工作面刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文4410字</b></p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Scraper conveyor of the status quo and development trend of technolo

2、gy</p><p>　　Abstract: The Face scraper conveyor of the machine and its head, tail, the central trough, ring linked, soft-start devices, components of the technical status quo and development trend, and made

3、China's development scraper conveyor Trend.</p><p>　　Key words: scraper conveyor with two, components, development trends.</p><p>　　In recent years, with high yield and high efficiency of th

4、e rapid development of intensive mine, the coal mine in a mine to achieve a high degree of concentration of wells a production model. Face the long arm as the main transportation equipment, the scraper conveyor transport

5、 capability mainly by high yield and high efficiency of the production capacity of the mine to decide, but also determines the scraper conveyor trend of development.</p><p>　　1 Technology status</p>&

6、lt;p>　　Since the 1980s, both at home and abroad scraper conveyor to the large volume, long distance, high-power, high-intensity, high reliability and long life direction. At present, the largest foreign Fully-face scr

7、aper conveyor to transport volume has reached 6000 t / h, installed power 4 × 800kW, distance 450 m. Domestic independent research and development of the scraper conveyor transport volume has reached 3500 t / h, ins

8、talled power 3 × 700kW, distance 300 m. With God East, and other large coal</p><p>　　2 Yuan parts of the technical status quo</p><p><b>　　2.1 Head </b></p><p>　　Wit

9、h the fully mechanized coal face of rapidly increasing production apacity, scraper conveyor-unloading has been difficult to meet the requirements of domestic and foreign large volume of heavy scraper conveyor adopt cross

10、-lateral institutions unloaded, the agency after several generations of improvements in the ability to offload , Efficiency, life and other aspects of a big increase. At the same time, unloading a high degree of reduced

11、support for the fully mechanized coal mining has brought </p><p><b>　　2.2 Tail </b></p><p>　　For long distance, high-power scraper conveyor, the chain tension need greater flexibilit

12、y trip, both at home and abroad using retractable tail, and is divided into manual and automatic tight chain tight chain. Manual tight chain system is regularly measured by the chain of artificial tension, stretching the

13、 tail, which can not guarantee the chain will always be in the best state of tension and the automatic system is the ideal tight chain of tension, as shown in Figure 1. The system in the chai</p><p>　　Figure

14、 1 automatically tensioning system</p><p>　　2.3 Sprocket components </p><p>　　Sprocket scraper conveyor components is the key component, and its development trend of improving the reliability of

15、 sprocket components, the price increase sprocket accuracy, improving heat treatment process to extend the life of sprocket. At present sprocket components in the structure of use of double-row tapered roller bearings,

16、light oil lubrication, nose and tail of the sprocket components are the same, through different gear reducer coupling connection with the replacement of underground</p><p>　　In addition, from sprocket on the

17、 tooth to be improved, for example, a company design the GR-sprocket and there is great difference between conventional sprocket, which always has three sprocket tooth led the entire load. 3 tooth contact will inevitably

18、 reduce the wear chain and sprocket, thereby extending the life of the chain and sprocket, reducing the chain elongation, power transmission efficiency is higher.</p><p>　　2.4 Soft-start devices </p>

19、<p>　　Foreign advanced conveyor transmission use of soft-start technology, in scraper conveyor on the successful use of the soft-start main valve control device-filled hydraulic coupler, CST controllable start and t

20、he exchange of electrical transmission system, such as Frequency Control . Because there is no domestic mature technologies and products, the China-made high-power scraper conveyor used in soft-start device for all impor

21、ted products. Figure 2 was developed by Germany-filled hydraulic valve </p><p>　　2.4.1-filled hydraulic valve control coupled with the principal technical characteristics</p><p>　　⑴ can achieve

22、the empty scraper conveyor start and overload protection;</p><p>　　Change can be achieved through </p><p>　?、?scraper conveyor the frequent start, without limitation start frequency; </p>

23、<p>　　⑶ through hydraulic coupler divisions will also re-order the multi-drive can be achieved under the load balancing;</p><p>　?、?slow post-mortem can be linked; </p><p>　?、?dual-chamber

24、 design, compact, power transmission components without mechanical contact, high reliability.</p><p>　　⑹ with water as a working fluid, safe and convenient and cheap, through pipes or water supply, drainage

25、tube through the pump row, row of pressure from the main hydraulic motor-driven cycle produced by the pilot of the portfolio directly to the valve To control the water cycle;</p><p>　　⑺ without affecting the

26、 power transmission circumstances, * Change to heat through. </p><p>　　Figure 2 DTP-valve-controlled oil-filled hydraulic coupler</p><p>　　2.4.2CST controlled transmission system activated the m

27、ain technical characteristics </p><p>　　⑴ in any load can track any launch curve, the speed of plus or minus any adjustment;</p><p>　?、?relative speed hydraulic coupler, the transmission efficie

28、ncy;</p><p>　?、?an arbitrary controlled under the conditions of parking capacity；</p><p>　?、?can be driven to achieve more balance of power between the high-precision, balance accuracy up to 98

29、percent;</p><p>　?、?conveyor of all mechanical, electrical system overload protection, the protection system fast response;</p><p>　　⑹ be running low on time, and cashing in on the trend post-mo

30、rtem chain;</p><p>　　⑺ scene debugging simple, it is easy to modify the parameters online and debugging.</p><p>　　2.4.3 AC motor technology the main technical characteristics </p><p&g

31、t;　　⑴ and other soft-start mode compared to the full realization of electrical soft-start control, scraper conveyor drive system and power supply system to maximize the simplification; </p><p>　?、?start-up t

32、ime can be loaded with self-regulation; </p><p>　?、?achieved a scraper conveyor loaded with empty and the smooth start-up; </p><p>　　⑷ significantly reduce the starting current and improve the q

33、uality of electricity supply grid, power grid to reduce impact.</p><p>　　2.5 Central groove </p><p>　　Central trough conveyor of the whole face of the trunk, its life is a measure of an importan

34、t indicator of life. At present the central trough use of Σ trough-shaped cross section for the whole cast back cover welding structure, life expectancy has reached 10 million t. To further improve the service life of th

35、e major manufacturers of domestic and foreign central trough of form, structure and materials have done a great deal of research. Such as Germany of a company through research and developm</p><p>　　Figure 3

36、scraper and Σ arc-shaped cross section and the section for surface trough comparison</p><p>　　From top to bottom for a slot on the design, shown in Figure 4, from top to bottom slot for the same, you can cho

37、ose any thickness and width of the plate in the central trough design makes for greater flexibility. Slot for each board and the central slot between the two Weld, the central side of the trough of four seam, only on the

38、 inside of the tank to help withstand the wear and tear a seam, even if it was polished welds , The central trough can maintain a high degree of stability.</p><p>　　Figure 4 4-steel tank to help design and w

39、ear contour</p><p>　　Help create a slot on the Rolling materials, steel rolling on the surface than the smooth casting of steel, small friction. Central tank plate using high-strength steel hardening Wear-re

40、sistant, wear little. Rolling in the central trough lateral welding dumbbell Block, will not help reduce the thickness of groove. Forging dumbbell on the design and ensure that the central trough Yaling not Block damage,

41、 and the youngest is basically breaking strength of 1.5 times the dumbbell, so the fault is al</p><p>　　Another trough of the central structure of the tank from top to bottom-of-duplication, this form can be

42、 set from top to bottom groove and the failure of different conditions for different structural design and material selection, and easy on the replacement tank, will help improve strength and Life. The central trough in

43、the form of SGZ880 / 2 × 400-type double-stranded in the cross-side dumping in the face scraper conveyor has been successfully applied. </p><p>　　2.6 Ring linked </p><p>　　Circle as a scrap

44、er conveyor chain of traction, its tensile strength directly related to the reliability of. At present, China's largest ring linked to φ42 mm × 146mm compact chain, tensile strength of 2270 kN, the largest forei

45、gn ring linked to φ48 mm × 152mm compact chain, tensile strength of 3550 kN. With the ring linked the increasing size of the central trough of higher and higher, conveyor magnificent performance declined, the gatewa

46、y if not thorough clean-up will also affect passage of co</p><p>　　2.6.1 Materials and Technology </p><p>　　In order to improve the roundabout chain of tensile strength, the current foreign Grad

47、e C and D-linked ring in the large-sized materials with 23 MnNiCrMo54, 23MnNiCrMo54 and 23 MnNiCrMo64 scouring steel, tensile strength limit ≥ 1600 ~ 1800 MPa. Welding Technology: the use of advanced welding equipment, w

48、elding and the use of flash returns processing technology, successfully resolved the surfacing of the process of overheating, such as a burning issue. In quality testing, the use of scanning str</p><p>　　2.6

49、.2 form and geometry </p><p>　　In 1985 the first to create a company 38 mm × 137mm flat chain. Flat is linked each of the chain is still ring-Central, Central was "squeezed" the flat ring. Fla

50、t chain link sliding work to reduce the size of the increase in the chain of slot pressure on the units and improve the legislation of the Central wear resistance; reduce its high level of the chain more easily through t

51、he sprocket, but can also reduce the capacity of power transmission and Bays of a high degree. Modern high-performance </p><p>　　Figure 5 conventional chain and a new wide-body linked flat</p><p&g

52、t;　　In 2003, the company has developed a wide-body at a flat linked, as shown in Figure 5. It is a high-intensity, low-chain, has the following characteristics:</p><p>　　⑴ using this chain can reduce the hig

53、h scraper chain, thereby reducing the central trough height, eventually reduce the use of high-mining, coal mining to meet thin. </p><p>　　⑵ using this chain can reduce the use of power, or power in the same

54、 circumstances, increase the length of face, it will greatly reduce the workload of opening up, reducing the number of face move.</p><p>　　⑶ this forging of wide-body flat link chain has increased the contac

55、t area, can improve the chain link at the same time reduce the intensity of the wear and helps to maintain the rigidity of chain link. Such as a flat 42 mm chain can take 2 × 855kW of installed power, and 50 mm wide

56、-body flat can be linked up to 3 × 1000kW bear the installed power.</p><p>　　2.6.3 intelligent conveyor chain </p><p>　　As unable to accurately predict the failure of the chain, according t

57、o conventional practices are generally ahead of the replacement of the chain. In 2005 a company with a number of research institutes to study the development of a conveyor chain-detection system, as shown in Figure 6. Th

58、is is a combination of integrated sensor technology of intelligent conveyor chain, it will stress the chain of real-time record, the help of micro-electronics technology devices, from computers that the chain of</p>

59、;<p>　　2.7 The link chain </p><p>　　The link chain-rings are used for the link chain and ring for legislation to link the two in recent years has tended to adopt legislation to link the ring, then suc

60、h a chain link through the sprocket and not linked A round of contacts, so there will not be worn.</p><p>　　Blockmaster the link chain is a new legislation for a flat linked to the Central chain link shown i

61、n Figure 7, because of their extreme length of closure, at the time of installation without relaxation chain; their innovative design concept, two-way installation, do not have to consider the direction of transmission,

62、There is the possibility of anti-loaded, the link chain block in central lock can be avoided chain kink, but also increased the strength of the link chain, such as 42 mm × 146mm Blo</p><p>　　Figure 6 sm

63、art conveyor chain</p><p>　　2.8 High-power transmission gear</p><p>　　Scraper conveyor of the low-speed transmission is characterized by heavy, impact resistance, small in size but poor lubricat

64、ion and cooling. In order to obtain high-performance gear transmission device, to be constantly raise the level of product and manufacturing standards involved. </p><p>　　Figure 7 Blockmaster the link chain&

65、lt;/p><p>　　2.8.1 raising the level of design</p><p>　　Raise design standards to improve the design means first of all, the use of advanced design techniques. At present, some companies developed b

66、ased on the load and deformation of the tooth contour design and calculation software and books used in high gear shift, with the bending stress on the tooth for finite element analysis to improve the shape of teeth with

67、 the transition to full gear in case meshing State be greatly improved and increased contact with strength,elasticity and the use of finit</p><p>　　2.8.2 raising the level of manufacturing </p><p&

68、gt;　　Scraper conveyor gear more than a surface treatment of advanced hardening of low carbon steel materials, the hardening process are: carburizing, nitrogen and surface hardening. With the increase in power transmissio

69、n gear, the relative size decreases, Chilian contact stress and teeth with a substantial increase in bending stress. Gear crystal material between the impurities often become the source of fatigue crack initiation. At pr

70、esent, the major international manufacturers scraper conveyor wid</p><p>　　3 China scraper conveyor direction of development</p><p>　　With coal mine production of intensive development, has a lo

71、ng wall face fully mechanized coal mining equipment and technology has been to the high-end development, to meet the production capacity, a high degree of automation, safety and reliability of production requirements. At

72、 present, China's scraper conveyor of the design and manufacture close to the level of similar foreign models, but in the life of key components, reliability and innovation in such areas as compared with foreign coun

73、trie</p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　工作面刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　摘要：闡述了工作面刮板輸送機(jī)整機(jī)及機(jī)頭、機(jī)尾、中部槽、圓環(huán)鏈、軟啟動(dòng)裝置等元部件的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，并提出了我國(guó)刮板輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：刮板輸送機(jī)；元部件；技術(shù)

74、現(xiàn)狀；發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。</p><p>　　近年來(lái)隨著高產(chǎn)高效集約化礦井的迅速發(fā)展，煤礦都在爭(zhēng)取實(shí)現(xiàn)一礦一井一面的高度集約化生產(chǎn)模式。作為長(zhǎng)臂工作面的主要運(yùn)輸設(shè)備，刮板輸送機(jī)的輸送能力主要由高產(chǎn)高效礦井的生產(chǎn)能力來(lái)決定，同時(shí)也決定了刮板輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。</p><p><b>　　1整機(jī)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p>　　20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái)，國(guó)

75、內(nèi)外刮板輸送機(jī)都在向大運(yùn)量、長(zhǎng)運(yùn)距、大功率、高強(qiáng)度、長(zhǎng)壽命與高可靠性方向發(fā)展。目前，國(guó)外綜采最大的工作面刮板輸送機(jī)，去運(yùn)量已達(dá)6000t/h，裝機(jī)功率4×800kW，運(yùn)距450m。國(guó)內(nèi)自主研發(fā)的刮板輸送機(jī)運(yùn)量已達(dá)3500t/h，裝機(jī)功率3×700kW，運(yùn)距300m。隨著神東等大型煤炭基地400m工作面的出現(xiàn)，國(guó)產(chǎn)刮板輸送機(jī)將朝著更大型的方向發(fā)展。但是運(yùn)量、運(yùn)距和功率的增大受到諸多因素的限制。首先，中部槽的高度不宜太高

76、，否則會(huì)影響裝煤效果。其次，輸送機(jī)的長(zhǎng)度也不宜太長(zhǎng)，會(huì)降低推進(jìn)速度。然后最主要的影響因素還在于關(guān)鍵元部件的技術(shù)性能和壽命。所以，在刮板輸送機(jī)向大型化發(fā)展的同時(shí)，高性能元部件的研發(fā)將成為今后刮板輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展重點(diǎn)，軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)、工況檢測(cè)、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)控制等機(jī)電一體化技術(shù)的運(yùn)用將成為今后刮板輸送機(jī)發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志。</p><p><b>　　2元部件的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p&

77、gt;<b>　　2.1機(jī)頭部</b></p><p>　　隨著綜采工作面的生產(chǎn)能力迅速提高，刮板輸送機(jī)端卸載已經(jīng)難以滿足要求，國(guó)內(nèi)外大運(yùn)量重型刮板輸送機(jī)均采用交叉?zhèn)刃遁d機(jī)構(gòu)，該機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)過(guò)幾代改進(jìn)，在卸載能力、效率、壽命等方面都有了很大的提高。同時(shí)，卸載高度的降低也為綜采配套帶來(lái)了便利。</p><p><b>　　2.2機(jī)尾</b></p&

78、gt;<p>　　對(duì)于長(zhǎng)運(yùn)距、大功率刮板輸送機(jī)，鏈條張緊需要較大的伸縮行程，目前國(guó)內(nèi)外均采用可伸縮機(jī)尾，并分為手動(dòng)緊鏈系統(tǒng)和自動(dòng)緊鏈系統(tǒng)。手動(dòng)緊鏈系統(tǒng)是靠人工定時(shí)測(cè)量鏈條張力，伸縮機(jī)尾，所以不能保證鏈條始終處于最佳張緊狀態(tài)；而自動(dòng)緊鏈系統(tǒng)才是理想的張緊方式，如圖1所示。該系統(tǒng)在鏈條與機(jī)頭、機(jī)尾驅(qū)動(dòng)鏈輪分離后的鏈道下方安置有張力傳感器，根據(jù)鏈條的實(shí)際張力控制張緊油缸。使用了這種自動(dòng)緊鏈系統(tǒng)，輸送機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)鏈條將始終保持最佳張緊

79、狀態(tài)，延長(zhǎng)了鏈條的使用壽命，縮短了停機(jī)時(shí)間。</p><p><b>　　2.3鏈輪組件</b></p><p>　　鏈輪組件是刮板輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵元件，其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)時(shí)提高鏈輪組件的可靠性，提高鏈輪的價(jià)格精度，改進(jìn)熱處理工藝，延長(zhǎng)鏈輪的使用壽命。</p><p><b>　　圖1自動(dòng)張緊系統(tǒng)</b></p><

80、;p>　　目前鏈輪組件在結(jié)構(gòu)上多采用雙列圓錐滾子軸承，稀油潤(rùn)滑，機(jī)頭和機(jī)尾的鏈輪組件是一樣的，通過(guò)不同的齒輪聯(lián)軸器與減速器聯(lián)接，在井下更換時(shí)不用拆卸減速器；鏈輪采用高強(qiáng)度合金鋼，吃面淬火硬度達(dá)到HRC55，有效硬化層深度達(dá)10mm以上，使用壽命可達(dá)到400～500萬(wàn)t過(guò)媒量。</p><p>　　另外，從鏈輪的齒形上加以改進(jìn)，例如，某公司設(shè)計(jì)的GR型鏈輪與常規(guī)鏈輪就有很大區(qū)別，這種鏈輪始終有3各輪齒帶動(dòng)整個(gè)

81、載荷。3個(gè)輪齒接觸必然會(huì)降低鏈輪和鏈條的磨損，從而延長(zhǎng)鏈輪和鏈條的使用壽命，減小鏈條伸長(zhǎng)率，功率傳輸效率也較高。</p><p><b>　　2.4軟啟動(dòng)裝置</b></p><p>　　國(guó)外先進(jìn)的輸送機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置多采用軟啟動(dòng)技術(shù)，目前在刮板輸送機(jī)上成功使用的軟啟動(dòng)裝置主要有閥控充液式液力耦合器、CST可控啟動(dòng)傳輸系統(tǒng)和交流電機(jī)變頻調(diào)速等。因國(guó)內(nèi)尚無(wú)成熟的技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品，所

82、以國(guó)產(chǎn)大功率刮板輸送機(jī)采用的軟啟動(dòng)裝置全部為進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品。圖2為德國(guó)研制的DTP閥控充液式液力耦合器。</p><p>　　圖2DTP閥控充液式液力耦合器</p><p>　　2.4.1閥控充液式液力耦合器的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)</p><p>　?、趴梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)刮板輸送機(jī)的空載啟動(dòng)和過(guò)載保護(hù)；</p><p>　?、仆ㄟ^(guò)換水可以實(shí)現(xiàn)刮板輸送機(jī)的頻繁啟動(dòng)，而

83、不必限制啟動(dòng)頻率；</p><p>　?、峭ㄟ^(guò)告便液力耦合器的重也順序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)多機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)下的負(fù)載平衡；</p><p>　?、瓤梢詫?shí)現(xiàn)慢速驗(yàn)鏈；</p><p>　?、呻p腔設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊；功率傳遞部件無(wú)機(jī)械接觸，可靠性高。</p><p>　?、室郧逅鳛楣ぷ饕?，安全方便而且廉價(jià)，可以通過(guò)水管或水箱供水，通過(guò)排液泵管排水，排液壓力由主電機(jī)帶動(dòng)的

84、液力循環(huán)產(chǎn)生，通過(guò)本安型先導(dǎo)組合閥直接對(duì) 水循環(huán)進(jìn)行控制；</p><p>　?、嗽诓挥绊懝β蕚鬏?shù)那闆r下，通過(guò)換水來(lái)散熱。</p><p>　　2.4.2CST可控啟動(dòng)傳輸系統(tǒng)的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)</p><p>　?、旁谌我廨d荷下可以跟蹤任何啟動(dòng)曲線，加減速度任意調(diào)節(jié)；</p><p>　?、葡鄬?duì)調(diào)速型液力耦合器而言，傳動(dòng)效率高；</p&

85、gt;<p>　?、蔷哂腥我鈼l件下的可控停車(chē)能力。</p><p>　?、瓤蓪?shí)現(xiàn)多點(diǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)之間高精度的功率平衡，平衡精度可達(dá)98%；</p><p>　?、蓪?duì)輸送機(jī)所有機(jī)械、電器系統(tǒng)提供過(guò)載保護(hù)，保護(hù)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)速度快；</p><p>　?、士梢陨蠒r(shí)間低速運(yùn)行，實(shí)現(xiàn)免俗驗(yàn)鏈；</p><p>　　⑺現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試簡(jiǎn)單，可以很方便地在線進(jìn)行

86、參數(shù)修改與調(diào)試。</p><p>　　2.4.3交流電機(jī)變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)</p><p>　?、排c其他軟啟動(dòng)方式相比，全部實(shí)現(xiàn)了電器軟啟動(dòng)控制，刮板輸送機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和供電系統(tǒng)得到最大的簡(jiǎn)化；</p><p>　?、茊?dòng)時(shí)間可隨負(fù)載自行調(diào)節(jié)；</p><p>　?、菍?shí)現(xiàn)了刮板輸送機(jī)滿載及空載的平穩(wěn)啟動(dòng)；</p><p

87、>　?、却蠓冉档土藛?dòng)電流，提高電網(wǎng)供電質(zhì)量，減少電網(wǎng)沖擊。</p><p><b>　　2.5中部槽</b></p><p>　　中部槽是整個(gè)工作面輸送機(jī)的軀干，其使用壽命是衡量整機(jī)使用壽命的重要指標(biāo)。目前中部槽多采用∑形斷面槽幫、整體鑄焊封底結(jié)構(gòu)，壽命已達(dá)1000萬(wàn)t。為了進(jìn)一步提高使用壽命，國(guó)內(nèi)外主要生產(chǎn)廠商對(duì)中部槽外形、結(jié)構(gòu)及材料等方面有進(jìn)行了大量的研

88、究。如德國(guó)某公司通過(guò)研究和開(kāi)發(fā)，撥那個(gè)在井下對(duì)不同斷面的中部槽進(jìn)行大量試驗(yàn)，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)，與∑形斷面槽幫相比，弧形斷面槽幫使刮板與槽幫內(nèi)側(cè)面接觸液力小，從而減小摩擦阻力，降低功率消耗，延長(zhǎng)中部槽和刮板的壽命。刮板與∑形斷面和弧形斷面槽幫接觸面比較如圖3所示。</p><p>　　槽幫上采用上下分體設(shè)計(jì)，如圖4所示，上下槽幫完全相同，可以選擇任意厚度和寬度的中板使得中部槽設(shè)計(jì)有更大的靈活性。每個(gè)槽幫與中部槽中板之間有2

89、條焊縫，中部槽一側(cè)的4條焊縫中，只有上槽幫內(nèi)側(cè)的1條焊縫經(jīng)受磨損，即使這條焊縫被磨光，中部槽還能保持高度的穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　圖3刮板與∑形斷面和弧形斷面槽幫接觸面比較</p><p>　　槽幫制造上采用軋制材料，軋制鋼材的表面比鑄造鋼材平滑，摩擦小。中部槽中板采用高強(qiáng)度耐磨硬化鋼板，磨損小。在軋制中部槽外側(cè)焊接啞鈴座，不會(huì)減小槽幫的厚度。鍛造啞鈴座的設(shè)計(jì)保證中部槽和啞鈴座不受到

90、破壞，最小破斷強(qiáng)度基本上是啞鈴的1.5倍，所以首先斷裂的總是啞鈴。</p><p>　　圖4四節(jié)式槽幫鋼設(shè)計(jì)及磨損輪廓</p><p>　　中部槽的另一種結(jié)構(gòu)形式是上下槽分體重疊式，這種形式可以根據(jù)上下槽受載情況和失效狀況不同進(jìn)行不同結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與選材，且上槽更換容易，有利于提高整機(jī)強(qiáng)度與壽命。該形式中部槽在SGZ880/2×400型中雙鏈交叉?zhèn)刃豆ぷ髅婀伟遢斔蜋C(jī)中得到了成功應(yīng)用。&

91、lt;/p><p><b>　　2.6圓環(huán)鏈</b></p><p>　　圓環(huán)鏈作為刮板輸送機(jī)的牽引機(jī)構(gòu)，其抗拉強(qiáng)度直接關(guān)系到整機(jī)的可靠性。目前，國(guó)產(chǎn)圓環(huán)鏈最大到φ42mm×146mm緊湊鏈，抗拉強(qiáng)度為2270kN，國(guó)外圓環(huán)鏈最大到φ48mm×152mm緊湊鏈，抗拉強(qiáng)度為3550kN。隨著圓環(huán)鏈尺寸的不斷增大，中部槽也越來(lái)越高，輸送機(jī)壯美效果隨之下降，

92、回采巷道如果清理不徹底還會(huì)影響推移輸送機(jī)。所以圓環(huán)鏈的發(fā)展方向是提高抗拉強(qiáng)度和降低立環(huán)高度。</p><p>　　2.6.1材料及工藝</p><p>　　為了提高圓環(huán)鏈的抗拉強(qiáng)度，目前國(guó)外C級(jí)和D級(jí)大規(guī)格圓環(huán)鏈在材料方面用23MnNiCrMo54，23MnNiCrMo54和23MnNiCrMo64精練鋼，拉伸強(qiáng)度極限≥1600～1800MPa。焊接工藝方面：采用先進(jìn)的堆焊設(shè)備，采用閃光堆

93、焊和退貨加工工藝，成功地解決了堆焊過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的過(guò)熱、過(guò)燒等問(wèn)題。在質(zhì)量檢測(cè)方面，對(duì)啦伸斷口利用掃描電纜進(jìn)行斷口分析；采用圓環(huán)鏈預(yù)拉伸強(qiáng)化工藝，極大提高了承載能力和疲勞強(qiáng)度。</p><p>　　2.6.2形式與幾何尺寸</p><p>　　1985年某公司率先制造出38mm×137mm扁平鏈。扁平鏈就是每根鏈條的平環(huán)仍然是圓環(huán)，而立環(huán)是被“擠壓”的扁平環(huán)。扁平鏈鏈環(huán)滑動(dòng)工作面積的

94、增大降低了鏈條在槽體上的單位壓力，提高了立環(huán)的抗磨損性能；鏈條高度的降低使其更容易通過(guò)鏈輪，而且可以降低裝機(jī)功率和輸送機(jī)槽體高度?，F(xiàn)代高性能輸送機(jī)一般都涉及配套扁平鏈條。</p><p>　　2003年，某公司有研制處一種寬體扁平鏈，如圖5所示。它是一種高強(qiáng)度、低矮型鏈條，具有以下特點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　圖5常規(guī)鏈條和新型寬體扁平鏈</p><p>　　⑴采用這

95、種鏈條可降低刮板鏈高度，從而降低中部槽高度，最終使用采高降低，滿足薄煤層開(kāi)采。</p><p>　?、撇捎眠@種鏈條可以降低使用功率，或在功率不變的情況下，增大工作面的長(zhǎng)度，這將極大地減少開(kāi)拓工作量，減少工作面搬家次數(shù)。</p><p>　?、沁@種鍛造的寬體扁平鏈加大了鏈環(huán)的接觸面積，可在提高鏈環(huán)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí)減少磨損，有助于保持鏈環(huán)的剛性。如42mm的扁平鏈可以承受2×855kW的裝

96、機(jī)功率，而50mm寬體扁平鏈則可承受高達(dá)3×1000kW的裝機(jī)功率。</p><p>　　2.6.3智能輸送機(jī)鏈</p><p>　　由于無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)鏈條的失效，按常規(guī)做法一般都是提早更換鏈條。2005年某公司與多家科研院所合作，研究開(kāi)發(fā)一種輸送機(jī)鏈在線檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)，如圖6所示。這是一種融合了集成傳感器技術(shù)的智能輸送機(jī)鏈，它能將鏈條的應(yīng)力特性實(shí)時(shí)記錄下來(lái)，借助微電子技術(shù)裝置，由計(jì)算

97、機(jī)得出鏈條斷裂前的剩余使用壽命。另外還可以檢測(cè)鏈條的預(yù)緊力，有利于鏈條在使用壽命期內(nèi)達(dá)到到最佳使用狀態(tài)，提高安全性，避免意外事故。</p><p><b>　　2.7接鏈環(huán)</b></p><p>　　接鏈環(huán)有用于平環(huán)的接鏈環(huán)和用于立環(huán)的接鏈環(huán)兩種，近年來(lái)一直趨向采用用于立環(huán)的接鏈環(huán)，這樣的接鏈環(huán)在通過(guò)鏈輪時(shí)不與鏈輪產(chǎn)生接觸，所以也不會(huì)有磨損。</p>

98、<p><b>　　圖6智能輸送機(jī)鏈</b></p><p>　　Blockmaster接鏈環(huán)是一種新型的用于扁平鏈立環(huán)的接鏈環(huán)如圖7所示，因其閉合長(zhǎng)度極端，安裝時(shí)無(wú)需松弛鏈條；其設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思新穎，可雙向安裝，不用考慮輸送方向，也不存在裝反的可能，接鏈環(huán)中部的鎖塊可避免鏈條扭結(jié)，同時(shí)也提高了接鏈環(huán)的強(qiáng)度，如42mm×146mm的Blockmaster接鏈環(huán)破斷拉力達(dá)2500k

99、N。</p><p>　　2.8大功率齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置</p><p>　　刮板輸送機(jī)的傳動(dòng)特點(diǎn)是低速重載、耐沖擊、體積小但潤(rùn)滑和散熱差。為了獲得高性能齒輪傳動(dòng)裝置，需不斷提高產(chǎn)品都涉及水平和制造水平。</p><p>　　圖7Blockmaster接鏈環(huán)</p><p>　　2.8.1設(shè)計(jì)水平的提高</p><p>　　

100、提高設(shè)計(jì)水平首先要提高設(shè)計(jì)手段，采用先進(jìn)的設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。目前，有些公司開(kāi)發(fā)了基于載荷和變形的齒輪廓設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算軟件，在齒輪書(shū)籍中采用高變位，對(duì)齒跟彎曲應(yīng)力進(jìn)行有限元分析，改進(jìn)齒跟過(guò)渡曲線形狀，使齒輪在滿載情況下嚙合狀態(tài)得到極大改善，提高了接觸強(qiáng)度，采用彈性力學(xué)和有限元發(fā)對(duì)行星齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行載荷分析，時(shí)均載結(jié)構(gòu)更加科學(xué)合理，采用彈性流通動(dòng)壓潤(rùn)滑分析技術(shù)分析齒輪嚙合區(qū)摩擦發(fā)熱和油膜狀態(tài)。上述先進(jìn)的齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)的采用，使齒輪設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到很高的技術(shù)指標(biāo)。

101、</p><p>　　2.8.2制造水平的提高</p><p>　　刮板輸送機(jī)齒輪多采用表面硬化處理的高級(jí)低碳合金鋼材料，硬化工藝有：滲碳、氮化和表面淬火。隨著齒輪傳動(dòng)功率的增加、體積的相對(duì)減小，癡戀接觸應(yīng)力和齒跟彎曲應(yīng)力大幅度增加。齒輪材料晶間雜質(zhì)常成為疲勞裂紋萌生的根源。目前，國(guó)際主要刮板輸送機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠商廣泛采用真空電爐冶煉的低碳優(yōu)質(zhì)多合金齒輪鋼。齒輪熱處理采用計(jì)算機(jī)測(cè)控氣氛滲碳裝備，嚴(yán)

102、格監(jiān)視爐內(nèi)溫度、碳勢(shì)，控制齒輪裝備主要零件采用數(shù)控加工中心制造，加工精度有利大幅度提高，國(guó)內(nèi)外有些公司齒輪制造精度達(dá)到相當(dāng)我國(guó)GB100095-88《漸開(kāi)線齒輪加工精度》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)6-6-5級(jí)以上。</p><p>　　3我國(guó)刮板輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　隨著煤礦集約化礦井生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展，長(zhǎng)壁工作面綜采裝備技術(shù)也不斷地向高端發(fā)展，以滿足生產(chǎn)能力大、自動(dòng)化程度高、安全可靠的生產(chǎn)要求。目前，