空調(diào)設(shè)計外文翻譯---印度暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)走向世界

1、<p>　　India HVAC&R Goes Global</p><p>　　The total market size in 2008 for the HVAC&R industry in India was approximately $2.5 billion. That year, India produced roughly 5 million refrigerators,

2、2.5 million room air conditioners, packaged air conditioners of various capacities, and packaged chillers of reciprocating, scroll, screw and absorption types.</p><p>　　Other HVAC&R products manufactured

3、 in India include air-handling units, fan-coil units, refrigeration systems for cold rooms and freezer rooms; low-temperature brine chillers for industry; and commercial refrigeration equipment for food stores and superm

4、arkets. The following stories describe some Indian companies that are making their mark internationally.</p><p>　　Heat Pumps in Denmark</p><p>　　Thermax absorption heat pumps and chillers are fi

5、nding increasing acceptance with European and U.S. clients that want energy-efficient equipment. Businesses are demanding systems that can reduce carbon emissions and help cope with global warming.</p><p>　　

6、Over the last decade, Thermax has worked in optimizing energy use in Denmark by installing absorption heat pumps for centralized heating, which is a reverse application of centralized cooling with absorption chillers. Ho

7、t water from a central generation facility is used for space heating in town buildings. The heating companies reduce the energy intensity at generating centers by tapping low-grade heat from other sources such as geother

8、mal heat from sandstone aquifers or waste heat from town inc</p><p>　　Since its first installation in 1999, Thermax absorption heat pumps are operating in several district heating installations. Recently, th

9、e company is fulfilling an order for a 3.4 MW steam absorption chiller to be installed in downtown Copenhagen as part of a district cooling project. The total capacity of the plant is 15 MW, which uses the output of the

10、Thermax chiller, free cooling using seawater and ammonia chillers. The plant will save approximately 2,500 tons (2268 Mg) of carbon dioxide per</p><p>　　In Spain, Thermax has commissioned chillers in hotels

11、and office buildings that run on water heated by solar panels. Clients elsewhere in Europe also use Thermax chillers that work on exhaust gas from fuel cells or excess steam from old boilers that use wood waste.</p>

12、;<p>　　In the United Kingdom, large retailer Tesco has installed Thermax chillers at two stores as part of a plan to reduce its carbon footprint through various measures, including using energy-saving devices. The

13、 chillers use water from the cogeneration system that Tesco has installed for generating power.</p><p>　　In the United States, a 1,100 kW test engine installed at a plant of a leading plastics manufacturer i

14、n Ohio generated a great deal of waste heat. Thermax harnessed this waste heat to drive an absorption chiller. Waste heat is converted to energy savings as chilled water from this system is used for process cooling in th

15、e plant. More than 150 business customers in the United States are gaining from energy profits and green reputations by installing Thermax chillers. Recently, the University at A</p><p>　　Under a recent stra

16、tegic agreement, Trane, a leading global indoor comfort systems and service provider for the North American market, will source and distribute Thermax chillers.</p><p>　　Heat Wheels in Australia</p>&

17、lt;p>　　What do a hospital in Australia, a university in Florida, a high-tech commercial building in Dubai, a church in Brazil, the Olympic stadium and airport in Beijing and an indoor swimming pool in Tasmania have in

18、 common? The indoor air quality provided by DRI, Desiccant Rotors International, is a heat wheel manufacturer in Delhi. A flagship company of the Pahwa Enterprises, it is the largest privately held HVAC group in India.&l

19、t;/p><p>　　King Edward Memorial Hospital (KEM) in Perth, Australia, is a renowned, state-owned health-care provider for women, with more than 400 beds and a large staff of specialists. KEM is geared to provide

20、the highest standards of health care and patient servicing, where indoor air quality plays a vital role. The original HVAC installation carried out 30 years ago was ahead of its time. It incorporated heat recovery wheels

21、 (HRW) to save energy and provide better indoor air quality. The wheels were impo</p><p>　　Fortunately, DRI, through its Australian agent agreed to custom manufacture a five-segment wheel in its factory, shi

22、p it to the site, install and commission the new wheel, all under the supervision of a local consultant. With the completion of the retrofit project, KEM Hospital’s indoor air quality improved. Among other projects DRI h

23、as done are the Beijing Olympics; Pacific Controls, which is Dubai’s first green building; and the second tallest building in China, which is the 450 m (1,476 ft) t</p><p>　　Other DRI facts:</p><p

24、>　　? Largest global producer of enthalpy wheels;</p><p>　　? World’s only AHRI and Eurovent certified rotors manufacturer;</p><p>　　? Integrated rotor manufacturing facility;</p><p&

25、gt;　　? World-class rotor (enthalpy as well as desiccant) test facility;</p><p>　　? Sales network spread over India, U.S., Brazil, Europe, UAE, Turkey, Africa, China, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan, Korea and A

26、ustralia; and</p><p>　　? Awarded AHRI certification performance award for achieving a 100% success rate for seven consecutive years.</p><p>　　Heat Pumps in Europe</p><p>　　Blue Star

27、 began exporting drinking water coolers to the Gulf countries in the Middle East as early as 1974. The large stainless steel storage tank design of the coolers was suitable for India and the Gulf countries where city wat

28、er supply was intermittent. Although local buyers initially resisted buying Blue Star coolers, with improved quality and timely deliveries the company’s sky-blue water coolers became visible at every mosque and school in

29、 Dubai and Kuwait.</p><p>　　In the early 1990s, Blue Star made large investments in new plant, machinery, technology and R&D for HVAC&R products to handle the growing market within the country. In 19

30、99, the company started exporting ducted air conditioners of up to 7.5 ton (26 kW) capacity, as well as window and split room ACs. A substantial part of these products were specially designed for an American company; pro

31、totypes were built and tested in India and the U.S., to suit the needs of the U.S. manufacturer for the Middl</p><p>　　Buoyed by this success in the Middle East, the American company decided to enter the Eur

32、opean market with its brand and once again chose Blue Star to design ductable heat pumps for this market, using R-407C refrigerant (instead of R-22 in the Middle East) with a sleek appearance, compact footprint, stringen

33、t safety and noise requirements. Eleven thousand units have been shipped to Europe.</p><p>　　With $500,000 in exports in 1999, today the company has nearly $25 million in exports and ships drinking water coo

34、lers, ducted split ACs and heat pumps, and air-handling units, fan coil units, scroll chillers, screw chillers, close control packaged ACs, as well as special units for the telecom market. A large number of distributors

35、and business partners help the company to cater to the growing market in various neighboring countries. With an increased R&D spending, Blue Star plans to ship more p</p><p>　　Coolers in Europe</p>

36、<p>　　Air-cooled fluid coolers (ACFC) are as the radiator in your car, helping to keep the engine cool, by circulating cooling water through the engine jacket and the radiator. They are larger in cooling capacity

37、and are used in captive power plants to cool the diesel engines or gas turbines that drive the electric generators.</p><p>　　With scarcity of water and shortage of electric power in most parts of the develop

38、ing world, International Coil Ltd (ICL) of Delhi has developed ACFCs to cool the jackets of diesel engines or gas turbines running generators in 8 MW power plants or larger capacity with multiples of 8 MW, used by indust

39、ry to run their plants, instead of cooling towers, which consume large amounts of water.</p><p>　　With hundreds of installations of ACFCs in India, millions of cubic meters of water are being saved, proving

40、them to be a good environment-friendly solution. Certified by AHRI, these ACFCs can also be supplied with Heresite coating to reduce corrosion in saline atmospheres. Internationally reputable manufacturers of power plant

41、s running on diesel engines or gas turbines including Rolls Royce of England, MAN of Germany, Wartsila of Finland and Cummins of the U.S., have signed OEM agreements with </p><p>　　MEP Contracting in Middle

42、East</p><p>　　In the early 1970s, the Middle East embarked on ambitious plans of modernization and building construction. </p><p>　　With a small domestic population, the region depended heavily

43、on construction labor from the Indian subcontinent, which is only a few hours away by air. Arab and European companies with offices in the Gulf lured experienced Indian HVAC engineers with salaries three to four times hi

44、gher than salaries prevailing in India, free company cars, petrol cheaper than water and no income tax. Voltas, being one of the largest HVAC companies, suffered crippling manpower losses that took time to replenish wi&l

45、t;/p><p>　　In a way, these events turned out to be a blessing in disguise, because Arab employers were so impressed with Indian engineering skills that many of them started doing business with Voltas in joint v

46、entures, which took on large HVAC contracts initially and then went in for complete electro-mechanical projects, including electrical and plumbing.</p><p>　　HVAC for Queen Mary II</p><p>　　The e

47、xperience gained from work in the Gulf States and contacts established with international suppliers all over the world of equipment and accessories, including piping, sheet metal, and insulation, led to Voltas’s ambition

48、 to take on the world.</p><p>　　So, Voltas bid and won contracts in 30 countries and three continents, including the HVAC contract for Hong Kong Airport and the largest luxury liner ever built, Queen Mary II

49、, while it was under construction in a French port.</p><p>　　The company is part of the $62.5 billion Tata Group and is the number two air-conditioner brand in the country. The firm manufactured the first ro

50、om air conditioner in 1954. It has overseas offices in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Bahrain, Singapore and Hong Kong.</p><p>　　Author：Hiru M. Jhangiani</p><p>　　Nationality：India</p><p>

51、;　　Originate from ：Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Journal of 24 (2004) 55-60</p><p>　　印度暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)走向世界</p><p>　　2008年，印度的暖通空調(diào)與冰箱工業(yè)的市場總量為25億美元。那一年，印度大約生產(chǎn)了500萬臺冰箱，250萬臺室內(nèi)空調(diào)，組裝出多種功能的空調(diào)和往復(fù)，滾動，螺桿，

52、吸收等類型的冷卻裝置。</p><p>　　在印度，其他類型的暖通空調(diào)與冰箱產(chǎn)品包括冷藏室和冷凍室的空氣處理機(jī)組、風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)組、制冷系統(tǒng)；工業(yè)用低溫鹽水機(jī)組，食品商店和超級市場的商業(yè)用制冷設(shè)備。下面的幾個故事描述了一些正在使自己的品牌走向國際的印度公司。</p><p><b>　　丹麥的熱汞</b></p><p>　　契馬黑吸收熱汞越來越多

53、地被那些想要獲得節(jié)能設(shè)備的歐洲和美國客戶的認(rèn)可?，F(xiàn)在的企業(yè)都在要求暖通空調(diào)和制冷設(shè)備能減少碳的排放量，以應(yīng)對全球性變暖。</p><p>　　在過去的十年里，契馬黑曾在丹麥通過為集中供暖系統(tǒng)安裝吸收熱泵的方法優(yōu)化能源的使用，這是用吸收式制冷機(jī)集中冷卻的反向運(yùn)用。中央系統(tǒng)設(shè)施中的熱水被用于城市建筑物的室內(nèi)供暖。供熱公司通過像砂巖含水層的地?zé)崮茉椿虺擎?zhèn)焚化爐的廢熱等其他熱能來源來供應(yīng)低品質(zhì)的熱能的方式來降低生產(chǎn)中心的

54、能源強(qiáng)度。</p><p>　　自1999年的首次安裝以來, 契馬黑的吸收熱泵目前正運(yùn)行于幾個地區(qū)的供熱裝置中。最近,該公司正在完成一筆3.4兆瓦的蒸汽吸收式制冷機(jī)組訂單，這個機(jī)組安裝在哥本哈根市中心，作為地區(qū)冷卻項(xiàng)目的一部分。設(shè)備總?cè)萘繛?5兆瓦，使用的是契馬黑的冷卻裝置輸出，通過海水和氨冷卻裝置達(dá)到免費(fèi)冷卻。該工廠將每年節(jié)省約2500噸(2268兆克)的二氧化碳排放。</p><p>

55、　　在西班牙, 契馬黑的冷卻裝置已經(jīng)委托裝入了用太陽能供應(yīng)熱水的酒店和辦公大樓。歐洲其他地區(qū)的客戶也用契馬黑冷卻裝置來排出燃料油箱內(nèi)的廢氣或舊鍋爐中的過量蒸汽以避免木材的浪費(fèi)。</p><p>　　在英國，大型零售商樂購在其中的兩家商店安裝契馬黑冷卻裝置作為通過各種方法來減少碳排放量這一計劃的一部分，包括用節(jié)能裝置。冷卻裝置用的是用于樂購發(fā)電的冷熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的水。</p><p>　　

56、在美國，一臺1100千瓦的測試引擎安裝在一間俄亥俄州領(lǐng)先的塑料制造商的工廠內(nèi)，這樣的工廠會產(chǎn)生大量的廢熱。契馬黑利用這個余熱作為吸收式制冷機(jī)的動力。余熱轉(zhuǎn)化為能量儲蓄是因?yàn)閬碜赃@個系統(tǒng)的冷凍水被用于冷卻工廠生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的熱。超過150個美國的客戶通過安裝契馬黑冷卻系統(tǒng)來獲得能源上的利益和綠色環(huán)保的良好聲譽(yù)。最近，奧爾巴尼洲大學(xué)紐約城市學(xué)院用一個有1400噸(4924千瓦)的熱水冷卻裝置來代替舊的、低效率的冷卻系統(tǒng)。這所大學(xué)在操作和維護(hù)

57、成本上的實(shí)質(zhì)性節(jié)約能夠達(dá)到35%的能源效率。在底特律的亨利福特博物館和的地雷和科羅拉多州金山的科羅拉多州礦業(yè)學(xué)院也有契馬黑冷水機(jī)。</p><p>　　在最近的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)議中,在北美市場被譽(yù)為全球領(lǐng)先的室內(nèi)舒適系統(tǒng)和服務(wù)提供商的特靈空調(diào)會生產(chǎn)提供契馬黑冷水機(jī)。</p><p><b>　　澳大利亞的熱車輪</b></p><p>　　澳大利亞的醫(yī)院

58、、佛羅里達(dá)州的大學(xué)、迪拜高科技的商業(yè)建筑、巴西的教堂、北京的奧林匹克競技場和機(jī)場、塔斯馬尼亞島的室內(nèi)游泳池，這些建筑它們有什么共同特點(diǎn)呢？都是由DRI（國際干燥轉(zhuǎn)子）—一個德里的熱車輪制造商來提供的優(yōu)質(zhì)室內(nèi)空氣。它是Pahwa集團(tuán)旗下的公司，印度最大的民間暖通空調(diào)集團(tuán)。</p><p>　　在澳大利亞佩思的愛德華國王紀(jì)念醫(yī)院(凱恩美),是一家非常著名且專門為女性提供服務(wù)的國有醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)，擁有超過400個床位和許多專

59、家。凱恩美提供最高水準(zhǔn)的醫(yī)療保健和患者服務(wù),因此室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量起著至關(guān)重要的作用。原來的暖通空調(diào)30年前就超過了它的使用時間。它采用熱回收車輪(HRW)來節(jié)約能源和提供更高質(zhì)量的室內(nèi)空氣。轉(zhuǎn)輪是從從美國進(jìn)口的，鋁基板由20塊組成。隨著時間的推移，基體瓦解四個輪子都開始下降。結(jié)果，轉(zhuǎn)輪開始不工作，凱恩美醫(yī)院和當(dāng)?shù)卣?jīng)過了一段艱難的去尋找能提供新的輪子的供應(yīng)商的時期，且要求這些輪子能被分成幾個部分通過門廊,從而不必打通空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置室的墻。同

60、樣，尋找到一個能夠分幾個部分拆除舊的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)來確保建筑保持完好的安裝工人也十分困難。</p><p>　　幸運(yùn)的是, 國際干燥轉(zhuǎn)子通過在澳大利亞的代理公司，同意在他的工廠定制一個五部分的機(jī)輪，并用輪船運(yùn)到澳洲，安裝和調(diào)試新的機(jī)輪都是在當(dāng)?shù)氐念檰柕谋O(jiān)督下進(jìn)行的。由于新轉(zhuǎn)輪的安裝完成，凱恩美醫(yī)院的室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)有了顯著改善。其他DRI已經(jīng)完成項(xiàng)目有北京的奧運(yùn)會館，迪拜的第一個綠色建筑——太平洋控股；中國第二高建筑，450

61、米(1476英尺)高的南京綠地廣場，這些都配置有德里生產(chǎn)的自動凈化車輪。</p><p><b>　　其他DRI事跡：</b></p><p>　　?全球最大的焓輪生產(chǎn)商；</p><p>　　?世界上唯一的AHRI和EUROVENT雙重認(rèn)證的轉(zhuǎn)子制造商；</p><p>　　?綜合轉(zhuǎn)子制造設(shè)備；</p>

62、<p>　　?世界級的轉(zhuǎn)子(焓以及除濕)測試設(shè)備；</p><p>　　?銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋印度、美國、巴西、土耳其、阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國、歐洲、非洲、中國、馬來西亞、菲律賓、日本、韓國和澳大利亞；</p><p>　　?授予AHRI認(rèn)證的連續(xù)7年實(shí)現(xiàn)100%成功率。</p><p><b>　　歐洲的供暖裝置</b></p>&

63、lt;p>　　早在1974年，藍(lán)星公司就開始出口飲用水冷卻器給中東地區(qū)的海灣國家。大型不銹鋼儲罐設(shè)計冷卻器很適合印度與海灣國家，那里的城市供水是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的。盡管當(dāng)?shù)氐馁徺I者最初抵制購買藍(lán)星冷卻器,但質(zhì)量的改進(jìn)和及時的交貨，使這個公司的天藍(lán)冷水器在迪拜、科威特的清真寺和學(xué)校變得隨處可見。</p><p>　　在20世紀(jì)90年代初，藍(lán)星公司在空調(diào)制冷領(lǐng)域的工廠、設(shè)備、技術(shù)和研發(fā)方面都做出了巨大的投資，以此來應(yīng)對

64、這不斷增長的國內(nèi)外市場需求。1999年，公司開始出口管機(jī)空調(diào)達(dá)到7.5噸(26千瓦)的水平，與自動控制窗口和活動房間一樣。這些產(chǎn)品中很大一部分是專為一家美國公司設(shè)計的；設(shè)備的原型在印度和美國完成建造和測試。以適應(yīng)美國制造商在中東市場的需求。貼上美國的品牌名稱，但卻寫著“印度制造”，顧客在買這樣的商品時將不會再猶豫。在幾年之內(nèi)，多達(dá)17萬件統(tǒng)一的產(chǎn)品已出售。</p><p>　　值得一提的是，這次在中東的成功使那些

65、美國公司決定進(jìn)軍歐洲市場，并且再次選擇藍(lán)星來為這次的市場設(shè)計進(jìn)口熱泵。這次的設(shè)計采用R-407C這種具有雅致的外觀、緊湊的足跡、嚴(yán)格的安全和噪音控制要求的制冷劑(而不是在中東的R-22)光滑形狀、嚴(yán)格的安全及噪聲的要求。11萬件這樣的產(chǎn)品已銷往歐洲。</p><p>　　從1999年的50萬美元出口額開始，到今天，該公司已擁有近2500萬美元在出口和裝載的應(yīng)用水冷卻器、管機(jī)分離空調(diào)和熱泵、空氣處理機(jī)組、風(fēng)機(jī)盤管機(jī)

66、組、往復(fù)式冷水機(jī)、螺桿冷水機(jī)、裝載關(guān)閉控制空調(diào)，以及為電信市場制造的特殊機(jī)組。大量的分銷商和商業(yè)伙伴幫助該公司滿足了眾多周邊國家日益擴(kuò)大的市場需求。隨著在研發(fā)資金投入方面的增加，藍(lán)星公司計劃將為國際市場出口更多的產(chǎn)品。</p><p><b>　　歐洲的冷卻機(jī)</b></p><p>　　流動風(fēng)冷卻器(ACFC)在你的汽車?yán)锸亲鳛橐环N散熱器，通過在發(fā)動機(jī)汽缸和散熱器兩

67、者之間的不斷循環(huán)冷卻，來確保發(fā)動機(jī)保持在一定溫度內(nèi)。他們在冷卻能力上有著更大的優(yōu)勢,可用于自保電廠中冷卻驅(qū)動電動發(fā)電機(jī)的柴油機(jī)或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)。</p><p>　　由于在發(fā)展中國家，許多地區(qū)都存在著缺乏水和缺乏電力地情況，因此在德里的國際線圈有限公司(ICL)已經(jīng)開發(fā)了流動風(fēng)冷卻器來冷卻柴油機(jī)引擎或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)，并創(chuàng)造出發(fā)電機(jī)組在8兆瓦或是8兆瓦的倍數(shù)的更大容量的電廠，這些電力在工業(yè)上被用于工廠運(yùn)作，而不是需要消耗大量水

68、的冷卻塔。</p><p>　　由于在印度有著大量的流動風(fēng)冷卻器設(shè)施，百萬立方米的水被節(jié)約下來，這也證明他們是一個解決環(huán)境友好問題的好方法。經(jīng)過AHRI的認(rèn)證,這些流動風(fēng)冷卻器也可以配置上赫爾斯特酚醛塑料涂層以減少鹽堿地區(qū)的腐蝕。國際著名發(fā)電機(jī)制造商包括英國的羅爾斯·羅伊斯，德國的MAN，芬蘭的瓦錫蘭和美國的康明斯，已經(jīng)和ICL簽署了OEM協(xié)議，在他們的柴油發(fā)動機(jī)或燃?xì)鉁u輪機(jī)上的配備流動風(fēng)冷卻器，以供給

69、大部分發(fā)展中國家。</p><p><b>　　中東的機(jī)電合同</b></p><p>　　在70年代早期，中東走上了雄心勃勃的現(xiàn)代化和房屋建筑之路。</p><p>　　由于當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诹可?，該地區(qū)主要依靠印度來的勞動力來建設(shè)房屋,僅僅需要幾個小時就可以空運(yùn)過來。阿拉伯和歐洲的公司在海灣地區(qū)設(shè)有分公司和辦事處,并開出高出印度平均薪資水平三四倍作為

70、印度暖通空調(diào)工程師的工資,以及免費(fèi)的公司車輛，汽油比水還便宜，且沒有所得稅。Voltas,是其中最大的一個暖通空調(diào)公司，遭受了嚴(yán)重的人力損失，不得不花時間去培養(yǎng)剛畢業(yè)不久的工程師。</p><p>　　在某種程度上說,這些事件竟然是因禍得福,因?yàn)橛《裙こ處煹丶寄芙o阿拉伯雇主留下了如此之深的印象，其中有很多人與Voltas開始做合資生意,這些合作起初大部分在暖通空調(diào)合同上，后來漸漸完善到完整的機(jī)電工程，包括電子和管

71、道。</p><p>　　為瑪麗女王二世而設(shè)計的暖通空調(diào)</p><p>　　在海灣地區(qū)獲得的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和與全球各地包括管道、金屬板和絕緣材料等設(shè)備與配件的國際供貨商建立的聯(lián)系促使Voltas的野心轉(zhuǎn)向世界。</p><p>　　所以，Voltas參與競標(biāo)，并在30個國家和三大洲贏得了合同，其中包括為香港機(jī)場和在法國港口建造的那個時期最大的豪華客輪“瑪麗女王二世”的暖

72、通空調(diào)合同。</p><p>　　該公司是總資產(chǎn)達(dá)625億美元的Tata集團(tuán)的一部分,是國內(nèi)排名第二的空調(diào)品牌。這家公司制造的第一個室內(nèi)空調(diào)是在1954年。它海外的辦事處有迪拜、阿布扎比、卡塔爾、巴林、新加坡和香港等國家和地區(qū)。</p><p>　　作者：Hiru M. Jhangiani</p><p><b>　　國籍：印度</b><