組合鏜床外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計</b></p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文</b></p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料題目： Combination Boring Machine</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料來源： English in Mechatronic Engineering</p>

2、<p>　　文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期：2000.3.25</p><p>　　院 （部）： 機(jī)電工程學(xué)院</p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動化</p><p>　　班 級： 機(jī)械087</p><p>　　姓 名： 劉武</p><p>　　學(xué) 號： 2008071362

3、</p><p><b>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 李英杰</b></p><p>　　翻譯日期： 2012.3.3</p><p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn):</b></p><p>　　Combination Boring Machine </p><p>　　The multi-pu

4、rpose aggregate machine-tools has many names to describe it in the industrial field.It likes“the multitasking installment”, “the multi-purpose engine beds”, “the multi-procedure production system” and so on.It may be cal

5、led the processing domain truly the nova and reduce the cost, the simplified disposition and has maintained in the US territory produces. In the past only they used the duty which many machine operations could complete,

6、now it may concentrate to an engine bed on proce</p><p>　　As a result of market demand's unceasing change, the product life cycle is reducing unceasingly, today's market more intense demand multitask

7、ing installment concept. Carries out the fine profit management when the entire production environment, compared to having not concentrated the components processing to a machine on completes a finer profit.</p>&

8、lt;p>　　Some tradition's manufacturing industry manufacturer thought that the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools are too complex, very difficult to find the appropriate operators also the difficult problem innov

9、ates on the spot on the insufficiency for the metal working basic principle and in the Production workshop related new engine bed use solution aspect training.</p><p>　　Intuition type technical control</p

10、><p>　　The equipment use “carries off the quantity of heat” the type design, has different material which the lathe bed, the steeliness straight line rolling guide, on the steeliness revolving tool box saddle,

11、the equipment uses, all these combine make an engine bed together. These with the thermal conductivity, the volume expansion are related. All different size's thing can by the different speed growth. </p><

12、p>　　As a result of this reason, needs to make the hot friendly engine bed, with the aim of knowing gives off heat the weak point in where, can compensate through the reasonable engine bed design. The part is the entir

13、e journey movement. The engine bed glide produces rubs and transform hotly. The machining produces the hot filings fall to the different place, the refrigerant can mix in the entire process in which. Will present the dif

14、ferent temperature province continually on the cutting tool, will t</p><p>　　According to the material introduced that the most remarkable characteristic is in these engine bed whole has the intuition. The a

15、nti-collision preservation technology was already mature, in certain circumstances, even if uses the manual operation pattern, can also avoid the occurrence which collides. Because the control software has the very good

16、intuition, the user operation friendly degree unceasingly is also enhancing. Believe the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools by its survivability wo</p><p>　　The off-line programming optimization and the N

17、C automatic control system's formation already made this technology to be easier to accept, when therefore uses the procedure when the engine bed, does not need to spend many time tune-up procedure and confirmed that

18、 some part does not have the question. If components need to provide the high and low two revolving tool box saddle simultaneously to carry on the rough machining, in this kind of situation the programming is quite diffi

19、cult, because it </p><p>　　Okuma Corporation's collision avoidance system design based on actual processing operating mode anti-collision simulation, therefore, if the operator has installed the wrong cu

20、tting tool or has established the wrong parameter, the control system will examine and prevents the engine bed to enter the processing condition. Through cooperates with the Siemens, INDEX Corporation may provide the 3D

21、pattern now “the hypothesized engine bed”, has custom-made according to some specific model's engine bed</p><p>　　The intuition type control interface, the simulation as well as other software technique

22、are progressive, the more Production workshops have opened wide the front door to the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, but if does not have the corresponding knowledge to train and to solve the question creativity,

23、 the manufacturer is also very difficult to realize and the full use advanced engine bed flexibility aspect superiority. The work which does to the machine are more, the machine will be more </p><p>　　If mac

24、hinist past one day operated 3 engine beds, then he has this kind of multi-purpose engine bed now, might produce more components. More importantly, he may draw support from software's help to cause the production eff

25、iciency to be higher, regarding transformation processing components preparation, may also establish the processing craft plan. Because the replacement components need to lower 3 main axles, therefore before replacing th

26、e components, the workshop should process as far as possib</p><p>　　In the traditional post description the machinist will transit becomes one to adjust engineer, if this engineer the familiar components pro

27、cessing programming, that were also more ideal. Regarding such transformation, training has been simple, so long as trains 1 individual line, but is not 3 individuals. Looking from the long views, this will provide to th

28、e people the higher post degree of satisfaction. When adjusts engineer to be responsible to process the programming, and pays attention to th</p><p>　　The cutting tool will choose most people not to install

29、the passenger vehicle tire to the race car on, but processed the cutting tool to have such situation. The cutting tool should match with the new engine bed, is conceivably redundant on the new engine bed uses the old cut

30、ting tool to the production efficiency influence. In order to match the multi-purpose aggregate machine-tools, the new cutting tool and the cutting tool adapter technology was already developed. At present the industrial

31、 fie</p><p>　　Since has moved the technology (engine bed) is this century develops is extremely rapid and one of influence enormous science and technology. The modern automation technology is one kind of com

32、pletely new productive forces, is one of direct creation public wealth principal means that is playing the enormous promotion effect to humanity's production activity and the material civilization. Therefore, the aut

33、omated technology receives various countries widely to take seriously with more and more ap</p><p>　　The machinery automation technology first starts from the 1920s in the machine manufacture cold finishing

34、production in enormous quantities process to develop the application, after in the 60s, to adapt the market demand and the change, for the enhancement machine-building industry to the market nimble rapid reaction's a

35、bility, starts to establish the variable automation production system, namely revolves the computer technology the flexible automation. It is in the manufacture system invariable</p><p>　　In the 80s internat

36、ionally appeared started to use computer integration manufacture system CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), the flexible automation production pattern also had this kind of situation. The initial period take the in

37、formation integration as a key point, take the high automaticity as the characteristic, but in realized in the process to encounter the difficulty. In view of the fact that realizes the large amount investment which the

38、computer integration manufacture system's</p><p>　　The aggregate machine-tool future development more use transmissions and so on variable speed motor and ball bearing guide screw, will simplify structur

39、e, the reduction production metre; Uses the numerical control system and the headstock, the jig automatic replacement system, enhances the craft controllability; As well as integrates the flexible manufacture system and

40、so on.</p><p>　　The aggregate machine-tool is take the general part as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig,

41、 the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-l

42、ocations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high seve</p><p>　　There are two virtues that are low cost and high efficiency in modular machine tools,which is widely used in

43、 batch production.This text introduces an automatic control system of multi-station modular machine tool.Applying PLC to control the modular machine tool can raise the automation extent and work efficiency and reduce a g

44、reat deal of hardware wiring:so the dependability of the machine tool is also increased.</p><p>　　Combination machine tools and general machine tools, and other special machine tool have the following charac

45、teristics：</p><p>　　1) Combination machine tools on the general parts and standard parts is all accounts for about 70% of total machine zero parts-80%; so the design and manufacture of cycle is short, less i

46、nvestment, good economic effect.</p><p>　　2) The combination machine tools with many knives processing and a high degree of automation is more efficiency, stable product quality, low labor strength than gene

47、ral machine tools.</p><p>　　3) The general parts combination machine tools is a careful design and the production practice of long-term test, which are made by the special manfunfactory. So the structure is

48、stable, reliable and convenient to use and repair.</p><p>　　4) In combination machine tools, due to the special jig props and orientation device, processing technology and equipment guarantee on quality, the

49、 operation of the technical level workers is not high.</p><p>　　5) When the products is processed update, using other types of special machine tool, most of its component to discard. Its general parts and st

50、andard parts can use again, need not be design and manufacturing.</p><p>　　6) Combination machine tools is easy to represent combination machine tools automatic line, in order to adapt to the mass production

51、 needs.</p><p>　　Because of the need of making weapons, in the 15 th century it had appeared hydraulic drive of the cannon muzzles boring。At 1769, j. watt steam engine has practical patent;Cylinder processin

52、g precision is the key problems of the steam engine .In 1774 British j. Wilkinson invent cannon muzzles boring machine. The next year for watt steam engine for processing cylinder body in 1776, he made a more accurate cy

53、linder boring machine, around 1880. In Germany it began with production before and after t</p><p>　　The structure characteristics of the boring machine：</p><p>　　1）In case accessories when, as a

54、 representative of the department with long boring hole cut, is the most important metal cutting one of content of although there are still die by the set of desktop milling boring after supporting pillar long pole or ar

55、tificial find is turning the method such as 180 long boring hole implementation example of the cut, but in recent years, on the one hand, because of CNC processing center and boring machine of use, make all kinds of hori

56、zontal milling and boring ma</p><p>　　2）Column send into switching boring the coaxial tolerance of error compensation effect and milling and boring machine switching boring and the main factors of the coaxia

57、l tolerance and the desktop milling and boring machine, is also turning 180 of the array indexing error and to make before switching da has a half a long boring hole d1 axis, in turn again and boring axis after coinciden

58、ce and boring hole of the other half cut long d2, required the workbench (x) to mobile Lx = 2 Lx the positionin</p><p>　　3）Boring axis sent into the column when the reasonable determination of the vertical p

59、osition when run into specific case, milling and boring machine must be fixed in the pillar of the longitudinal bed body a suitable location, but with boring axis with cutting tools as bore out send into form, boring axi

60、s and to be boring axis in the xz plane within the name the Angle of cut error db, yz in the Angle of cut plane within the error dg, and the desktop milling and boring machine, to make a turn of</p><p>　　Pro

61、cessing features: processing process work piece still for mobile tool, cutting tool center is hole in the centre, and make tools turn (the Lord movement)</p><p>　　This subject is SC175 variable speed case wh

62、ich relates to special combination boring and fixture design. The main steps and content into:</p><p>　　1)Box body parts process planning </p><p>　　In analyzing the processing box body’s concret

63、e structure and the main axle hole precision request,formulated whole processing craft route in the box body processing and finished boring working procedure processing technical process in detail (including workpiece lo

64、calization, process cutting tool’s selectian utting specifications’ determination , cutting force and cuttinfg power’s computation and so on .)</p><p>　　2)Modular machine-tool design</p><p>　　Ac

65、cording to the feature of processed parts,processing request,accuray request and so on,may determine to basic disposition plan the combinated boring lathe.Carries on a whole design-three charts and one card.</p>&

66、lt;p><b>　　中文譯文: </b></p><p><b>　　組合鏜床</b></p><p>　　對于多功能組合機(jī)床，工業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)有很多稱呼來形容它，如 “多任務(wù)處理裝置”、“多功能機(jī)床”、“多程序生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)”等，它確實可稱為加工領(lǐng)域的新星，可降低成本，簡化配置，并一直保持在美國本土生產(chǎn)。過去只有使用多機(jī)操作才能完成的任務(wù)，現(xiàn)在可以

67、集中到一臺機(jī)床上加工完成。</p><p>　　由于市場需求的不斷變化，產(chǎn)品的生命周期在不斷縮短，今天的市場更加強(qiáng)烈需求多任務(wù)處理裝置概念。在整個生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中推行精益管理時，沒有比把零件加工集中到一臺機(jī)器上完成更精一些傳統(tǒng)的制造業(yè)廠商認(rèn)為多功能組合機(jī)床過于復(fù)雜，很難找到合適的操作人員也就不足為奇了。在一些勞動力市場，要找到能夠?qū)Χ噍S組合機(jī)床加工中心進(jìn)行手工編程的人是不太可能的事。但資料顯示，解決方案可有兩個，一個是

68、現(xiàn)代多功能組合機(jī)床的直覺式技術(shù)，另一個是針對金屬加工基本原理及在生產(chǎn)車間現(xiàn)場有關(guān)新機(jī)床使用中難題創(chuàng)新解決方面的培訓(xùn)。</p><p>　　直覺式技術(shù)控制：設(shè)備采用“帶走熱量”式設(shè)計，有床身、鋼制直線滾動導(dǎo)軌、鋼制轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架、設(shè)備上使用的不同材料，所有這些組合到一起建造成一臺機(jī)床。這些都與導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)、體積膨脹相關(guān)。所有不同尺寸的東西都會以不同的速度生長。</p><p>　　由于這個原因，需要制

69、造熱友好機(jī)床，以便知道發(fā)熱的薄弱點在哪里，可以通過合理的機(jī)床設(shè)計來補(bǔ)償。元件是全程運動。機(jī)床滑動產(chǎn)生摩擦并轉(zhuǎn)化為熱。切削加工產(chǎn)生的熱屑掉到不同地方，在整個過程中冷卻液會混合在其中。在切削刀具上會持續(xù)出現(xiàn)很多不同的溫度區(qū)域，所以也會有很多東西對熱穩(wěn)定性產(chǎn)生影響。切削刀具技術(shù)把多功能組合機(jī)床變成了具備銑削和切削能力的“全能機(jī)器”。</p><p>　　據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點是這些機(jī)床整體上更具直覺性。防撞保護(hù)技術(shù)已

70、經(jīng)非常成熟，在某些情況下，即使采用手動操作模式，也能避免碰撞的發(fā)生。由于控制軟件有很好的直覺性，用戶操作友好程度也在不斷提高。相信多功能組合機(jī)床會以其生存能力遍布于更多不同的加工現(xiàn)場。離線編程優(yōu)化和NC自動控制系統(tǒng)的形成已經(jīng)使這一技術(shù)更容易接受，因此當(dāng)將程序用在機(jī)床上時，不必花很多時間去調(diào)整程序和確認(rèn)某一元件沒有問題。如果一個零件需要配備上下兩個轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時進(jìn)行粗加工，這種情況下編程是比較困難的,因為它需要兩個轉(zhuǎn)塔刀架同時進(jìn)刀。AdMa

71、c系統(tǒng)可以實現(xiàn)對這些同時進(jìn)刀的刀架的自動編程，并能使正確的主軸速度、正確的進(jìn)給速度等所有參數(shù)實現(xiàn)同步。</p><p>　　Okuma公司的防撞系統(tǒng)設(shè)計基于實際加工工況的防撞模擬，因此，如果操作者安裝了錯誤的刀具或設(shè)定了錯誤的參數(shù)，控制系統(tǒng)會檢測出來并阻止機(jī)床進(jìn)入加工狀態(tài),通過與西門子公司合作， INDEX公司現(xiàn)在可以提供3D模式的“虛擬機(jī)床”，按照某一特定型號的機(jī)床定制。結(jié)果表明，模擬加工出來的成品零件不只是與

72、實際成品相似，簡直就是一對一的拷貝。直覺式控制界面、模擬以及其他軟件技術(shù)進(jìn)步，更多的生產(chǎn)車間向多功能組合機(jī)床敞開了大門，但如果沒有相應(yīng)的知識培訓(xùn)和解決問題的創(chuàng)造力，制造商也很難體會到和充分利用先進(jìn)機(jī)床柔順性方面的優(yōu)勢。對機(jī)器所做的工作越多，機(jī)器就會越復(fù)雜，也相應(yīng)地需要具備更強(qiáng)技能的人才能操縱它。</p><p>　　假如一個機(jī)械師過去一天操作3臺機(jī)床，那么現(xiàn)在他有這樣一臺多功能的機(jī)床，就可以生產(chǎn)出更多的零件。更為

73、重要的是，他可以借助軟件的幫助使生產(chǎn)效率更高，對于轉(zhuǎn)換加工零件的準(zhǔn)備，也可以編制加工工藝計劃。因為更換零件需要降下3個主軸，因此在更換零件之前，車間應(yīng)加工盡可能多的零件。對于多功能機(jī)床，轉(zhuǎn)換零件速度非?？?，生產(chǎn)批次間隔時間更短，庫存更低，生產(chǎn)效率更高。能夠充分利用多功能機(jī)床的一些車間，很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)崗位功能的統(tǒng)一?，F(xiàn)在，一個車間可以只用一個操作人員、一個調(diào)整工和一個編程師，將來這3項工作完全可以由一個人來做。傳統(tǒng)崗位描述中機(jī)械師將過渡成為

74、一個調(diào)整工程師，如果該工程師還熟悉零件加工編程，那就更理想了。對于這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換，培訓(xùn)就比較簡單了，只要培訓(xùn)1個人就行，而不是3個人。從長遠(yuǎn)觀點看，這將提供給人們更高的崗位滿意度。當(dāng)調(diào)整工程師負(fù)責(zé)加工編程并且親自關(guān)注零件加工的整個過程時，他就完全成了這個零件的主宰者。除此之外，還應(yīng)該在刀具選擇和編程方面做更多的努力，要使任何型號的多功能組合機(jī)床都成功，車間需要配備熟練的機(jī)械師，有能力并靈活地完成多種操作。因此，橫向培訓(xùn)比過去任何時候都重要了

75、。把銑削和車削加工視為</p><p>　　刀具選擇：大多數(shù)人不會將轎車輪胎裝到跑車上，但加工刀具就發(fā)生了這樣的情況。刀具應(yīng)與新機(jī)床相匹配，可以想像在新機(jī)床上重復(fù)使用舊刀具對生產(chǎn)效率的影響。為匹配多功能組合機(jī)床，新刀具和刀具適配器技術(shù)已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來。目前工業(yè)領(lǐng)域正在研制開發(fā)的加工刀具，可以在同一刀架上完成車削、鏜削和鉆削加工，只是加工時相對于工件的角度有所不同而已。加工操作上的差別甚至都混淆不清了。新的加工刀具可

76、以完成銑削和車削。</p><p>　　動化技術(shù)（機(jī)床）是本世紀(jì)以來發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一。現(xiàn)代自動化技術(shù)是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力，是直接創(chuàng)造社會財富的主要手段之一，對人類的生產(chǎn)活動和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動作用。因此，自動化技術(shù)受到世界各國的廣泛重視和越來越多的應(yīng)用。 機(jī)械自動化（機(jī)床），主要指在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用自動化技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)加工對象的連續(xù)自動生產(chǎn)，實現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動生產(chǎn)過程，加快生產(chǎn)投入物

77、的加工變換和流動速度。機(jī)械自動化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。機(jī)械自動化的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)，不僅影響整個機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門的技術(shù)進(jìn)步有很大的直接影響。因此，發(fā)展我國的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動化技術(shù)，符合我國社會主義的基本原則，符合我國現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。 如何發(fā)展我國的機(jī)械自動化技術(shù)（機(jī)床），這里有個技術(shù)政策問題，應(yīng)實事求是，一切從我國的具體國情出發(fā)，做好各項基礎(chǔ)工作，走中國

78、的機(jī)械自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展之路。 國內(nèi)外的工業(yè)發(fā)展史告訴我們，實現(xiàn)機(jī)械自動化是一個由低級到高級、由簡單到復(fù)雜、由不完善到完善的發(fā)展過程。當(dāng)機(jī)器的操作采用自動控制器后，生產(chǎn)方式才從機(jī)械化逐步過渡到機(jī)械控</p><p>　　80年代國際上出現(xiàn)了開始采用計算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)CIMS(Computer Integrated Manufacturing），柔性自動化生產(chǎn)模式也有這種情況。初期犆犐犕犛以信息集成為重點，以

79、較高的自動化程度為特征，但在實現(xiàn)過程中遇到了困難。鑒于實現(xiàn)計算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)的全盤自動化所需的巨額投入（一個全盤自動化工廠耗資數(shù)百億美元，柔性制造系統(tǒng)一般價格為600～2500萬美元），所承擔(dān)的巨大風(fēng)險，加之技術(shù)上的難度與可靠性等問題，世界工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家已開始“碰壁轉(zhuǎn)產(chǎn)”，轉(zhuǎn)而注重信息集成的效果，追求低成本自動化LCA(Low Cost Automation）的企業(yè)組織結(jié)構(gòu)和運行方式。 </p><p>　　組合機(jī)

80、床未來的發(fā)展將更多的采用調(diào)速電動機(jī)和滾珠絲杠等傳動，以簡化結(jié)構(gòu)、縮短生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍；采用數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)和主軸箱、夾具自動更換系統(tǒng)，以提高工藝可調(diào)性；以及納入柔性制造系據(jù)資料介紹，最顯著的特點</p><p>　　組合機(jī)床是以通用部件為基礎(chǔ)，配以按工件特定形狀和加工工藝設(shè)計的專用部件和夾具，組成的半自動或自動專用機(jī)床。組合機(jī)床一般采用多軸、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同時加工的方式，生產(chǎn)效率比通用機(jī)床高幾倍至幾十倍。由于通用

81、部件已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化，可根據(jù)需要靈活配置，能縮短設(shè)計和制造周期。多軸箱是組合機(jī)床的核心部件。它是選用通用零件，按專用要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計的，在組合機(jī)床設(shè)計的過程中，是工作量較大的部件之一。它是根據(jù)工序圖和加工示意圖所確定的工件加工孔的數(shù)量和位置，切削用量和主軸類型設(shè)計的傳遞各主軸運動的動力部件。其動力來自通用的動力箱，與動力箱一起安裝于進(jìn)給滑臺，可完成鉆，絞等加工工序。本課題設(shè)計了用于HT200上蓋孔加工的鏜孔組合機(jī)床。根據(jù)要加工的上蓋孔零件

82、尺寸進(jìn)行組合機(jī)床通用多軸箱的設(shè)計，繪制多軸箱原始依據(jù)圖，確定主軸和齒輪模數(shù)，確定出傳動系統(tǒng)，計算出主軸和傳動軸的坐標(biāo)。通過以上設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)了上蓋單面六孔的一次加工完成，較好地達(dá)到了設(shè)計要求。為適應(yīng)數(shù)控組合機(jī)床的發(fā)展，就出現(xiàn)了組成數(shù)控機(jī)床的數(shù)控加工模塊。組合機(jī)床模塊化是組合機(jī)床數(shù)控化所帶來的必然結(jié)果，也是組合機(jī)床數(shù)控化的必要基礎(chǔ)，數(shù)控加工模塊話極大的</p><p>　　組合機(jī)床兼有低成本和高效率的優(yōu)點,在大批量生產(chǎn)

83、中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,并可以組成自動生產(chǎn)線。多工位組合機(jī)床采用的PLC控制系統(tǒng),將PLC控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用于機(jī)床,大大提高了自動化程度和工作效率,同時減少了大量繼電器的硬件接線,工作的可靠程度也顯著增加,方便了操作和維修。</p><p>　　組合機(jī)床與通用機(jī)床，其他專用機(jī)床比較，具有以下特點：</p><p>　　1）組合機(jī)床上的通用部件和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件約占全部機(jī)床零、部件總量的70%-80%,因此設(shè)

84、計和制造的周期短，投資少，經(jīng)濟(jì)效果好。</p><p>　　2）由于組合機(jī)床用多刀加工，并且自動化程度高，因而比通用機(jī)床生產(chǎn)效率高，產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，勞動強(qiáng)度低。</p><p>　　3）組合機(jī)床的通用部件是經(jīng)過周密設(shè)計和長期生產(chǎn)實踐考驗的，又有專門廠成批制造，因此結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定，工作可靠，使用維修方便。</p><p>　　4）在組合機(jī)床上加工零件時，由于采用專用夾具、道具

85、和導(dǎo)向裝置，加工質(zhì)量靠工藝裝備保證，對操作作工人的技術(shù)水平要求不高。</p><p>　　5）當(dāng)被加工產(chǎn)品更新時，采用其他類型的專門機(jī)床時，其大部分部件要報廢，組合機(jī)床是，其通用部件和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件可以重復(fù)利用，不必另行設(shè)計和制造。</p><p>　　6）組合機(jī)床易于聯(lián)成組合機(jī)床自動線，以適應(yīng)大規(guī)模的生產(chǎn)需要。</p><p>　　由于制造武器的需要,在15世紀(jì)就已經(jīng)出

86、現(xiàn)了水力驅(qū)動的炮筒鏜床 1769年J.瓦特取得實用蒸汽機(jī)專利后,汽缸的加工精度就成了蒸汽機(jī)的關(guān)鍵問題 1774年英國人J.威爾金森發(fā)明炮筒鏜床,次年用于為瓦特蒸汽機(jī)加工汽缸體 1776年他又制造了一臺較為精確的汽缸鏜床 1880年前后,在德國開始生產(chǎn)帶前后立柱和工作臺的臥式鏜床 為適應(yīng)特大 特重工件的加工,20世紀(jì)30年代發(fā)展了落地鏜床 隨著銑削工作量的增加,50年代出現(xiàn)了落地鏜銑床 20世紀(jì)初,由于鐘表儀器制造業(yè)的發(fā)展,需要加工孔距誤

87、差較小的設(shè)備,在瑞士出現(xiàn)了坐標(biāo)鏜床。</p><p><b>　　鏜床的結(jié)構(gòu)特點：</b></p><p>　　1、以箱體零件同軸孔系為代表的長孔鏜削，是金屬切削加工中最重要的內(nèi)容之一。盡管現(xiàn)在仍有采用鏜模、導(dǎo)套、臺式銑鏜床后立柱支承長鏜桿或人工找正工件回轉(zhuǎn)180°等方法實施長孔鏜削的實例，但近些年來，一方面由于數(shù)控銑鏜床和加工中心大量使用，使各類臥式銑鏜床

88、的坐標(biāo)定位精度和工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)分度精度有了較大提高，長孔鏜削逐漸被高效的工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)180°自定位的調(diào)頭鏜孔另一方面形床身布局之普通或數(shù)控刨臺式銑鏜床的大量生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用，從機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)上使工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)180°自定位的調(diào)頭鏜孔，幾乎成為在該種機(jī)床上鏜削長孔的唯一方法。</p><p>　　2、立柱送進(jìn)調(diào)頭鏜孔的同軸度誤差及其補(bǔ)償 影響銑鏜床調(diào)頭鏜孔同軸度的主要因素與臺式銑鏜床一樣，也是工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)180

89、6;調(diào)頭的分度誤差da和為使調(diào)頭前已鏜成的半個長孔d1軸線，在調(diào)頭后再次與鏜軸軸線重合而鏜削長孔之另一半孔d2，所需工作臺橫（x）向移動Lx=2lx的定位誤差dx2。而且工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)180°前后，臺面在xy坐標(biāo)平面內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的傾角誤差df，在yz平面內(nèi)產(chǎn)生的傾角誤差dy及在y向產(chǎn)生的平移誤差dy，也同樣是刨臺式銑鏜床調(diào)頭鏜孔同軸度的重要影響因素。但鏜軸軸線空間位置對調(diào)頭鏜孔同軸度的影響，通常用立柱送進(jìn)完成孔全長鏜削的刨臺式銑鏜床，與

90、通常用工作臺縱移送進(jìn)的臺式銑鏜床有明顯的不同。</p><p>　　3、鏜軸送進(jìn)時立柱縱向位置的合理確定當(dāng)碰到特定情況，銑鏜床必須把立柱固定在縱向床身上的一個合適位置，而用鏜軸帶著刀具伸出作為鏜孔的送進(jìn)形式時，鏜軸軸線與被鏜孔名義軸線在xz平面內(nèi)的交角誤差db，在yz平面內(nèi)的交角誤差dg，與臺式銑鏜床一樣，對調(diào)頭鏜孔的同軸度都有重要的影響，并且隨著鏜軸送進(jìn)長度的增加，鏜軸自重引起之鏜桿下?lián)献冃?，也對調(diào)頭鏜孔的同軸

91、度產(chǎn)生較大影響。與臺式銑鏜床所不同的是，刨臺式銑鏜床的鏜軸伸出鏜孔時，可縱向移動的立柱必須固置在縱床身上一個確定的位置，并且重要的是這個確定位置可以且應(yīng)該被選擇。4、鏜床上刀具位置的合理確定在鏜床上采用立柱送進(jìn)調(diào)頭鏜孔時，裝夾在鏜軸之刀桿上的鏜刀，其沿Z向的合理位置，一方面要滿足刀尖回轉(zhuǎn)中心至主軸箱前端面的距離稍大于孔全長的一半（再小將不能把長孔鏜通，過大則鏜軸剛度下降）；另一方面還要滿足把刀具刀尖的回轉(zhuǎn)中心，置于鏜軸軸線與立柱縱移線的

92、交點O上等等。 </p><p>　　加工特點：加工過程中工件不動，讓刀具移動，將刀具中心對正孔中心，并使刀具轉(zhuǎn)動(主運動)。 </p><p>　　本課題進(jìn)行SC175變速箱體專用組合鏜床及夾具設(shè)計，主要的步驟和內(nèi)容分為：</p><p><b>　　箱體零件工藝設(shè)計:</b></p><p>　　在分析了被加工箱體具