外文翻譯---觸摸屏技性能綜述與比較

1、<p><b>　　附錄</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Touch-screen technology overview and comparison of performance</p><p>　　The basic principles of touch-scre

2、en</p><p>　　The current touch screen technology has been a growing number of manufacturers used in various fields, in the future and even now have a broader space for development, which is human intelligence

3、 into the high technology is the best embodiment of the era.</p><p>　　I believe we are not unfamiliar to the touch screen, touch screen system generally consists of two parts: the touch-detection devices and

4、 touch screen controller. Touch detection devices installed in front of the display screen for detecting user touch position, touch screen controller to receive evacuation; touch screen controller is a major role in the

5、detection device touch touch receive information and coordinate it into contact, send to the CPU, it can receive commands sent CPU and implemen</p><p>　　Touch screen technology has also gone through step by

6、step from low-to high-grade promotion and development. In accordance with its working principle, which is generally divided into four categories: resistive touch screen, capacitive touch screen, infrared touch screen and

7、 the surface acoustic wave touch screen.</p><p>　　Resistive Touch Screen</p><p>　　Resistance touch screen part of the screen body is a multilayer film, by a layer of glass or plexiglass as a gra

8、ss-roots level, the surface coated with a layer of transparent conductive layer (ITO film), and then covered with a layer above the outer surface after hardening, smooth scratch resistant plastic layer. Its inner surface

9、 is also coated with a layer of ITO, the conductive layer between two layers there are many small (less than one-thousandth inch) transparent isolation points separated</p><p>　　Resistive Touch Screen, if th

10、e ITO coating is too thin brittle fracture easily, thick coating will reduce the transparency and clarity to reduce the formation of internal reflection. As a result has often been touched, the use of ITO surface after a

11、 certain period of time there will be a small crack, or even change, so its not a long life.</p><p>　　Resistive touch screens are cheap and easy production, and thus remains a more common choice. Four-wire,

12、five-and seven-wire line, eight-wire touch screen to the emergence of more reliable performance, but also to improve its optical properties.</p><p>　　Capacitive touch screen</p><p>　　Capacitive

13、touch screens are plated on the four sides of the strip electrode, the internal exchange of a low-voltage electric field. Stickers have a touch screen thin-film transparent layer, which is a special kind of metal conduct

14、ive material. When the user capacitive touch screen, the user fingers and face to form a coupling capacitor, as the work surface then there are high-frequency signals, so the fingers will siphon off a small current, the

15、current from the four corners of the screen elect</p><p>　　Capacitance of the double-glass touch screen is not only to protect the conductor and the sensors are more effective in the prevention of external e

16、nvironmental factors on the impact of touch-screen, even if the piles of dirty screen, dust or grease, capacitive touch screen is still able to accurately calculate the touch location. However, as capacitance with temper

17、ature, humidity, or ground conditions vary, the stability of poor, often drift phenomenon.</p><p>　　Although not so widely applied resistive, capacitive touch screen is also popular for the type of election.

18、 Accuracy of such equipment, the reaction speed, size, slightly larger when a higher resolution, more durable (scratch resistant), and thus suitable for use as touch-screen console. Moreover, the new near-field imaging t

19、echnique to improve the capacitive touch-screen performance, weakened it and resistive touch screen that may occur in the phenomenon of drift.</p><p>　　Infrared Touch Screen</p><p>　　Infrared to

20、uch screen arrangement of the four sides of the infrared emission infrared receiver tubes and pipes, they form a one-to-one cross infrared matrix. Users touch the screen, the fingers will be blocked after the location of

21、 two infrared, the controller can be determined by calculating the location of touch points.</p><p>　　Infrared touch screens are also not subject to current, voltage and electrostatic interference, and suita

22、ble for some of the poor environment. Its main advantage is low cost, easy installation, can be used in the grade of the computer. In addition, the absence of capacitor charge-discharge process, response speed faster tha

23、n the capacitor, but with lower resolution.</p><p>　　Surface Acoustic Wave Touch Screen</p><p>　　Surface acoustic wave is an ultrasound, it is in the medium (such as glass or metal, such as rigi

24、d material) shallow surface-wave transmission of mechanical energy. Through the triangular wedge-shaped base (according to the strict design of the wavelength of SAW), can be targeted, small-angle firing of the surface a

25、coustic wave energy. Surface Acoustic Wave Properties of a stable, easy analysis and S-wave transmission in the course of a very sharp frequency characteristics, in recent years, nond</p><p>　　This touch-scr

26、een display of the four were fired with ultrasound transducer and receiving transducer, an ultrasound can be issued and covers the surface of the screen. When the finger touch screen, as part of acoustic energy absorptio

27、n, so that changes in the receiving waveform, that is, a waveform of a time gap attenuation, based on the attenuation of the signal controller can calculate the location of touch points.</p><p>　　Surface Aco

28、ustic Wave touch screen from temperature, humidity and other environmental factors, high resolution, has an excellent scratch resistant, and long life (50 million times without failure), high transmittance (92%), clear a

29、nd transparent to maintain the image; not drift, just installed a correction; a third axis (that is, the pressure axis) in response to the most suitable for use in public places.</p><p>　　Surface Acoustic Wa

30、ve touch screen vulnerable to water droplets, dust, the impact of improved methods to increase the dust, the dirt or to increase the monitoring, operation and identify the difference between dirt. In addition, because sc

31、reen can feel the pressure of sound waves virtually means increased control of the screen is very beneficial to the expansion of functions, their applications and therefore greatly expand the scope.</p><p>　

32、　Performance Comparison of touch-screen</p><p>　　Resistive Touch Screen with the outside world in an environment of complete isolation, it is not afraid of dust, water, gas and oil can be used to touch any o

33、bject more suitable for use in the area of industrial control. The disadvantage is that the outer layer of composite films as a result of the use of plastic, too much force or the use of sharp touch touch screen may scra

34、tch.</p><p>　　Capacitive touch screen high resolution, good light transmission rate, is well positioned to meet all the requirements, common in public places is such a touch screen. However, the capacitive t

35、ouch screen of the human body as a capacitor using an electrode, when near the conductor with interlayer coupling between the ITO face of the capacitor is large enough, the outflow of the current will cause the capacitiv

36、e touch screen malfunction; other wearing insulated gloves or hand-held objects when th</p><p>　　Infrared touch screen is measured by infrared-off to determine the location of touch with the optional touch-s

37、creen baffle transparent material has nothing to do (some simply do not have the use of any baffle). Therefore, the selection of a good tailgate light performance, and anti-reflective treatment, can be a very good visual

38、 effects. However, by infra-red limit the size of the launch tube can not be fired infrared high-density, so the resolution of this touch screen is not high. In addition,</p><p>　　Very stable surface acousti

39、c wave technology, and surface acoustic wave touch screen controller by measuring the decay time position in the timeline to calculate the location of touch, so its accuracy is very high. Surface Acoustic Wave touch scre

40、en also has a third axis (z axis), that is, the pressure axis - by calculating the received signal attenuation attenuation Department can force the user to touch the screen size, can be divided into 2 up to 5 up 6. Great

41、er strength, receive signal wave </p><p><b>　　中文原文：</b></p><p>　　觸摸屏技性能綜述與比較</p><p><b>　　觸摸屏基本原理</b></p><p>　　目前觸摸屏技術已經(jīng)被越來越多的廠家運用到各個領域，在現(xiàn)在乃至將來都有

42、更廣闊的發(fā)展空間，這是人類步入高智能科技現(xiàn)化時代的最好體現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　相信大家對觸摸屏都不陌生，觸摸屏系統(tǒng)一般包括兩個部分：觸摸檢測裝置和觸摸屏控制器。觸摸檢測裝置安裝在顯示器屏幕前面，用于檢測用戶觸摸位置，接收后送觸摸屏控制器；觸摸屏控制器的主要作用是從觸摸點檢測裝置上接收觸摸信息，并將它轉換成觸點坐標，再送給CPU，它同時能接收CPU發(fā)來的命令并加以執(zhí)行。</p><p>

43、　　觸摸屏技術也經(jīng)歷了從低檔向高檔逐步升級和發(fā)展的過程。根據(jù)其工作原理，其目前一般被分為四大類：電阻式觸摸屏、電容式觸摸屏、紅外線式觸摸屏和表面聲波觸摸屏。</p><p><b>　　電阻式觸摸屏</b></p><p>　　電阻觸摸屏的屏體部分是一塊多層復合薄膜，由一層玻璃或有機玻璃作為基層，表面涂有一層透明的導電層(ITO膜)，上面再蓋有一層外表面經(jīng)過硬化處理、

44、光滑防刮的塑料層。它的內(nèi)表面也涂有一層ITO，在兩層導電層之間有許多細小(小于千分之一英寸)的透明隔離點把它們隔開。當手指接觸屏幕時，兩層ITO發(fā)生接觸，電阻發(fā)生變化，控制器根據(jù)檢測到的電阻變化來計算接觸點的坐標，再依照這個坐標來進行相應的操作。電阻屏根據(jù)引出線數(shù)多少，分為四線、五線等類型。五線電阻觸摸屏的外表面是導電玻璃而不是導電涂覆層，這種導電玻璃的壽命較長，透光率也較高。</p><p>　　電阻式觸摸屏的

45、ITO涂層若太薄則容易脆斷，涂層太厚又會降低透光且形成內(nèi)反射降低清晰度。由于經(jīng)常被觸動，表層ITO使用一定時間后會出現(xiàn)細小裂紋，甚至變型，因此其壽命并不長久。</p><p>　　電阻式觸摸屏價格便宜且易于生產(chǎn)，因而仍是人們較為普遍的選擇。四線式、五線式以及七線、八線式觸摸屏的出現(xiàn)使其性能更加可靠, 同時也改善了它的光學特性。</p><p><b>　　電容式觸摸屏</b

46、></p><p>　　電容式觸摸屏的四邊均鍍上了狹長的電極，其內(nèi)部形成一個低電壓交流電場。觸摸屏上貼有一層透明的薄膜層，它是一種特殊的金屬導電物質(zhì)。當用戶觸摸電容屏時，用戶手指和工作面形成一個耦合電容，因為工作面上接有高頻信號，于是手指會吸走一個很小的電流，這個電流分別從屏的四個角上的電極中流出；且理論上流經(jīng)四個電極的電流與手指到四角的距離成比例，控制器通過對四個電流比例的精密計算，即可得出接觸點位置。&

47、lt;/p><p>　　電容觸摸屏的雙玻璃不但能保護導體及感應器，更能有效地防止外在環(huán)境因素對觸摸屏造成影響，就算屏幕沾有污穢、塵埃或油漬，電容式觸摸屏依然能準確算出觸摸位置。但由于電容隨溫度、濕度或接地情況的不同而變化，其穩(wěn)定性較差，往往會產(chǎn)生漂移現(xiàn)象。</p><p>　　盡管不像電阻式應用那么廣, 電容式觸摸屏也是受歡迎的供選類型。這類設備精確、反應快，尺寸稍大時也有較高分辨率, 更耐用

48、(抗刮擦), 因而適合用作游戲機的觸摸屏。而且，新出現(xiàn)的近場成像技術改良了電容式觸摸屏的性能, 減弱了在它和電阻式觸摸屏中可能出現(xiàn)的漂移現(xiàn)象。</p><p><b>　　紅外線式觸摸屏</b></p><p>　　紅外觸摸屏的四邊排布了紅外發(fā)射管和紅外接收管，它們一一對應形成橫豎交叉的紅外線矩陣。用戶在觸摸屏幕時，手指會擋住經(jīng)過該位置的橫豎兩條紅外線，控制器通過計算

49、即可判斷出觸摸點的位置。</p><p>　　紅外觸摸屏也同樣不受電流、電壓和靜電干擾，適宜于某些惡劣的環(huán)境。其主要優(yōu)點是價格低廉、安裝方便，可以用在各檔次的計算機上。此外，由于沒有電容充放電過程，響應速度比電容式快，但分辨率較低。</p><p><b>　　表面聲波觸摸屏</b></p><p>　　表面聲波是超聲波的一種，它是在介質(zhì)(例如

50、玻璃或金屬等剛性材料)表面淺層傳播的機械能量波。通過楔形三角基座（根據(jù)表面波的波長嚴格設計），可以做到定向、小角度的表面聲波能量發(fā)射。表面聲波性能穩(wěn)定、易于分析，并且在橫波傳遞過程中具有非常尖銳的頻率特性，近年來在無損探傷、造影和退波器等應用中發(fā)展很快。</p><p>　　這種觸摸屏的顯示屏四角分別設有超聲波發(fā)射換能器及接收換能器，能發(fā)出一種超聲波并覆蓋屏幕表面。當手指碰觸顯示屏時，由于吸收了部分聲波能量，使接

51、收波形發(fā)生變化，即某一時刻波形有一個衰減缺口，控制器依據(jù)衰減的信號即可計算出觸摸點位置。</p><p>　　表面聲波觸摸屏不受溫度、濕度等環(huán)境因素影響，分辨率極高，有極好的防刮性，壽命長(5000萬次無故障)，透光率高(92％)，能保持清晰透亮的圖像；沒有漂移，只需安裝時一次校正；有第三軸(即壓力軸)響應，最適合公共場所使用。</p><p>　　表面聲波觸摸屏易受水滴、灰塵的影響，改進

52、的方法是加防塵條，或者增加對污物的監(jiān)控，準確識別的操作和污物之間的區(qū)別。另外，由于聲波屏能感受壓力，無形中增加了控制手段，對屏功能的擴展十分有利，其應用范圍因此而大大拓展。</p><p><b>　　觸摸屏的性能比較</b></p><p>　　電阻式觸摸屏工作在與外界完全隔離的環(huán)境中，它不怕灰塵、水氣和油污，可以用任何物體來觸摸，比較適合工業(yè)控制領域使用。缺點是由

53、于復合薄膜的外層采用塑料，太用力或使用銳器觸摸可能劃傷觸摸屏。</p><p>　　電容式觸摸屏的分辨率很高，透光率也不錯，可以很好地滿足各方面的要求，在公共場所常見的就是這種觸摸屏。不過，電容式觸摸屏把人體當作電容器的一個電極使用，當有導體靠近并與夾層ITO工作面之間耦合出足夠大的電容時，流走的電流就會引起電容式觸摸屏的誤動作；另外，戴著手套或手持絕緣物體觸摸時會沒有反應，這是因為增加了絕緣的介質(zhì)。</p

54、><p>　　紅外線觸摸屏是靠測定紅外線的通斷來確定觸摸位置的，與觸摸屏所選用的透明擋板的材料無關(有一些根本就沒有使用任何擋板) 。因此，選用透光性能好的擋板, 并加以抗反光處理，可以得到很好的視覺效果。但是，受到紅外線發(fā)射管體積的限制，不可能發(fā)射高密度的紅外線，所以這種觸摸屏的分辨率不高。另外，由于紅外線觸摸屏依靠紅外感應來工作，外界光線變化，如陽光或室內(nèi)燈等均會影響其準確度。</p><p&