tors. Factors on the choice of se</p><p>　　7.1 Optimization of the hydraulic design </p><p>　　1. The use of advanced design theories and models </p><p>　　Slurry pumps are delivered

21、with solid content of the slurry material. In actual working condition, basically there is no homogeneous slurry, containing solid material in the running track of the Federation and the vector from the flow lines, and o

22、ver-current components have a certain impact, creating wear and tear. Therefore, in the design of the first consideration is to choose an excellent hydraulic model, and the use of advanced design methods, such as: two-ph

23、ase flow, such as more advanced d</p><p>　　2. To select a reasonable geometric parameters of impeller </p><p>　　1). Blade diameter D1 of imports </p><p>　　Blade diameter D1 of the i

24、mport flow of the slurry pump capacity, over-current capability and wear parts have a certain impact on water efficiency. Therefore the reasonable value of the option of slurry pump is closely related to the performance

25、and service life. Commonly used the following formula: </p><p>　　D1 = K1 (Q / n) 1 / 3 </p><p>　　Where: Q --- slurry pump water flow, units m3 / h; </p><p>　　n --- slurry pump desig

26、n speed, unit r / min; </p><p>　　K1 --- coefficient, the numerical size of the pump efficiency and performance of larger inhaled, is excessive or too small are adverse, the general take 3.5 to 4.5. </p>

27、;<p>　　Blade diameter D1 of imports is too small, reducing the flow section area, so that the slurry will flow to accelerate in the leaves at the entrance, solid objects with the vector containing serious from not

28、 only increased the volume loss, which may result in pump flow exacerbated by uneven wear and tear parts, seriously reduce the flow of slurry pump parts life. In considering the pump with higher flow components under the

29、 premise of life, at the same time so that high pump efficiency, it is pro</p><p>　　2). Blade width b </p><p>　　Slurry pump for conveying the slurry containing the composition of different size

30、with solid material, solid particles to reduce wear on the impeller exports in the design of the impeller outlet width b should be slightly larger than the width of the impeller entrance b1. This will increase the flow c

31、ross-sectional area, so that leaves the relative speed of rotation tract reduced impeller so as to reduce wear and tear. From another aspect, when the delivery of the slurry containing large particl</p><p>　

32、　3). Blade angle β2 placed export </p><p>　　As the slurry of particles of different size in the impeller in the same trajectory, in the design of slurry should be fully aware of the composition and distribut

33、ion of particle size. Small particles by the centrifugal force of small medium and thus movement along the blade face; large granular media subject to a greater centrifugal force, movement away from the blade face. Parti

34、cle trajectory in the spiral case is also affected by the centrifugal force, which could be the end of pulp from a la</p><p>　　Commonly used in the scope of β2 is 18 ° ~ 24 °, in the design of tran

35、smission with the larger particles of the slurry pump slurry, the leaves should be placed angle appropriate to increase exports, so that particles can reduce the wear and tear and chip exports, which can increase impelle

36、r life. In contrast, if the design of transport slurry containing smaller particles of the slurry pump, the blades should be placed angle appropriate to reduce exports. </p><p>　　3. Select the appropriate fo

37、rm of pressurized water chamber </p><p>　　According to the transport of slurry containing solid particles of different materials, pressurized water in the slurry pump room design, the use of screw-type press

38、urized water room, quasi-helical-type pressurized water chamber and annular pressurized water chamber. Pressurized water as a result of the ring with the structure of symmetrical room, simple, easy to plug the resulting

39、particles are easy to manufacture and the characteristics of the initial selection of the design of the form of mor</p><p>　　In order to maximize the service life of over-current components, pressurized wate

40、r slurry pump room should be taken into account in the design of the following two points: </p><p>　　1). Base diameter D3 every tongue Office in order to reduce the wear and tear, can be the basis of deliver

41、y of slurry of solid particles in the size of the tongue and repeat it at an appropriate increase in the gap between the impeller. The gap is too small, easy flow obstruction caused by noise and vibration, increases occu

42、rred in every tongue the possibility of cavitation. Appropriate gap increased, not only can reduce the flow of impeller peripheral inhomogeneity, reducing vibration and noise</p><p>　　D3 = (1.03 ~ 1.08) D2 &

43、lt;/p><p>　　Where: D2 --- impeller diameter mm. High GnGSs and size smaller pumping large value, small value of the other hand check. </p><p>　　2). Separated from the Department of the tongue and t

44、ry to get a larger radius of pressurized water chamber smooth paste with the movement of the operating point of the pump, the pressurized water in the slurry room there is a bifurcation point movement, the location of bi

45、furcation point with point of the work. As we all know, only in the design point, the bifurcation point in the following. If the working point of departure from the design point, the slurry will flow around the tongue se

46、parated</p><p>　　7.2 Design choice of the applicable material </p><p>　　A kind of slurry pump design is completed, no matter how high level of hydraulic structure design, if inappropriate materi

47、al is very difficult to achieve stable operation at the scene a long time. Therefore, the choice of suitable material to ensure the life of slurry pump also seems particularly important. In the design of the main charact

48、eristics from the medium (PH value), composed of solid particles and material aspects of the nature of the material choice. Selection of materials suitable fo</p><p>　　1. Consider the PH value of transmissio

49、n media, such as the design parameters, respectively, containing Cl-, HO-, H + more hours, they should select the appropriate corrosion resistance material, such as: GLH-5, C1, C3, stainless steel and other materials. In

50、 order to achieve its corrosion-resistant, alkali, acid-resistant properties. </p><p>　　2. Consider the slurry of solid particles in the geometric shape and size of the geometry of the rules if the smaller p

51、articles, and no sharp objects. Category at this time may be preferred rubber, engineering plastics and other non-metallic materials, so that lower-cost and long service life. Because such materials have good wear resist

52、ance, as long as the foreign body surface is not scratched, the metal material is much larger than life. In contrast, when the slurry of solid particles in a ver</p><p>　　7.3 Reasonable use of the structure

53、</p><p>　　Pump structure can be divided into horizontal and vertical. Mostly horizontal single-stage single-suction cantilever structure. Including the work of the Department of vertical liquid-submerged und

54、er the water pump and motor submerged in the water with the Department of the submersible pump. Vertical pumps look the same structure, the design can be identified by reference. Horizontal structure of the pump accordin