汽車(chē)專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--基于plc的多層停車(chē)場(chǎng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　附錄A：英文資料</b></p><p>　　PLC-based control of multi-storey parking study and design</p><p>　　1、Overview of parking</p><p>　　The application of parking facilit

2、ies for over 30 years history of the older, better Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Germany, is well known, China's economy has experienced 30 years of rapid growth, the quality of public life increasing demands, "Co

3、mmunity Map" in the "line" to a new level. Subsequent transport situation is tense, Japan and Canada, which includes both dynamic and static. As the city high-rise buildings built by the level of housing r

4、eform, like parking shift from three-dimensional s</p><p>　　2、Lifting and transferring the concept garage</p><p>　　Parking equipment has provided a total of 9 categories: lifting and class (PSH)

5、, simple lifting class (PJS), vertical lifting type (PCS), the vertical circulation category (PCX), flat mobile class (PPY), tunnel reactor stack class (PXD), multi-cycle class (PDX), the level of circulating type (PSX),

6、 vehicle lift (PQS), there are dozens of specifications, can be applied to a different space, site conditions, is a high security , high reliability, high efficiency of automation equipment. Especially</p><p&g

7、t;　　Figure 1 PSH-based three-tier parking equipment lifting and transferring class diagram</p><p>　　3、three lifting and transferring parking system</p><p>　　Lifting and transferring parking gara

8、ge is a typical cross-disciplinary integration of mechanical and electrical products, mechanical assembly, electronics, information technology in one. Lifting and transferring parking mainly by the steel parts, car panel

9、s containing part, the transmission system, control system, security system, five components, shown in Figure 2. Three mechanical parking equipment is lifting and machinery of a type of parking equipment, this type of ga

10、rage equipment in the m</p><p>　　3.1 The main frame part</p><p>　　Actual projects: Beijing Indonesia Embassy lifting and transferring class parking, equipment overall structure simple, generous,

11、 give people lightweight sprightly feeling. Main steel structure uses H steel, channel steel, plate welding molding, use bolt connected framework struture strength and stiffness. Order steel part appearance beautiful and

12、 anti corrosion, antirust ability, steel some painting before adopted mechanical derusting processing so parking equipment overall surface protective le</p><p>　　3.2 Car plates containing</p><p>

13、;　　Set car plates are used to carry inventory of vehicles. Set car plates from the δ2.3mm of galvanized sheet bending forming, around edge girder δ4.5mm of galvanized sheet bending forming. Edge beam and set vehicles wit

14、h no plate bolt connection, set car plates to ensure rigidity and strength. Resistance of loading plate with vehicle and stopper.</p><p>　　3.3 Drive System</p><p>　　Parking equipment drive syste

15、m uses chain or rope traction drive transmission. The car parking facilities containing the upper plate by the lift motor gear driven by a chain-driven roller, then roll through the rope-driven movements of loading plate

16、. Two-story frame structure with sliding, respectively, each sliding frame with lifting and sliding the two motors, both frame by sliding the track traverse motor can also be set through the lifting motor vehicles to rea

17、ch the rising and falling groun</p><p>　　Figure 2 PSH-based three-tier parking equipment lifting and transferring the major part of class</p><p>　　3.4 Control System</p><p>　　Contro

18、l, the main control object is sliding down a small motor and large motor vehicles to make them according to the requirements of access to use button operation, to achieve power by changing the phase sequence of loading p

19、latform to achieve the right and left or up and down. Second, to control various auxiliary devices within the garage, such as: light and its various security facilities. To ensure the board can traverse and set cars up o

20、r down to the specified location, using a limit switch</p><p>　　Core part of the control system PLC control (PLC), has strong anti-interference, strong stability, system reliability, modularity and other str

21、uctural features. The control system is the set of mechanical parking control system applicable in the area. The control system detects a device with high sensitivity and accuracy and reliability of work and feedback in

22、a timely manner.</p><p>　　Contactor output unit is sensitive, reliable, advanced technology, easy maintenance, overload and short circuit protection complete links.The control system of the host PLC, contac

23、tors, circuit breakers, trip switches, buttons, photoelectric switches and other key components, using the Japanese Fuji, Mitsubishi, LG and other imported electronic components.</p><p>　　3.5 Operating syste

24、m</p><p>　　Operating manual for the button box, or touch screen operation. Usually mechanical parking spaces on both fixed number, the depositTake vehicles, a layer of vehicle operation without the need for

25、 control box, drivers can be entered directly into the vehicle or out of loading platform, to access the vehicle's purpose; three-in access to vehicles, first of all, the operator select the number of parking spaces,

26、 After confirmation, press the corresponding buttons, start the corresponding transmissi</p><p>　　Figure 3 user interface </p><p>　　3.6 Safety SystemWith power, phase, phase and phase sequence

27、 protection; time delay; anti-people, foreign body mistakenly entered the infrared detection devices; vehicle location; prevent the fall of loading plate device; emergency stop devices.</p><p>　　4、 Conclusio

28、n and Outlook</p><p>　　A programmable controller as lifting and transferring control of the garage the core unit, which is taken into account a variety of objective factors of the case put forward. Programma

29、ble controller with its good control performance, small size, powerful, short development cycle and the characteristics of strong anti-interference, is widely used in the garage of the control system. Centralized parking

30、 many advanced modern technology, high-tech garage, which lifting and transferring convenient pa</p><p>　　附錄B：英文資料翻譯</p><p>　　基于PLC的多層停車(chē)場(chǎng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　1、立體停車(chē)庫(kù)發(fā)展概況</p><p

31、>　　立體停車(chē)庫(kù)設(shè)備的應(yīng)用已有30多年的歷史了發(fā)展較早、較好的有日本、韓國(guó)、臺(tái)灣省、德國(guó)等眾所周知，我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在經(jīng)歷了近30年的高速增長(zhǎng)之后，大眾對(duì)生活質(zhì)量的要求日益提高，“衣食住行”中的“行”提高到一個(gè)新的高度。隨之而來(lái)的交通方面的情況也日加緊張，而這包含了動(dòng)態(tài)與靜態(tài)兩個(gè)方面。如同城市中由平房改建成高樓大廈一樣，停車(chē)也從平面轉(zhuǎn)向立體化停放，立體停車(chē)在靜態(tài)交通中已經(jīng)占有越來(lái)越重要的地位。立體停車(chē)庫(kù)與傳統(tǒng)的地下車(chē)庫(kù)相比，在許多方面都顯

32、示出優(yōu)越性首先是節(jié)地優(yōu)勢(shì)，以往的地下車(chē)庫(kù)由于要留出足夠的行車(chē)通道，平均一輛車(chē)就要占據(jù)40平方米的面積，而如果采用雙層立體停車(chē)庫(kù)，可使地面的使用率提高80％—90％，如果采用地上多層（21層）立體式車(chē)庫(kù)的話，50平方米的土地面積上便可存放40輛車(chē)，可以節(jié)省土地資源和減少土建開(kāi)發(fā)成本。例如北京印度尼西亞駐華大使館未建多層立體停車(chē)庫(kù)前平面只能放五輛車(chē)，現(xiàn)建成三層立體升降橫移類停車(chē)庫(kù)后，能停放13輛車(chē)，基本能滿足駐華大使館要求。人們普遍認(rèn)為停車(chē)

33、設(shè)備行業(yè)發(fā)展前景良好，并已被譽(yù)為21世紀(jì)最熱門(mén)的行業(yè)之一。</p><p>　　2、升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)概念</p><p>　　立體停車(chē)設(shè)備目前已提供的共有9大類：升降橫移類（PSH）、簡(jiǎn)易升降類（PJS）、垂直升降類（PCS）、垂直循環(huán)類（PCX）、平面移動(dòng)類（PPY）、巷道堆垛類（PXD）、多層循環(huán)類（PDX）、水平循環(huán)類（PSX）、汽車(chē)升降機(jī)（PQS），又有幾十種規(guī)格，可以適用于不

34、同的空間、場(chǎng)地條件，是一種具有高安全性，高可靠性、高效率的自動(dòng)化成套設(shè)備。在以上9種類型尤以升降橫移類（PSH）立體停車(chē)庫(kù)應(yīng)用最為廣泛。采用以載車(chē)板升降或橫移存取車(chē)輛的立體停車(chē)設(shè)備的停車(chē)庫(kù)叫做升降橫移類停車(chē)庫(kù)。升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，每單元可設(shè)計(jì)成兩層、三層、四層、五層、半地下等多種形式，車(chē)位數(shù)從幾個(gè)到上百個(gè)。由于升降橫移類立體停車(chē)庫(kù)的型式比較多，規(guī)?？纱罂尚?，對(duì)場(chǎng)地的適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)，因此，采用這類設(shè)備的停車(chē)庫(kù)十分普遍。其工作原

35、理為：每個(gè)車(chē)位均有載車(chē)板，所需存取車(chē)輛的載車(chē)板通過(guò)升、降、橫移運(yùn)動(dòng)到達(dá)地面層，駕駛員進(jìn)入車(chē)庫(kù)，存取車(chē)輛，完成存取過(guò)程。上層車(chē)位或下層車(chē)位需通過(guò)中間層橫移出空位，將載車(chē)板升或降到地面層，駕駛員才可進(jìn)入車(chē)庫(kù)內(nèi)將汽車(chē)開(kāi)進(jìn)或開(kāi)出車(chē)庫(kù)。圖1是升降橫移類停車(chē)設(shè)備的工程實(shí)例示意圖。</p><p>　　圖1 PSH型三層升降橫移類停車(chē)設(shè)備示意圖</p><p>　　3、三層升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)&

36、lt;/p><p>　　升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)是一種比較典型的跨學(xué)科機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，集機(jī)械、電子、信息技術(shù)于一體。升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)主要由鋼結(jié)構(gòu)部分、載車(chē)板部分、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、安全防護(hù)系統(tǒng)5部分組成，如圖2所示。三層機(jī)械停車(chē)設(shè)備是升降橫移類機(jī)械式停車(chē)設(shè)備的一個(gè)類型，此類型車(chē)庫(kù)每組設(shè)備的中間層、地面層都留有空車(chē)位，地面層只做橫移運(yùn)動(dòng)，地上二層既做橫移運(yùn)動(dòng)又做升降運(yùn)動(dòng)，地上三層只做升降運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)行時(shí)，地面層可直接存取

37、車(chē)；地上二層存取車(chē)，需通過(guò)地面層相對(duì)應(yīng)的載車(chē)臺(tái)橫移讓出空位后，升降到達(dá)地面層實(shí)現(xiàn)；地上三層存取車(chē)時(shí)，需通過(guò)地上二層、地面層相對(duì)應(yīng)的載車(chē)臺(tái)同時(shí)橫移讓出空位后，升降到達(dá)地面層實(shí)現(xiàn)。其運(yùn)動(dòng)的總原則是：升降復(fù)位,平移不復(fù)位。立體停車(chē)庫(kù)按用戶所要求的停車(chē)規(guī)格設(shè)計(jì)，運(yùn)行方式分自動(dòng)和手動(dòng)兩種，可通過(guò)開(kāi)關(guān)切換，在車(chē)庫(kù)正常運(yùn)行時(shí)使用自動(dòng)方式，在設(shè)備維修和調(diào)試時(shí)可使用手動(dòng)方式。自動(dòng)方式和手動(dòng)方式均采用PLC可編程控制器控制，因此可保證設(shè)備在任何方式下的安全

38、運(yùn)行。設(shè)備有多種安全裝置可確保人車(chē)安全，如安全防墜裝置，限位及防過(guò)卷裝置，斷電自動(dòng)剎車(chē)制動(dòng)裝置，錯(cuò)斷相保護(hù)等。</p><p><b>　　3.1主框架部分</b></p><p>　　實(shí)際工程項(xiàng)目：北京印度尼西亞駐華大使館升降橫移類立體停車(chē)庫(kù)，設(shè)備整體結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔、大方，給人以輕巧、明快的感覺(jué)。主體鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)采用H型鋼、槽鋼、鋼板焊接成型，用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接成框架結(jié)構(gòu)，具有

39、較好的強(qiáng)度和剛度。為了使鋼架部分的外觀美觀以及具有抗腐蝕、防銹能力，對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)部分噴漆之前采用了機(jī)械除銹處理，使停車(chē)設(shè)備整體表面防護(hù)水平達(dá)到了較高的檔次。另外，整套設(shè)備可進(jìn)行二次拼裝和組合，能可靠保證安裝質(zhì)量，有利于運(yùn)輸和縮短現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝時(shí)間。</p><p><b>　　3.2載車(chē)板</b></p><p>　　載車(chē)板是用來(lái)承載庫(kù)存車(chē)輛的。載車(chē)板由δ2.3mm的鍍鋅板壓彎

40、成型，左右邊梁采用δ4.5mm的鍍鋅板折彎成型。邊梁用高強(qiáng)度螺栓和載車(chē)不板聯(lián)接，以保證載車(chē)板的剛度和強(qiáng)度。載車(chē)板設(shè)有阻車(chē)與限位裝置。</p><p><b>　　3.3驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　停車(chē)設(shè)備的驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)采用鏈條傳動(dòng)或鋼絲繩曳引傳動(dòng)。該停車(chē)設(shè)備上層載車(chē)板由升降電機(jī)減速機(jī)通過(guò)鏈條驅(qū)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)卷筒，再由卷筒通過(guò)鋼絲繩驅(qū)動(dòng)載車(chē)板升降。二層采用橫移框架結(jié)構(gòu)，每

41、個(gè)橫移框架分別裝有升降和橫移兩個(gè)電機(jī)，既框架結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)橫移電機(jī)可在軌道上橫移，同時(shí)也可通過(guò)升降電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)載車(chē)板升降到達(dá)地面層，實(shí)現(xiàn)存取車(chē)。上述傳動(dòng)方式與其它方式比較，具有運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)，安全可靠，養(yǎng)護(hù)方便等特點(diǎn)，另外，它的環(huán)保性能也優(yōu)于其它傳動(dòng)方式。下層載車(chē)板由電機(jī)減速機(jī)通過(guò)鏈傳動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)行走輪沿橫移軌道運(yùn)動(dòng)。驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)電機(jī)減速機(jī)集減速機(jī)、電動(dòng)機(jī)和制動(dòng)器為一體，體積小、重量輕、噪音低，采用長(zhǎng)效潤(rùn)滑脂，性能穩(wěn)定可靠，使用壽命長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)期免維護(hù)，質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)勢(shì)明顯。

42、</p><p>　　圖2 PSH型三層升降橫移類停車(chē)設(shè)備主要組成部分</p><p><b>　　3.4控制系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　控制系統(tǒng)的主要控制對(duì)象是橫移小電機(jī)和升降大電機(jī)，使它們根據(jù)存取車(chē)的要求利用按鈕操作，以達(dá)到通過(guò)改變電源相序?qū)崿F(xiàn)載車(chē)臺(tái)的左右或上下移動(dòng)。其次是控制車(chē)庫(kù)內(nèi)的各種輔助裝置，如：指示燈及其各種安全設(shè)施等。為了保

43、證載車(chē)板能橫移和上升或下降到指定位置，采用了行程開(kāi)關(guān)定位。為了判斷載車(chē)板上有無(wú)車(chē)輛，采用了光電開(kāi)關(guān)。一般小型車(chē)庫(kù)選用按鈕操作即可，亦可采用觸摸屏操作。全是開(kāi)關(guān)量輸入輸出的升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)電路簡(jiǎn)單、對(duì)環(huán)境要求不高，憑可編程控制器本身的抗干擾能力和隔離變壓器就能滿足要求，因此可不必再另外增加其它抗干擾措施，使車(chē)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)能有條不紊的準(zhǔn)確工作。</p><p>　　控制系統(tǒng)核心部分采用可編程控制器（PLC），具有抗干擾

44、性強(qiáng)、穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)、系統(tǒng)可靠、結(jié)構(gòu)模塊化等特點(diǎn)。該套控制系統(tǒng)是目前機(jī)械車(chē)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域中適用的控制系統(tǒng)。該控制系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)裝置靈敏度高、工作準(zhǔn)確可靠，反饋及時(shí)。</p><p>　　接觸器輸出單元?jiǎng)幼黛`敏、可靠、技術(shù)先進(jìn)、維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便，過(guò)載及短路等保護(hù)環(huán)節(jié)齊全。這套控制系統(tǒng)的PLC主機(jī)、接觸器、斷路器、行程開(kāi)關(guān)、按鈕、光電開(kāi)關(guān)等關(guān)鍵部件，采用日本富士、日本三菱、韓國(guó)LG等進(jìn)口電子元器件。</p><p>&l

45、t;b>　　3.5操作系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　操作系統(tǒng)為按鈕箱人工操作或觸摸屏操作。通常機(jī)械立體停車(chē)庫(kù)上的車(chē)位都有固定編號(hào)，在存取車(chē)輛時(shí)，一層車(chē)輛無(wú)需通過(guò)操作箱操作，司機(jī)可直接將車(chē)輛開(kāi)進(jìn)或開(kāi)出載車(chē)臺(tái)，達(dá)到存取車(chē)輛的目的；三層在存取車(chē)輛時(shí)，首先，操作人員選取車(chē)位號(hào)，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后，按下相應(yīng)操作按鈕，啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，PLC程序能自動(dòng)使所選取的三層載車(chē)臺(tái)下對(duì)應(yīng)的二層、一層（進(jìn)出車(chē)地面層），同時(shí)

46、先要向左或向右移動(dòng)留出空位，然后三層載車(chē)板通過(guò)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)下降到地面層，從而達(dá)到存取車(chē)輛的目的。同理，二層在存取車(chē)輛時(shí)，同樣先選取車(chē)位號(hào)，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后，按下相應(yīng)操作按鈕，啟動(dòng)相應(yīng)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，PLC程序能自動(dòng)使所選取的二層載車(chē)板下對(duì)應(yīng)的一層（進(jìn)出車(chē)地面層），先要向左或向右移動(dòng)留出空位，然后二層載車(chē)板通過(guò)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)下降到地面層，從而達(dá)到存取車(chē)輛的目的。存車(chē)或取車(chē)完畢后按下確認(rèn)按鈕，車(chē)臺(tái)自動(dòng)復(fù)位，等待下一次操作指令。在需要手動(dòng)操作時(shí)，可通過(guò)按鈕組合轉(zhuǎn)化

47、為手動(dòng)點(diǎn)動(dòng)操作，即按住按鈕設(shè)備運(yùn)行，松開(kāi)按鈕設(shè)備停止，分步操作完成存取車(chē)輛。操作界面如圖3所示。</p><p><b>　　圖3操作界面</b></p><p><b>　　3.6安全系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　設(shè)有斷電、缺相、斷相和相序保護(hù)；延時(shí)保護(hù)；防人、異物誤闖入紅外線檢測(cè)裝置；車(chē)輛定位；防止載車(chē)板墜落裝置；

48、緊急停止裝置等。</p><p><b>　　4、結(jié)論與展望</b></p><p>　　以可編程控制器作為升降橫移式立體停車(chē)庫(kù)的控制核心單元，是綜合考慮了各種客觀影響因素的情況下提出的?？删幊炭刂破饕云淇刂菩阅芰己?、體積小、功能強(qiáng)大、開(kāi)發(fā)周期短和抗干擾強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，被廣泛的應(yīng)用在車(chē)庫(kù)的控制系統(tǒng)中。立體停車(chē)庫(kù)集中了現(xiàn)代多方面的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，是科技含量較高的車(chē)庫(kù)，其中升降橫移式