包裝材料外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2128字</b></p><p>　　Packaging materials</p><p>　　Packaging materials change rapidly on the development of science and technology, but also promote the ever-changing s

2、hape of the packaging. The development of aluminum cans technology make the birth of pop cans; flexible packaging drinks are favored by the emergence of composite materials. Familiar with the characteristics of various p

3、ackaging materials, and reasonably and science use in packaging design to design the beautiful and unique structure, is the necessary professional qualities of a </p><p>　　The design and use of packaging mat

4、erials</p><p>　　Development today, the use of the material in packaging is very broad, from natural to artificial packaging material, from a single material to synthetic materials. In the design of the packa

5、ging material scientific, economic and applicability are usually the basic principles in the choice of materials. At present, the most commonly used packaging materials are four categories: papers, plastic, metal and gla

6、ss.</p><p>　　1. Paper packaging materials</p><p>　　Paper packaging materials is one of the most widely used in packaging industry, its machining convenience, cost low and suitable for mass produ

7、ction mechanization, and molding and folding is well, material itself is also suitable for fine print.</p><p>　　(1) the type of paper packaging </p><p>　　Materials of paper packaging materials c

8、an basically be divided into paper, cardboard, corrugated three categories.</p><p>　　A. The main types of paper </p><p>　　Kraft paper bleaching paper cellophane </p><p>　　B. The

9、 main types of cardboard </p><p>　　Manila cardboard White Board yellow cardboard kraft paper composite processing cardboard </p><p>　　C. Corrugated board</p><p>　　Mainly by

10、the two parallel plane paper as a page of paper, inside and outside, through the middle nip the Corrugated Roller processed into the core wave corrugated paper. Paper are glued together by the tile adhesive in the besmea

11、red corrugated peak. Corrugated board are mainly used for boxes outside, to do for the protection of the supply chain of goods, but also smaller corrugated can be used as packaging material sales of goods or merchandise

12、cardboard packaging to the liner and a reinforceme</p><p>　　Corrugated board are many types, such as single-sided, double-sided corrugated board and double-layer or multi-storey corrugated board.</p>

13、<p>　　The corrugated board-type（GB6544—86）</p><p>　　(2) the standard of paper and cardboard paper</p><p>　　With the development of the paper making technical， related industry standards gr

14、adually emerge, the paper in the production, use, processing and other sectors are more standardized and internationalized.</p><p>　　(3) the performance of the paper and cardboard paper</p><p>　

15、　To understand the performance of the paper, rational use the different characteristics of the paper, will play a big role in the ultimate visual effects in packaging design.</p><p>　　A. The surface of the p

16、aper:</p><p>　　Such as smooth, hardness, adhesion, out of the powder and so on. </p><p>　　B. Physical properties of the paper:</p><p>　　Refers to the quantitative, thickness, streng

17、th, bending, texture, softness, non-fold degree of the paper. For example, in the design of glass paste, usually the lines should be in a horizontal direction for the printing and pasting, so that bottle firmly affixed a

18、dhesive, or vertical lines are very easily deformed, foaming, loss and impact the beautiful.</p><p>　　C. Printing suitable of the paper:</p><p>　　The different qualities of printing paper will h

19、ave an impact, like smooth, absorption of ink, hardness, and so out of the powder.</p><p>　　2. Plastic packaging materials</p><p>　　Since the plastic materials advent in the early 20th century,

20、it has gradually developed into the economy, and widely used as a packaging material, the use increased and the applications field continue to expand year by year. </p><p>　　Plastic is a synthetic polymer ma

21、terials, different with natural fibers of a polymer material, such as paper and cardboard. Polymer plastic polymers in the different ways of polymerization and composition, will form different forms, will also increase b

22、ecause of polymer materials heat or cool the processing environment, conditions and processing methods of the different crystalline state, and produce different results, so the final formation of a number of materials, p

23、erformance of different pro</p><p>　　In accordance with the form used for packaging, plastic packaging materials can be divided into two major types of plastic film and plastic containers.</p><p&g

24、t;　　For its high strength, oily water-strong, high barrier of the characteristics, plastic film has developed into an extensive use of the inner packaging materials and the production bags of material. Usually, the count

25、ry no more than 0.2 mm thick is made as the distinction to distinguish t sheet to film boundaries. Based on the use of the different needs, the processing methods of films have a lot of molding, but can basically be divi

26、ded into single-layer materials and composites two categories. </p><p>　　Plastic containers are created a rigid packaging containers in the case of using the plastic as substrate, it can replace the wood, gl

27、ass, metal, ceramics and other traditional materials in containers. The advantage is low cost, light weight, can be colored, easy production, chemical resistance, easy molding, and the shortcomings are not of high temper

28、atures and poor ventilation. </p><p>　　Plastic containers are molded with the following several major ways: First, Extrusion, Second, injection, Blow is the third.</p><p>　　3. Metal packaging ma

29、terials</p><p>　　Metal packaging materials have began to be applied in the early 19th century, initially to meet the needs of preservation of food at the long-term for the military expedition. With the devel

30、opment of industrialization, and the progress of manufacturing technological, metal packaging gradually become like white spoon packaging form by the people. It can be cut off from air, light, and water vapor entering an

31、d the aroma outing, confined good, anti-collision, can save food at a long time. And, with</p><p>　　Tinplate Paper is the first use in metal packaging materials. The history of aluminum be used in packaging

32、is later than that of iron sheet, but it's appears make metal packaging have a big leap. </p><p>　　In recent years, taking into account the costs of recycling the metal cans, saving resources and other f

33、actors, the use of composite materials and the integrated use of tank are more and more attention. The composite use of plastic film, foil, kraft paper and other materials in materials containers, can reduce weight, lowe

34、r prices, and empty cans are more recycling, it can used more to replace some liquid or powdered family daily necessities and food packaging.</p><p>　　4. Glass packaging materials </p><p>　　Glas

35、s has been applied as containers in the 15th and 16th century BC on the old-Egypt time, the main raw material of glass is natural ore, quartz stones, caustic soda, limestone and so on. Glass has a high degree of transpar

36、ency and anti-corrosive, and are not changing the nature of materials in contact with the most chemicals. Its manufacturing process is simple, free changing shape, hardness, heat, clean and easy to clean up and have the

37、characteristics that can be used repeatedly. Glass mainl</p><p>　　In accordance with the composition of glass it can be divided into the following: First, the sodium glass, Second, leaded glass, silicon glas

38、s is the third boron.</p><p>　　Glass containers produced in accordance with the method of molding can be divided into artificial blowing, machinery blowing and extrusion.</p><p>　　On the top it

39、introduces the four main applications of the current packaging materials. In addition, wood, ceramics, textiles, are also frequently used as packaging materials, especially in the packaging of native products. it also of

40、ten use to a wide range of supplementary material in packaging to fixed goods and enhance the protection of the role.</p><p><b>　　包裝材料</b></p><p>　　包裝材料依靠科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展而日新月異地變化，同時(shí)也促進(jìn)著包裝形態(tài)的千

41、變?nèi)f化。鋁罐技術(shù)的發(fā)展使易拉罐得以誕生；復(fù)合材料的出現(xiàn)使軟包裝飲料受到青睞。熟悉各種包裝材料的特性，在包裝設(shè)計(jì)中合理科學(xué)地加以運(yùn)用而設(shè)計(jì)出優(yōu)美獨(dú)特的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，是包裝設(shè)計(jì)人員必備的專業(yè)素質(zhì)。</p><p><b>　　包裝材料的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　包裝發(fā)展到今天，所使用的材料是十分廣泛的，從自然素材到人造包裝材料，從單一材料到合成材料。在包裝設(shè)計(jì)中對

42、材料的選擇則通常是以科學(xué)性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、適用性為基本原則的。目前，最常用的包裝材料有四大類：紙材、塑料、金屬和玻璃。</p><p><b>　　1.紙包裝材料</b></p><p>　　紙包裝材料是包裝行業(yè)中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種材料，其加工方便、成本經(jīng)濟(jì)，適合大批量機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)，而且成型性和折疊性好，材料本身也適于精美印刷。</p><p>　　(

43、1)紙包裝材料的種類 紙包裝材料基本上可分為紙、紙板、瓦楞紙三大類。</p><p><b>　　A: 紙的主要種類</b></p><p>　　牛皮紙 漂白紙 玻璃紙</p><p>　　B．紙板的主要種類 </p><p>　　馬尼拉紙板 白紙板 黃紙板 牛皮紙板 復(fù)合加工紙板

44、</p><p>　　C．瓦楞紙板 主要由兩個(gè)平行的平面紙頁作為外面紙和內(nèi)面紙，中間夾著通過瓦楞輥加工成的波形瓦楞芯紙。各個(gè)紙頁由涂到瓦楞楞峰的粘合劑粘合到一起。瓦楞板主要用于制做外包裝箱，用以在流通環(huán)節(jié)中保護(hù)商品，也有較細(xì)的瓦楞紙可以用做商品的銷售包裝材料或商品紙板包裝的內(nèi)襯和以起到加固和保護(hù)商品的作用。</p><p>　　瓦楞紙板的種類很多，有單面瓦楞紙板、雙面瓦楞紙板、雙層及多層

45、瓦楞紙板等。</p><p>　　瓦楞紙板的楞型（GB6544—86）</p><p>　　(2)紙和紙板的規(guī)格 隨著造紙技術(shù)的發(fā)展，相關(guān)的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)陸續(xù)出現(xiàn)，使造紙?jiān)谏a(chǎn)、使用、加工等環(huán)節(jié)更加標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和國際化。</p><p>　　(3)紙和紙板的性能 了解紙張的性能、合理利用不同紙質(zhì)的特點(diǎn)，對包裝設(shè)計(jì)最終的視覺效果會(huì)起到很大的作用。</p><

46、;p>　　A．紙張表面性能：指光滑度、硬度、黏合性、掉粉性等。</p><p>　　B．紙張物理性能：指紙的定量、厚度、強(qiáng)度、彎曲性、紋理走向、柔軟性、耐折度等。比如說在設(shè)計(jì)玻璃瓶貼時(shí)，通常應(yīng)使紙張的紋路處于水平方向進(jìn)行印刷和粘貼，這樣才能使瓶貼黏合牢固，否則縱向紋路很容易變形、起泡、脫落而影響美觀。</p><p>　　C．紙張適印性能：不同的紙質(zhì)會(huì)對印刷效果產(chǎn)生影響，像光滑度、吸

47、墨性、硬度、掉粉度等。</p><p><b>　　2.塑料包裝材料</b></p><p>　　自從20世紀(jì)初塑料材料問世以來，已逐步發(fā)展成為經(jīng)濟(jì)的、使用非常廣泛的一種包裝材料，而且使用量逐年增加，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大。</p><p>　　塑料是一種人工合成的高分子材料，與天然纖維構(gòu)成的高分子材料，如紙和紙板等不同。塑料高分子聚合時(shí)根據(jù)聚合方式

48、和成分的不同，會(huì)形成不同的形式，也會(huì)因?yàn)楦叻肿硬牧霞?lt;/p><p>　　熱或冷卻的加工環(huán)境、條件和加工方法的不同使結(jié)晶狀態(tài)不同，而產(chǎn)生不同的結(jié)果，因此最終形成了諸多材料、性能不同的產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　塑料包裝材料按照用于包裝上的形式，還可以分為塑料薄膜和塑料容器兩大類。</p><p>　　塑料薄膜以其強(qiáng)度高、防水防油性強(qiáng)、高阻隔性等特點(diǎn)，已發(fā)展成為使用廣

49、泛的內(nèi)層包裝材料和生產(chǎn)包裝袋的材料。通常，國內(nèi)把厚度不超過0．2mm作為區(qū)分片材和薄膜的界限。薄膜根據(jù)使用需求的不同，加工成型的方法也很多，基本上可分為單層材料和復(fù)合材料兩大類。</p><p>　　塑料容器是以塑料為基材制造出的硬質(zhì)包裝容器，可以取代木材、玻璃、金屬、陶瓷等傳統(tǒng)材料的包裝容器。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是成本低、重量輕、可著色、易生產(chǎn)、耐化學(xué)性、易成型等，缺點(diǎn)是不耐高溫和透氣性較差。</p><

50、p>　　塑料容器包裝的成型方法主要有下列幾種：一是擠塑 二是注塑 三是吹塑</p><p><b>　　3.金屬包裝材料</b></p><p>　　金屬材料的包裝在19世紀(jì)初期開始得到應(yīng)用，起初是為了滿足軍隊(duì)遠(yuǎn)征時(shí)長期保存食物的需要。隨著工業(yè)化的發(fā)展，制造技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，金屬包裝逐漸成為深受人們喜愛白勺包裝形式。它可以隔絕空氣、光線、水汽的進(jìn)入和香氣的散出，密閉性

51、好，抗撞擊，可以長時(shí)間保存食品。并且，隨著印鐵技術(shù)的發(fā)展，外觀也越來越漂亮?，F(xiàn)在常用的金屬包裝材料主要有馬口鐵皮、鋁及鋁箔和復(fù)合材料等。</p><p>　　馬口鐵皮是最早使用的金屬包裝材料。 鋁材用于包裝的歷史較鐵皮要晚一些，但它的出現(xiàn)卻使金屬包裝產(chǎn)生了大的飛躍。</p><p>　　近年來，考慮到金屬空罐回收處理的成本，節(jié)省資源等因素，復(fù)合材料的使用以及罐體材料的綜合使用越來越得到重視

52、。在容器材料上復(fù)合使用塑料膜、鋁箔、牛皮紙等材料，可以減輕容器重量、降低價(jià)格，空罐也更易回收處理，多用于替代一些液態(tài)或粉狀的家庭日用品和食品的包裝。</p><p><b>　　4.玻璃包裝材料</b></p><p>　　玻璃作為容器早在公元前15、16世紀(jì)的古埃及時(shí)就得到了應(yīng)用，玻璃的主要原材料是天然礦石、石英石、燒堿、石灰石等。玻璃具有高度的透明性及抗腐蝕性，與

53、大多數(shù)化學(xué)品接觸都不會(huì)發(fā)生材料性質(zhì)的變化。其制造工藝簡便，造型自由多變，硬度大，耐熱、潔凈、易清理，并具有可反復(fù)使用等特點(diǎn)。玻璃作為包裝材料主要用于食品、油、酒類、飲料、調(diào)味品、化妝品以及液態(tài)化工產(chǎn)品等，用途非常廣泛。但玻璃也有它的缺點(diǎn)，如重量大、運(yùn)輸存儲(chǔ)成本較高、不耐沖擊等。</p><p>　　玻璃按照成分可分為以下幾種：一是鈉玻璃 二是鉛玻璃 三是硼矽玻璃</p><p>　　玻璃容