外文翻譯--熱擠壓模具的優(yōu)化設計

1、<p>　　Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of Hot Extrusion Dies</p><p>　　Abstract: A three-dimensional model of a hot extrusion die was developed by using ANSYS software and its second development langua

2、ge—ANSYS parametric design language. A finite element analysis and optimum design were carried out. The three-dimensional stress diagram shows that the stress concentration is rather severe in the bridge of the hot extru

3、sion die, and that the stress distribution is very uneven. The optimum dimensions are obtained. The results show that the optimum height of the extrus</p><p>　　Key words: three-dimensional method; modeling;

4、hot extrusion die; optimum design</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　With the continuous improvement of living standards, better thermal conductivity of aluminum alloy profiles. Aluminum components

5、widely used in every aspect of life. Therefore, the aluminum alloy extrusion profiles, profiles of various types of radiators have been widely used in electrical appliances, machinery, and other industries. Variable prod

6、ucts and the growing diversity and complexity of high-precision, the extrusion process is the basis for extrusion die. It not only determines the shape</p><p>　　Studies to improve extrusion die quality and p

7、rolong its life span usually attempt to simplify 3-D finite element model to 2-D, but it is only right for simple structural shapes. Without a 3-D finite element analysis, the results cannot give practical manufacturing

8、help and offer useful information[3-5]. In this paper, aluminium profile extrusion die was modeled to get in optimum design[6-8].</p><p>　　1 Solid Modeling</p><p>　　Figure 1 shows the male die o

9、f a hot extrusion planar combined die. Its external diameter is 227.000 mm, its height is 80.000 mm. Other parameters are shown in Fig. 1. The modeling method is as follows.</p><p>　　1.1 Coordinates of P1 an

10、d P5</p><p>　　The coordinates of the point of intersection between the beeline L (y = kx + b) and the circular arc (x2 + y2 =R2) are</p><p>　　1.2 Coordinates of P2 and P6</p><p>　　T

11、he coordinates of the intersection point (P2) between beeline L1 (y = kx+b) and beeline L2 (y =S1) are</p><p>　　The coordinates of the intersection point (P6) between beeline L3 (y = kx+b) and beeline L4 (y

12、=S1) are</p><p>　　1.3 Coordinates of P3, P4, P7, and P8</p><p>　　P3 and P1 are symmetric about the y-axis. P4 and P2 are also symmetric about the y-axis. P7 and P5 are symmetric about the x-axis

13、. P8 and P6 are also symmetric</p><p>　　about the x-axis.</p><p>　　1.4 Variables in the equations</p><p>　　In Eqs. (1)-(6), for points P1 and P2, and R = R1. For points P5 and P6,

14、 and R = R2.</p><p>　　R1, R2, T1, T2, S1, and S2 are the change rule along the height (H) of the die expressed as the functions R1=f1 (z), R2=f2 (z), T1=f3 (z), T2=f4 (z), S1=f5 (z), andS2=f6 (z)

15、, z €[0, H].</p><p>　　1.5 Section shape at some height</p><p>　　With lines linking P1-P4, P5-P8, with circular arc filleting at the point of intersection (P1-P8), the section shape at some heigh

16、t is obtained.</p><p>　　1.6 Section shape at every height</p><p>　　H is divided to interfacial number (INUM) equal parts (INUM is decided by the precision, if the INUM is higher, the precision i

17、s better). The section shape is drawn at every height as shown in Fig. 2.</p><p>　　1.7 Smooth curved surface</p><p>　　Using SKIN command in ANSYS, smooth curved surfaces were built along the lin

18、es. They are the surfaces of the influence hole. Using the VA (it generates a volume bounded by existing area) command, a solid was created from those surfaces.</p><p>　　1.8 Symmetry of the die</p>&l

19、t;p>　　The main body and kernel of the die were drawn using the Boolean operations of add, subtract, etc. (Fig. 3).The symmetry of the die was used to accelerate the computations using a 1/4-solid model for the finite

20、element analysis (Fig. 4).</p><p>　　2 Computing Model</p><p>　　A planar die that extrudes the aluminium alloy (6063Al-Mg-Si) was used as an example. The liquidoid of Al is 657℃[9], and the melt

21、temperature of Al+Mg2Si is 558℃. Taking the extrusion pressure and the products quality into account, the working temperature was determined to be 450℃.</p><p>　　The die material is 4Cr5MoSiV1(H13). Below th

22、e 450℃, its Young modulus and Possion ratio are 210 GPa and 0.25, respectively. Its yield strength is 1200MPa.The friction coefficient is 0.3. The Solid92 3-D solid element was used to carry through the free mesh. In ord

23、er to load the frictional force while extruding, the surface effect element Surf154 was used to produce the regular quadrangles (Fig. 5). For the 1600 t extruder, the extrusion intensity was computed using Eq. (7)[10]. T

24、he values are s</p><p>　　The bridge collapse often takes place in the die. And its strength is determined by the height and the distribution of the diffluence holes. In this paper, the height (H) and the rad

25、ii (R1 and R2) of the diffluence holes were used as design variables and the maximum equivalent pressure (smax) was used as the goal function.The design variable ranges are listed in Table 2.</p><p>　　3 Comp

26、uted Results</p><p>　　Figure 6 is the equivalent stress diagram. From Fig. 6 we can see that the stress is largest at the bridge, as expected 24 maximum equivalent stress values are listed in Table 3 from la

27、rge to small. The data shows that the nodal maximum equivalent stress is 1066.5 MPa, which is 14.5% higher than the second one (912.0 MPa), and that the stress convergence is very severe in the bridge, this part is apt t

28、o produce crack.</p><p>　　The initial value of the design variables R1, R2, H, q1, and q2 were 75.000 mm, 88.000 mm, 80.000 mm, 30.000, and 30.000, respectively, and the maximum equivalent stress smax= 106

29、6.5 MPa. In the 21 iterations, the optimum iteration was the eighteenth. The design variable values were R1=65.048 mm, R2=80.065 mm, H = 89.596 mm, q1=30.642, q2=20.045. The maximum equivalent stress smax= 723.1 MPa, w

30、hich is 27% less. The optimum results are shown in Table 4.</p><p>　　4 Conclusions</p><p>　　1) Based on ANSYS software, its second development language APDL was used to develop a 3-D model of th

31、e hot extrusion die that extrudes aluminium profile has been obtained.</p><p>　　2) The 3-D stress distribution was very uneven, with severe stress concentrations in the bridge of the hot extrusion die. The o

32、ptimal geometric design had 27% lower maximum stress, A better die will not only reduce die number but also reduce time lost changing dies, which will greatly heighten productivity.</p><p>　　3）Die cantilever

33、 design of large-scale streaming into false structure Not only is effective to reduce the pressure on the mold to take greater positive die as a result of dangerous sections of the fracture. greatly extend the life of th

34、e die, but this can not bring streaming bridge structure also more effective to reduce the thickness of the bottom die velocity, the velocity Extruded ensure a balanced, stable. Meanwhile, the structural design of the ex

35、trusion die for the wide disparity in thickn</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Karacs G. Computer aided methods for die design. Proceedings of the Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 1998, 2: 4

36、63-466.</p><p>　　[2]Mueller G. Design optimization with the finite element program ANSYS. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 1994, 7: 271-277.</p><p>　　作者： 帥詞俊; 肖剛; 倪正

37、順;</p><p>　　英文作者： SHUAI Cijun **; XIAO Gang; NI Zhengshun College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering; Central South University; Changsha; China;</p><p>　　[刊名]：Tsinghua Science and Technolo

38、gy , 清華大學學報(英文版), 編輯部郵箱 2004年 03期  </p><p>　　查詢來源： 中國學術期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫</p><p>　　查詢網(wǎng)址：http://59.69.171.7/kns50/scdbsearch/scdetail.aspx?QueryID=14&CurRec=1</p><p>　　熱擠壓模具的優(yōu)化設計&

39、lt;/p><p>　　摘要：熱擠壓模具立體模型開發(fā)利用ANSYS軟件及其二次開發(fā)語言ANSYS的參數(shù)設計，進行有限元分析和優(yōu)化設計。熱擠壓模具的三維應力分布很不均勻,懸臂梁有嚴重的應力集中。獲得最佳層面，數(shù)據(jù)結果表明最佳的高度是89.59630.1+5.6。擠壓模分流孔是最佳半徑 80.06565.048毫米和毫米，應力集中減少了27%。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：三位一體方式，造型，熱擠

40、壓模具，優(yōu)化設計</p><p><b>　　引言 </b></p><p>　　隨著生活水平的不斷提高,由于鋁合金型材的導熱性能較好，鋁零件廣泛應用于生活中的每一環(huán)節(jié)。因此，在鋁合金的擠壓型材中，各種類型的散熱器型材已被廣泛地應用在電器、機械等行業(yè)中。產(chǎn)品變的日趨多樣化、復雜化和高精密度化，擠壓模具是基礎的擠壓工藝。它不僅決定著產(chǎn)品形態(tài)、大小、精度和表面狀態(tài),而且影

41、響到產(chǎn)品的性能。所以擠壓模具是擠壓技術的關鍵。</p><p>　　擠壓模具研究改進質(zhì)量和延長其壽命通常試圖將三維有限元模型簡化為二維,但只不過是構造簡單的結構形狀。沒有三維有限元分析,其結果不能給制造業(yè)提供實際幫助和提供有用的資訊。本文主要介紹鋁型材擠壓模具優(yōu)化設計模型。</p><p><b>　　1實體造型 </b></p><p>　　

42、圖1主要顯示一種平面組合的熱擠壓模具。其外部直徑為227.000毫米,其高度為80.000毫米。其他參數(shù)見圖1，建模方法如下：</p><p>　　1.1坐標P1和P5</p><p>　　直線L(y = kx + b)和圓弧(x2 + y2 =R2)之間的相交點坐標是</p><p>　　1.2坐標P2和P6</p><p>　　直線L1(

43、y = kx + b)和直線L2(y =S1)之間的相交點坐標P2是</p><p>　　直線L3(y = kx + b)和直線L4(y =S1)之間的相交點坐標P6是</p><p>　　1.3 坐標P3, P4, P7, 和 P8</p><p>　　P3和P1是關于Y軸對稱。P4和P2也是關于Y軸對稱。P7和P5是關于X軸對稱。P8和P6也是關于X軸對稱。&l

44、t;/p><p><b>　　1.4 變量方程</b></p><p>　　由公式(1)-(6)，得點P1和P2，和R = R1.得點P5和P6，和R = R2。</p><p>　　R1,R2,T1,T2,S1和S2是沿著高度(h)的變化規(guī)律來表達模具的功能R1=f1(z),R2=f2(z),T1=f3(z),T2=f4(z),S1=f5 (z)

45、,和S2=f6(z),z €[0, H]。</p><p>　　1.5 在一些高度的部分形狀</p><p>　　用直線連接P1-P4, P5-P8,蘗與圓弧相交于點(P1-P8),在一些高度獲得了部分形狀。</p><p>　　1.6 在每一高度的部分形狀</p><p>　　高度劃分為若干界面(微粒)等部分(微粒決定著精密，如果微粒較高的

46、,精度更佳)。在每節(jié)高度形狀如圖2所示。</p><p><b>　　1.7 光滑曲面 </b></p><p>　　在ANSYS使用表面指揮,順利沿直線建立曲面，他們是影響面孔。利用VA(它利用現(xiàn)有的面積產(chǎn)生一定容量)指揮,從創(chuàng)立了堅實的表面。</p><p>　　1.8 對稱性模具 </p><p>　　主體和核心的

47、模具畫圖時用布爾操作增加,減掉等(圖3)。對稱性模具用于加速計算時使用的有限元分析模型為1/4-實體模型(圖4)。</p><p><b>　　2 計算模型</b></p><p>　　用擠壓鋁合金(6063Al-Mg-Si)的一個平面模具來作為例子。鋁的液相是657℃[9],Al+Mg2Si的熔體溫度是558℃?？紤]到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和擠壓壓力,工作溫度定為450℃。 &l

48、t;/p><p>　　模具材料是4Cr5MoSiV1(H13)。下面是450℃,它的華模和泊松比分別是210GPa和0.25。其屈服強度是1200mpa，摩擦系數(shù)是0.3。固92通過免費網(wǎng)用來傳送三維實體元素。為了負荷的摩擦力而擠壓，表面效應單元154經(jīng)常被用來生產(chǎn)組合體(圖5)。用擠壓機為1600噸,擠壓強度計算公式為(7)[10]。其值見列表1。</p><p>　　橋梁倒塌經(jīng)常是由于擠壓

49、，其高度和力量是分布在分流洞。本文中,高度(H)和半徑(R1 and R2) 是分流孔的設計變量,作為最高壓力(smax) 相當于作為目標的功能。設計可變幅度如下列表2.</p><p><b>　　3 計算結果 </b></p><p>　　圖6相當于應力圖。從圖6中我們能看見最大的壓力是在橋臂上，預計最大應力值等于24 從大至小見列表3。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,最高相當于節(jié)點應

50、力1066.5 MPa，這是14.5%,高于二之一(912.0 MPa)，這是非常嚴重的收斂壓力,在懸臂上這部分是容易產(chǎn)生裂縫的。 </p><p>　　初步設計變量值R1, R2, H, q1, and q2 分別是75.000 mm,88.000 mm, 80.000 mm, 30.000, and 30.000,最大當量應力 smax= 1066.5 MPa。在迭代21時 ,最佳迭代是第十八。設計

51、變量值R1=65.048 mm, R2=80.065 mm, H = 89.596 mm, q1=30.642, q2=20.045。最高壓力相當于 smax= 723.1 MPa, 即減少27%。 最佳結果見如下列表4。</p><p><b>　　4 結論 </b></p><p>　　1) 基于ANSYS軟件，三維模型用于研制二次開發(fā)語言APDL，它是根據(jù)鋁

52、熱擠壓模具概況取得。</p><p>　　2) 熱擠壓模具的三維應力分布很不均勻,懸臂梁有嚴重的應力集中。 最優(yōu)幾何設計最大應力降低了27%, 一個好的模具不但可減少模具加工人數(shù)也減少改變模具損失的時間，這將大大提高生產(chǎn)率。</p><p>　　3）將大懸臂的鋁型材模具設計成假分流模的結構，不僅有效地減小了由于模具承受較大的正面壓力所導致的模孔危險斷面的斷裂，極大地延長了模具的使用壽命，而

53、且，這種帶不分流橋的結構，還有效地減小了模孔底部較大壁厚處的流速，確保了擠壓型材流速的均衡、平穩(wěn)。同時，這種結構的擠壓模具設計方案，為壁厚相差懸殊的實心型材模具的設計，開辟了新的思路和途徑。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1]Karacs G. Computer aided methods for die design. Proc

54、eedings of the Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 1998, 2: 463-466</p><p>　　[2]Mueller G. Design optimization with the finite element program ANSYS. International Journal of Computer Applications i