制動系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附 錄1</b></p><p>　　BRAKE SYSTEM</p><p>　　The braking system is the most important system in cars. If the brakes fail, the result can be disastrous. Brakes are actually e

2、nergy conversion devices, which convert the kinetic energy (momentum) of the vehicle into thermal energy (heat). </p><p>　　The brake system is composed of the following basic components: the “master cylinder

3、” 、“brake lines” 、 “brake hoses” 、“slave cylinders” . “brake disk” “filler block” and so on.</p><p>　　The typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brakes in the rear conn

4、ected by a system of tubes and hoses that link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder .</p><p>　　Stepping on the brake pedal, a plunger is actually been pushing against in the master cylinder which f

5、orces hydraulic oil (brake fluid) through a series of tubes and hoses to the braking unit at each wheel. Since hydraulic fluid (or any fluid for that matter) cannot be compressed, pushing fluid through a pipe is just lik

6、e pushing a steel bar through a pipe. Unlike a steel bar, however, fluid can be directed through many twists and turns on its way to its destination, arriving with the exact same</p><p>　　With drum brakes, f

7、luid is forced into the wheel cylinder which pushes the brake shoes out so that the friction linings are pressed against the drum which is attached to the wheel, causing the wheel to stop.</p><p>　　On a disk

8、 brake, the fluid from the master cylinder is forced into a caliper where it presses against a piston. The piston, in-turn, squeezes two brake pads against the disk(rotor)which is attached to the wheel, forcing it to slo

9、w down or stop. This process is similar to a bicycle brake where two rubber pads rub against the wheel rim creating friction.</p><p>　　In either case, the friction surfaces of the pads on a disk brake system

10、, or the shoes on a drum brake convert the forward motion of the vehicle into heat. Heat is what causes the friction surfaces (linings) of the pads and shoes to eventually wear out and require replacement.</p><

11、;p>　　Drum Brakes</p><p>　　So if disk brakes are so great, how come we still have cars with drum brakes? The reason is cost. While all vehicles produced for many years have disk brakes on the front, drum b

12、rakes are cheaper to produce for the rear wheels. The main reason is the parking brake system. On drum brakes, adding a parking brake is the simple addition of a lever, while on disk brakes, we need a complete mechanism

13、, in some cases, a complete mechanical drum brake assembly inside the disk brake rotor! Parking brakes</p><p>　　Wheel Cylinder</p><p>　　The wheel cylinder consists of a cylinder that has two pi

14、stons, one on each side. Each piston has a rubber seal and a shaft that connects the piston with a brake shoe. When brake pressure is applied, the pistons are forced out pushing the shoes into contact with the drum. Whee

15、l cylinders must be rebuilt or replaced if they show signs of leaking.</p><p>　　Brake Shoes Like the disk pads, brake shoes consist of a steel shoe with the friction material or lining riveted or bonded

16、to it.  Also like disk pads, the linings eventuallywear out and must be replaced.  If the linings are allowed to wear through to the bare metal shoe, they will cause severe damage to the brake drum.</p>

17、<p>　　Backing Plate</p><p>　　The backing plate is what holds everything together.  It attaches to the axle and forms a solid surface for the wheel cylinder, brake shoes and assorted hardware. 

18、 It rarely causes any problems</p><p>　　Reading material：Disk Brake</p><p>　　Disk brakes, like many automotive innovations, were originally developed for auto racing, but are now standard equipm

19、ent on virtually every car made. On most cars, the front brake are of the disc type, and the rear brakes are of the “drum” type. Drum brakes use two semi-circular shoes to press outward against the inner surfaces of a st

20、eel drum. Older cars often had drum brakes on all four wheels, and many new have 4-wheel disc brakes.</p><p>　　Though disc brakes rely on the same basic principles to slow a vehicle (friction and heat), thei

21、r design is far superior to that of drum brakes. Because disc brakes can fling off water more easily than drum brakes, they work much better in wet conditions. This is not to say that water does not affect them, it defin

22、itely does. If you splash through a puddle and then try to apply the brakes, your brakes may not work at all for a few seconds！Disc brakes also allow better airflow cooling, which also</p><p><b>　　譯 文&

23、lt;/b></p><p><b>　　制動系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　制動系統(tǒng)是汽車中主要的系統(tǒng)之一。 如果制動損壞，結(jié)果可能是慘重的。制動器是能量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置，它將汽車的動能（動量）轉(zhuǎn)化成熱能（熱量）。</p><p>　　制動系統(tǒng)是由下列基本的成分組成:“制動主缸”“制動管路”“制動軟管”“制動輪缸” “制動盤”和“襯塊”等等。

24、</p><p>　　典型的制動系統(tǒng)布置有前后盤式，前盤后鼓式，各個車輪上的制動器通過一套管路系統(tǒng)連接到制動主缸上。</p><p>　　踩著制動踏板時，事實上是制動主缸中的活塞通過一連串的管路和軟管強(qiáng)制液壓油（制動液）推入到每個輪子上。 因為液壓油液(或任何的流動性的物質(zhì)而言)不能夠被壓縮,推動液體經(jīng)過一個管路就像推動一個鋼筋通過一個管路。然爾，與鋼筋不同的是液體可以直接通過許多彎曲的地

25、方并可以任意改變方向，像它開始的那樣以相同的精確的壓力和運動到達(dá)某個地方。非常重要的是，液體是純粹的液體而且沒有空氣泡沫在它里面。當(dāng)空氣被壓縮，引起制動踏板的遲疑，并減少制動效率。如果懷疑有空氣，那么系統(tǒng)就會放出空氣，每個車輪上的放氣螺釘和卡鉗就是這個目的。</p><p>　　在盤式制動器中，主缸中的液體被迫壓縮到活塞中?；钊魍鶑?fù)運動，擠壓這兩個制動塊和連接著車輪的制動蹄。這個過程類似于自行車的剎車，自行車的

26、兩個橡膠板作用在車輪上制造摩擦。</p><p>　　鼓式制動器，流體是被迫進(jìn)入輪缸，推動制動蹄片向外運動，使摩擦襯墊作用于連接車輪的制動鼓。使車輪停止。</p><p>　　無論哪一種情況，盤式制動系中的摩擦表面，還是鼓式制動器中的制動鼓都是把車輪的往復(fù)運動轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闊崮?。熱能就是使制動襯墊和制動蹄上的摩擦消失并且代替。</p><p><b>　　鼓式制動

27、器</b></p><p>　　如果盤式制動器市場很大，為何我們?nèi)匀皇褂霉氖街苿悠?？原因在于成本?</p><p>　　而所有車輛零件的生產(chǎn)，多年來采用前盤式，后輪生產(chǎn)鼓式是由于它的價格低。主要的原因是停車制動系統(tǒng)。在鼓式制動器上，增加的一個駐車制動是一個很簡單手柄，而在盤式制動器上，我們需要一個完整的機(jī)制，在某些情況下，一個完整的機(jī)械鼓式制動器內(nèi)也有盤式制動器的配件！駐車制

28、動器必須是一個不使用液壓獨立的系統(tǒng)。它必須完全機(jī)械，但更多的用在停車制動器。</p><p><b>　　輪缸 </b></p><p>　　輪缸里有兩個對稱布置活塞。每個活塞有一個橡膠密封件，和連接活塞的活塞桿。當(dāng)制動壓力一定時，活塞被迫推動液壓與制動蹄接觸，從而實現(xiàn)制動。</p><p><b>　　制動瓦</b>&l

29、t;/p><p>　　Like the disk pads, brake shoes consist of a steel shoe with the friction material or lining riveted or bonded to it.  Also like disk pads, the linings eventually wear out and must be replaced.&

30、#160; If the linings are allowed to wear through to the bare metal shoe, they will cause severe damage to the brake drum.像磁盤絲帶、制動瓦是由鋼制成的摩擦材料或襯內(nèi)的鉚釘組成。像磁盤絲帶一樣，摩擦襯片也有壞的時候，那時必須更換。如果襯里的允許磨損到露出金屬瓦，他們將對制動鼓造成嚴(yán)重的損害。</p>&l

31、t;p><b>　　制動底板 </b></p><p>　　制動底板The backing plate is what holds everything together.  It attaches to the axle and forms a solid surface for the wheel cylinder, brake shoes and assorted ha

32、rdware.  It rarely causes any problems.制動底制動底版是起支撐作用的零件，它把一些零件固定起來。它對軸、輪缸、制動瓦、和各類金屬零件，形成了一個固體表面，很少導(dǎo)致任何問題。</p><p>　　閱讀材料:盤式制動器</p><p>　　盤式制動器像許多汽車創(chuàng)新一樣，最初是為了發(fā)展汽車?yán)悾F(xiàn)在事實上每輛車的制造幾乎都是用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)附件。 對于大

33、多數(shù)汽車，前制動器由盤式制成，后制動器由“鼓”式制成。鼓式制動器用兩個半圓蹄外向的反作用力壓在鋼鼓的內(nèi)表面。過去的車通常四個車輪都采用鼓式制動器，而現(xiàn)在許多新車則四輪均采用盤式制動器。</p><p>　　雖然盤式制動器依靠同樣的基本原理，以減緩車輛(摩擦而產(chǎn)生熱)，但其設(shè)計是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于鼓式制動器。由于盤式制動器在甩掉水處工作比鼓式制動器更可靠，盤式制動器可以在潮濕條件下工作得更好。 這并不是說水不會影響到它，它就