信息管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開題報(bào)告材料</p><p><b>　　二〇一二年九月</b></p><p>　　一、綜述本課題國內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài)，說明選題的依據(jù)和意義</p><p>　　1.1 管理信息系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介</p><p>　　MIS是Management Information System的縮寫，即“管

2、理信息系統(tǒng)”。它由人和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成，能提供企業(yè)管理所需信息以支持企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營和決策的人機(jī)系統(tǒng)。主要功能包括經(jīng)營管理、資產(chǎn)管理、生產(chǎn)管理、行政管理和系統(tǒng)維護(hù)等。一個(gè)以人為主導(dǎo)，利用計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、軟件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信設(shè)備以及其他辦公設(shè)備，進(jìn)行信息的收集、傳輸、加工、存儲(chǔ)、更新和維護(hù)，以企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)優(yōu)、提高效益和效率為目的，支持企業(yè)的高層決策、中層控制、基層運(yùn)作的集成化的人機(jī)系統(tǒng)。完整的MIS應(yīng)包括：決策支持系統(tǒng)（DSS）、工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)（CCS）、

3、辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)（OA）以及數(shù)據(jù)庫、模型庫、方法庫、知識(shí)庫和與上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)及外界交換信息的接口。信息系統(tǒng)的基本概念是建立在普通系統(tǒng)理論和系統(tǒng)科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)之上的。這主要包括兩大普通系統(tǒng)理論模型，即輸入-過程-輸出模型和系統(tǒng)-子系統(tǒng)-系統(tǒng)環(huán)境模型。管理信息的價(jià)值在于特定管理層把信息用于特定決策及其決策產(chǎn)生的效果。</p><p>　　MIS的歷史發(fā)展經(jīng)歷過五個(gè)變革期：</p><p>　　大型主機(jī)和小型

4、機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)處理</p><p><b>　　個(gè)人電腦</b></p><p><b>　　客戶端/服務(wù)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)</b></p><p><b>　　企業(yè)技術(shù)</b></p><p><b>　　云計(jì)算</b></p><p>　　1.2

5、管理信息系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)外應(yīng)用</p><p><b>　　1.2.1國外應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)軟件有IBM公司的COPICS系統(tǒng)、NCR公司的IMCS-II系統(tǒng)、日本NTT公司的DIPS-1系統(tǒng)、前蘇聯(lián)ACY系統(tǒng)、美國MAC-CAP系統(tǒng)和JDEdwards公司的JDE系統(tǒng)、Oracle公司的Oracle、Fourth Shift公司的MSS系統(tǒng)、德

6、國SAP公司的R/3系統(tǒng)、荷蘭BAAN公司的BAANIV系統(tǒng)等。</p><p>　　IBM的COPICS系統(tǒng)目前在2000多家大公司使用，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)在資源條件不變的情況下，可增加產(chǎn)值30%。前蘇聯(lián)到1984年共建成7567個(gè)ACY系統(tǒng)，提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率35%。日本近20年來生產(chǎn)高速發(fā)展，則與計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用分不開。NTT公司的DIPS-1系統(tǒng)可同時(shí)容納1 000個(gè)用戶，響應(yīng)時(shí)間平均為2s。豐田公司的企業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)，有汽

7、車輔助設(shè)計(jì)、訂貨管理、生產(chǎn)線調(diào)度控制等子系統(tǒng)，使訂貨、計(jì)劃、加工、裝配到出廠的周期從45d降到7d。</p><p><b>　　1.2.2國內(nèi)應(yīng)用</b></p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)MIS在我國的發(fā)展歷史不長，但MIS的運(yùn)行模式先后經(jīng)歷了主機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)、文件服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)、CLIENT/SERVER結(jié)構(gòu)、BROWSER/SERVER結(jié)構(gòu)。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫

8、技術(shù)的發(fā)展，基于INTERNET的管理信息系統(tǒng)已成為企業(yè)MIS發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。國內(nèi)較成熟的管理信息系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品有：北京利瑪CAPMS/95、開思ERP、金航聯(lián)AEPCS生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)、科希盟的SJ-ERP、北極星ERP；天津企星MRPII、和佳ERP；上海啟明MRPII、博科商業(yè)ERP；廣州MRP高博士、華通ERP；廣東慧亞MRPⅡ；西安協(xié)同軟件、博通資訊MRPII；山西經(jīng)緯JW-MIS等。</p><p>　　在應(yīng)用

9、管理信息系統(tǒng)之后，企業(yè)產(chǎn)生很大變化。</p><p>　　(1)生產(chǎn)管理改善。如改善和解決了工模具配套缺項(xiàng)、零部件制造周期定量化、及時(shí)供料、車間銜接、成本計(jì)算等問題。</p><p>　　(2)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。以上海電梯廠為例，1994年節(jié)約庫存資金320萬元，生產(chǎn)周期縮短25%，年產(chǎn)量增加，顯著節(jié)約生產(chǎn)資金240萬元，兩項(xiàng)節(jié)約利息48.8萬元，節(jié)約其他費(fèi)用10萬元。</p>&l

10、t;p>　　1.3 管理信息系統(tǒng)的前景展望</p><p><b>　　1.3.1網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　采用Internet的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施及WWW的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)建筑的企業(yè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)（Intranet）是解決企業(yè)范圍內(nèi)信息需求的最佳途徑，預(yù)計(jì)今后較長一段時(shí)期內(nèi)將會(huì)是企業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)主流選擇方案，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。</p><p>&l

11、t;b>　　1.3.2平臺(tái)開發(fā)</b></p><p>　　Intranet采用基于Java技術(shù)的軟件平臺(tái)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)跨平臺(tái)運(yùn)行，與國際潮流相呼應(yīng)；Visual Basic、PowerBuilder和Delphi引入人工智能系統(tǒng)，提供先進(jìn)的Web技術(shù)，提高開發(fā)速度和質(zhì)量，是客戶端應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)的首選工具。</p><p><b>　　1.3.3系統(tǒng)功能</b&g

12、t;</p><p>　　系統(tǒng)安全性和可控性的提高，使用戶放心使用軟件，而不必?fù)?dān)心系統(tǒng)泄密或感染病毒則是在系統(tǒng)功能方面發(fā)展、完善的要求。</p><p>　　1.4 選題依據(jù)和意義</p><p>　　隨著信息技術(shù)在管理上越來越深入而廣泛的應(yīng)用，管理信息系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施在技術(shù)上已逐步成熟。管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)不斷發(fā)展的新型學(xué)科，任何一個(gè)單位要生存要發(fā)展，要高效率地把內(nèi)部活動(dòng)

13、有機(jī)地組織起來，就必須建立與自身特點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的管理信息系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　本項(xiàng)目開發(fā)的軟件系統(tǒng)是考研調(diào)劑信息管理系統(tǒng)，是鑒于目前高校學(xué)生人數(shù)劇增，學(xué)生信息呈爆炸式增長的前提下，同時(shí)考研人數(shù)的不斷新高，高校對(duì)研究生招生工作的自動(dòng)化與準(zhǔn)確化的要求日益強(qiáng)烈的背景下構(gòu)思處理的，該軟件設(shè)計(jì)完成后可用于招生單位的學(xué)生信息的管理。</p><p>　　考研調(diào)劑信息管理系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)招生單位不可缺少的部

14、分。一個(gè)功能齊全、簡(jiǎn)單易用的信息管理系統(tǒng)不但能有效地減輕招生單位相關(guān)工作人員的工作負(fù)擔(dān)，它的內(nèi)容對(duì)于高校的決策者和管理者來說都是至關(guān)重要的。所以考研調(diào)劑信息管理系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該能夠?yàn)橛脩籼峁┏渥愕男畔⒑涂旖莸牟樵兪侄?。但一直以來人們使用傳統(tǒng)人工的方式管理文件檔案、統(tǒng)計(jì)和查詢數(shù)據(jù)，這種管理方式存在著許多缺點(diǎn)：效率低、保密性差、人工浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重、信息反饋不及時(shí)。另外對(duì)于需要進(jìn)行考研調(diào)劑的學(xué)生來說，不能及時(shí)獲得相關(guān)學(xué)校的考研調(diào)劑通知和反饋信息，將會(huì)造成一

15、定的社會(huì)影響。并且對(duì)于招生單位，如何及時(shí)地通知到每位學(xué)生以及招到合適的學(xué)生，都是一個(gè)難題。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷提高，使用計(jì)算機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)招生工作進(jìn)行管理，具有手工管理所無法比擬的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：查詢方便、調(diào)劑方便、可靠性好、信息反饋及時(shí)、存儲(chǔ)量大、保密性好、成本低。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)能夠極大地提高招生工作的高效率進(jìn)行，也是一個(gè)單位科學(xué)化、正規(guī)化管理，與世界接軌的重要條件。</p><p>　　二、研究的基本內(nèi)容，擬解決的主要問題：&l

16、t;/p><p>　　要設(shè)計(jì)一套這樣的軟件系統(tǒng)，其研究的基本內(nèi)容：采用B/S的架構(gòu)方式開發(fā)本系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)登陸有兩種方式：一、學(xué)生。二、招生單位。在學(xué)生的界面中，應(yīng)有的功能：查詢?nèi)鳖~信息、考生調(diào)劑報(bào)名、修改調(diào)劑志愿、查看復(fù)試通知、查看待錄取通知。在招生單位的界面中，應(yīng)有的功能：查看調(diào)劑學(xué)生信息、 修改調(diào)劑招生信息、通知復(fù)試、通知預(yù)錄取。</p><p>　　要達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)目的，主要解決的問題：<

17、/p><p>　?。?）信息的及時(shí)反饋，包括學(xué)生和招生單位窗口中各種信息的更新，查詢，修改。</p><p>　?。?）調(diào)劑學(xué)生信息和招生單位信息的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理，包括總體架構(gòu)中總設(shè)計(jì)的各類數(shù)據(jù)的分類以及數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)和層次。</p><p>　?。?）使用工廠設(shè)計(jì)模式和DAO設(shè)計(jì)模式進(jìn)行構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　?。?）各功能模塊之間的關(guān)聯(lián)和層

18、次關(guān)系。</p><p>　?。?）每個(gè)子模塊的分析、分類和整合。</p><p>　?。?）各模塊進(jìn)行銜接以搭建整個(gè)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　?。?）能夠支持大量數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)訪問。</p><p>　　三、研究步驟、方法及措施： </p><p>　　首先要熟練掌握J(rèn)ava編程技術(shù)以及B/S架構(gòu)和JavaEE平臺(tái)的

19、知識(shí)。</p><p>　　使用到的技術(shù)框架包含：Swing，Service和DAO。</p><p>　　其次， 主要學(xué)習(xí)JavaEE平臺(tái)開發(fā)系統(tǒng)，在分析本系統(tǒng)各數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系和層次，數(shù)據(jù)管理的必要性和系統(tǒng)工作流程、功能的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用B/S和JavaEE平臺(tái)，結(jié)合工廠設(shè)計(jì)模式和DAO設(shè)計(jì)模式構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　接下來分別針對(duì)學(xué)生界面和招生單位界面進(jìn)行功

20、能模塊分析，對(duì)于每個(gè)功能模塊之間的聯(lián)系和層次進(jìn)行分析，對(duì)每個(gè)功能模塊的子模塊進(jìn)行分類和整合。然后將功能模塊進(jìn)行銜接和測(cè)試，最后自底向上地搭建整個(gè)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　再接下來，則是對(duì)軟件系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行概要設(shè)計(jì)，詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)，編碼，測(cè)試。</p><p>　　最后，完成畢業(yè)論文。</p><p><b>　　四、研究工作進(jìn)度：</b></p

21、><p><b>　　五、主要參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　[1] 王輝,彭小波,呂志剛,閆雙景,姜不居 . 國內(nèi)外管理信息系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀及展望[J ] . 特種鑄造及有色合金 ,1999 ,(5)</p><p>　　[2] 廖志英,董安邦 . 基于C/S和B/S混合結(jié)構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行模式[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用 ,2002 ,38

22、（2）</p><p>　　[3] 鮑振軍,趙武,榮先奎 . 利用JavaEE構(gòu)建創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)[J ] . 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)與制造 ,2011 ,（2）</p><p>　　[4] 許立達(dá) . 管理信息系統(tǒng)及其學(xué)科發(fā)展[N ] . http://soft.chinabyte.com/318/2385818.shtml</p><p>　　[5] 夏驕雄,陸菊康,施振夏

23、 . Intranet與信息管理系統(tǒng)[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用 ,2000 ,36（3）</p><p>　　[6] 郭文勝,殷國富,范守文,胡曉兵 . 基于WEB模式的管理信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施[J ] . 電子科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) ,2001 ,30（1）</p><p>　　[7] 嚴(yán)勛,孫虎,周豐,張摩西,王玲 . 企業(yè)管理信息系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)模式研究[J ] . 微計(jì)算機(jī)信息 ,2007 ,2

24、3（33）</p><p>　　[8] 張喜生,王志勇 . 基于B/S構(gòu)架的電力燃料信息管理系統(tǒng)[J ] . 深圳職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) ,2008 ,7（3）</p><p>　　[9] 楊荻 . 醫(yī)院B/S架構(gòu)信息管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)仿真 ,2010 ,27（6）</p><p>　　六、指導(dǎo)教師審核意見： </p><p>

25、　　指導(dǎo)教師簽字： </p><p><b>　　年　　月　　日</b></p><p>　　七、系、室、部（研究所）評(píng)議意見： </p><p>　　適合本專業(yè)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題；</p><p>　　不適合本專業(yè)的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)課題；</p><p>　　其他

26、 </p><p>　　系、室、部（研究所）主任簽字： </p><p><b>　　年　　月　　日</b></p><p>　　八、開題小組評(píng)審意見：</p><p>　　開題小組組長簽字：　　　　 </p><p><b>

27、　　年　　月　　日</b></p><p>　　九、系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（答辯委員會(huì)）審核意見：</p><p>　　1．通過； 2．完善后通過；　　　　?。常赐ㄟ^ </p><p>　　系領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（答辯委員會(huì)）簽字：　　　　 </p><p><b>　　年　　月　　日</b></p&

28、gt;<p>　　基于B/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)</p><p><b>　　1.前言</b></p><p>　　隨著信息技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，利用Internet機(jī)制來運(yùn)作的新型管理信息系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)——Intranet，開始為人們所重視。目前，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，“信息高速公路”建設(shè)熱潮已在全球拉開序幕，Client/Server應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)在開放性與信息

29、的發(fā)布、交流等方面存在很大的局限性，嚴(yán)重影響到企業(yè)適應(yīng)全球性的全方位信息化進(jìn)程的步伐，成為當(dāng)前企業(yè)IT部門面臨的一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻問題。</p><p>　　2.基于B/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)的研究</p><p>　　2.1管理信息系統(tǒng)的新需求</p><p>　　從計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的角度，管理信息系統(tǒng)MIS的主要功能是：信息處理，包括信息收集、存儲(chǔ)、傳輸、加工、查詢等；輔助事務(wù)管

30、理，如輔助計(jì)劃管理、銷售管理、人事管理等；輔助決策，用數(shù)學(xué)方法預(yù)測(cè)未來，提供決策信息。</p><p>　　但隨著計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的普及與信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，人們對(duì)MIS的要求也在不斷提高。</p><p>　　用戶的需求，首先體現(xiàn)在對(duì)感官世界的追求上。由于Internet的超鏈接與Java、ActiveX等技術(shù)的發(fā)展，用戶已經(jīng)逐漸進(jìn)入并習(xí)慣于與豐富多彩的Web頁面及多媒體成果相接觸，這就促使他

31、們對(duì)MIS的感官要求有了期望。</p><p>　　對(duì)于開發(fā)人員而言，他們希望MIS框架結(jié)構(gòu)能夠以不變應(yīng)萬變，即無論信息源是怎樣的數(shù)據(jù)庫，這些都不應(yīng)該影響軟件開發(fā)和整個(gè)信息的結(jié)構(gòu)；同時(shí)需要一種非常靈活的、集成所以功能的開發(fā)工具，可以用最快、最好的方法和手段解決問題。</p><p>　　對(duì)于一個(gè)企業(yè)來說，對(duì)MIS系統(tǒng)的最直接要求就是應(yīng)用的簡(jiǎn)單化、持續(xù)化和經(jīng)濟(jì)化。即通過簡(jiǎn)單有序地系統(tǒng)運(yùn)作，起

32、到低成本投入和高效益產(chǎn)出的聯(lián)動(dòng)關(guān)系，既能包容已有的設(shè)備，保護(hù)已有的投資，又能引用最新的技術(shù)和資源，實(shí)現(xiàn)MIS系統(tǒng)已有的應(yīng)用向基于Web的應(yīng)用遷移。</p><p>　　服務(wù)提供者最希望有一個(gè)集成的服務(wù)器平臺(tái)。他們認(rèn)為最有效和實(shí)用的MIS系統(tǒng)不管是硬件和服務(wù)器之間、還是軟件和服務(wù)器之間，都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)信息交換和信息互相利用、轉(zhuǎn)換的功能。</p><p>　　2.2傳統(tǒng)管理信息系統(tǒng)的不足<

33、/p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的管理信息系統(tǒng)有一些方面不夠完善，無法適應(yīng)，這主要體現(xiàn)在：</p><p>　　（1）封閉式單項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)，不同系統(tǒng)無法進(jìn)行交流。</p><p>　?。?）用戶界面風(fēng)格不一，使用復(fù)雜，不利于推廣使用。</p><p>　　（3）系統(tǒng)開發(fā)和維護(hù)復(fù)雜，移植困難，升級(jí)麻煩。</p><p>　　（4）不能包容已

34、有系統(tǒng)，造成重復(fù)投資。</p><p>　　（5）不能接納新技術(shù)，限制了其擴(kuò)展性。</p><p>　　（6）缺乏系統(tǒng)性和具有前瞻性的結(jié)構(gòu)框架。</p><p>　　2.3Intranet的應(yīng)用優(yōu)勢(shì)</p><p>　　Intranet的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)在于客戶端軟件簡(jiǎn)單而統(tǒng)一，都是通過瀏覽器來查看信息。這是一種優(yōu)于客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器（C/S）結(jié)構(gòu)的瀏覽

35、器/服務(wù)器（B/S）結(jié)構(gòu)，它把傳統(tǒng)的C/S模式中的Server分解成一個(gè)Web服務(wù)器和一個(gè)或多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器，所有的開發(fā)與維護(hù)都在Server端進(jìn)行，這將便于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的管理。與現(xiàn)有企業(yè)網(wǎng)相比，Intranet易于設(shè)計(jì)、使用和管理，且其特色的三層體系結(jié)構(gòu)之C/S的二層體系結(jié)構(gòu)，可伸縮性明顯提高。</p><p>　　Intranet技術(shù)成功地彌補(bǔ)了以往管理信息系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用中存在的問題，利用Intranet技術(shù)，可以為企業(yè)管

36、理信息系統(tǒng)構(gòu)造一個(gè)開放的信息資源管理平臺(tái)，并將其圖、文、聲并茂，使用方便，訪問信息快捷的新面貌徹底改變傳統(tǒng)的MIS。</p><p>　　2.5基于B/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　從整個(gè)軟件系統(tǒng)的角度看，可以把基于B/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)劃分為四個(gè)平臺(tái)，即：網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用支撐平臺(tái)、信息資源管理平臺(tái)、消息傳遞與工作流管理平臺(tái)、事務(wù)處理平臺(tái)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用支撐平臺(tái)包括操作系統(tǒng)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議、

37、Web服務(wù)器、DBMS等；信息資源管理平臺(tái)包括實(shí)現(xiàn)各種信息資源管理的應(yīng)用程序、Web瀏覽器等；消息傳遞與工作流管理平臺(tái)包括消息傳遞服務(wù)器、工作流管理應(yīng)用程序等；事務(wù)處理平臺(tái)包括實(shí)現(xiàn)各種事務(wù)處理的應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　　從功能模塊的角度著手，該系統(tǒng)主要由六大模塊組成：</p><p>　　（1）瀏覽器模塊：從服務(wù)器下載應(yīng)用程序，并在客戶機(jī)上解釋執(zhí)行應(yīng)用程序。</p>&

38、lt;p>　?。?）HTTP/Web服務(wù)器模塊：為瀏覽器提供服務(wù)，處理瀏覽器的請(qǐng)求，調(diào)用服務(wù)器端的應(yīng)用程序或發(fā)送應(yīng)用程序。</p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)用程序模塊：所有的應(yīng)用程序全部放在服務(wù)器上，其中Web頁面和Java Applet被下載到客戶端執(zhí)行，CGI程序及Web服務(wù)器擴(kuò)展程序則在服務(wù)器端執(zhí)行。</p><p>　?。?）DBMS模塊：為該系統(tǒng)提供數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)，在服務(wù)器桑運(yùn)行，

39、它可以和HTTP服務(wù)器在同一主機(jī)上，也可以在不同的主機(jī)上。</p><p>　　（5）數(shù)據(jù)庫：存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，供DBMS使用。</p><p>　?。?）安全模塊：為該系統(tǒng)提供安全服務(wù)，保證整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的安全，包括應(yīng)用代理服務(wù)器等防火墻模塊及信息加密模塊。</p><p>　　基于B/S的管理信息系統(tǒng)基本上彌補(bǔ)了原有基于C/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)的不足：</p>

40、<p>　?。?）系統(tǒng)開發(fā)、維護(hù)與升級(jí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性</p><p>　?。?）提供了一致的用戶界面</p><p>　　（3）具有很強(qiáng)的開放性</p><p><b>　?。?）結(jié)構(gòu)易于擴(kuò)展</b></p><p>　　（5）具有更強(qiáng)的信息系統(tǒng)集成性</p><p>　?。?）提供靈活的信息

41、交流、信息發(fā)布服務(wù)</p><p><b>　　3.總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　基于B/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)將會(huì)是未來管理信息系統(tǒng)的趨勢(shì)，雖然基于C/S架構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)也有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)。將B/S作為考研調(diào)劑信息管理系統(tǒng)的主要架構(gòu)，能夠保證敏感數(shù)據(jù)的安全，使系統(tǒng)維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)便，布局合理，提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)效率。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)

42、</b></p><p>　　[1] 廖志英,董安邦 . 基于C/S和B/S混合結(jié)構(gòu)的管理信息系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行模式[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用 ,2002 ,38（2）</p><p>　　[2] 夏驕雄,陸菊康,施振夏 . Intranet與信息管理系統(tǒng)[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用 ,2000 ,36（3）</p><p>　　[3] 郭文勝,殷國富,范守

43、文,胡曉兵 . 基于WEB模式的管理信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)施[J ] . 電子科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) ,2001 ,30（1）</p><p>　　[4] 嚴(yán)勛,孫虎,周豐,張摩西,王玲 . 企業(yè)管理信息系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)模式研究[J ] . 微計(jì)算機(jī)信息 ,2007 ,23（33）</p><p>　　[5] 張喜生,王志勇 . 基于B/S構(gòu)架的電力燃料信息管理系統(tǒng)[J ] . 深圳職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) ,2008

44、 ,7（3）</p><p>　　[6] 楊荻 . 醫(yī)院B/S架構(gòu)信息管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用[J ] . 計(jì)算機(jī)仿真 ,2010 ,27（6）</p><p>　　Decision models for information systems management</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　In the

45、 last two decades, information systems (IS) management decision making has become more complex. Everyday,IS managers in organizations of all over the world manage billions dollars of assets and must make complex decision

46、s that involve information security, outsourcing,disaster recovery, software, hardware and vendor selection,investment strategies, timing the implementation of complex software systems (such as enterprise resource planni

47、ng(ERP)). Inadequate understanding of these decision p</p><p>　　2 Information systems decision context</p><p>　　Information systems management decision problems such as information security, out

48、sourcing, disaster recovery,software, hardware and vendor selection, investment strategies,timing the implementation of complex software systems (such as ERP) are extremely complex and can adversely impact the performanc

49、e of the firm. The complexity of these decision problems derive from organization and environmental conditions that include (a)multiple stakeholders with different goals and risk preferences (b) mul</p><p>　

50、　alternatives and must be creative and careful in their analysis, as the consequences of poor IS decision making found in the literature show (Lyttinen and Robey 1999; Yeo 2002; Ngwenyama et al. 2007).When managers face

51、complex IS problems, decision analysis frameworks and</p><p>　　methods can be extremely useful when they assist: (1)interrogating the problem domain; (2) structuring decision problems and generating alternat

52、ives; (3) analyzing alternatives and assessing their impacts; (4) determining the preferences of decision makers; (5) evaluating and comparing decision alternatives, and, analysis of implications.</p><p>　　H

53、owever, while general theories and frameworks exists for decision analysis, the complexity and diversity of IS problems necessitate research and development of frame-works and models specific to the class of decision pro

54、blems that IS managers face.</p><p>　　3 The papers</p><p>　　In this special issue we present eight papers that present a range of approaches and address a wide range of IS decision problems. In

55、general the papers can be classified into two categories, frameworks for decision analysis and decision models. One of the papers presents a conceptual framework; five of the papers present structured decision analysis f

56、rameworks, and three present decision-theoretic based models. While all the papers follow the design science paradigm of research, the decision fr</p><p>　　The Samoilenko paper (Information Systems Fitness a

57、nd Risk in IS Development: Insights and Implications from Chaos and Complex Systems Theories) outlines a framework and principles for analyzing IS fitness and risk based on chaos and complexity theory. Samoilenko approac

58、h is more in the tradition of appreciative decision making, where the focus is on ways of thinking to help the decision maker appreciate the problem situation. Aydin and Bakker (Analyzing IT Maintenance Outsourcing Decis

59、ion from </p><p>　　The three decision-theoretic papers also vary in topics</p><p>　　that they cover. Like Barclay, Plaza (Team Performance and Information System Implementation Application of th

60、e Progress Curve to the Earned Value Method in an Information System Project) is concerned with IS project performance but comes to the issue from a different perspective. Plaza is interested in predicting implementation

61、 times (and cost) for large scale IS projects and proposes a decision model based on the earned value method and the learning curve. Rao and Osei-Bryson (An Approach for </p><p>　　4 Contribution of this issu

62、e</p><p>　　This issue of ISF makes a contribution to theory and practice of IS management from the following perspectives: (1) The papers present frameworks and models that have immediate application to vari

63、ous classes of IS decision problems. (2)The papers present possibilities for further research into decision models for the problems that the authors have addressed. However, this research can evolve along different lines

64、: (a) the development of decision support systems for the addressed problems; (b) ot</p><p>　　We also wish to express our gratitude to all the reviewers who diligently reviewed the papers in order to ensure

65、that that there was appropriate quality and fit.</p><p>　　The Application Reseach of Mixed Program Structure based on Client-Server,Browser-Server and Web Service</p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION</p&

66、gt;<p>　　During the development process of computer application design and development, multiple program structure mode have turned up, such as common C/S (Client/Server) mode and B/S (Browser/Server) mode; C/Ss (

67、multilayer and multiserver Client/Server application structure) mode and B/Ss(multilayer and multi-server Brower/Server application structure), evolving from the above two modes; as well as other modes.</p><p&

68、gt;　　These application structures with different modes have respective characteristics and all of them have very broad application. For example, C/S mode enjoys a wide application in earlier enterprise management informa

69、tion system and B/S mode is extensively applied in modern E-commerce websites.</p><p>　　Along with the development of computer and network technology, application of mixed application structure mode,based on

70、 the aforesaid modes and Web Service, has developed quickly. Typical instances are Tencent QQ message service and Thunder consultation service as well as others. This text discusses realization principle and characterist

71、ics of C_B/S mixed application system structure mode and analyzes application and realization of C_B/S mode with examples.</p><p>　　II. REALIZATION PRINCIPLE OF C_B/S STRUCTURE MODE</p><p>　　C_B

72、/S mode is a mixed application structure mode.Viewing from program appearance, application program of C_B/S mode has the program interface of common customized client. However, different from common C/S mode programs,par

73、tial functions of C_B/S mode application program are realized by B/S mode or integrated Web Service, which indicates that C_B/S mode is a new program structure realized through C/S, B/S and Web Service.</p><p&

74、gt;　　Realization methods of C_B/S mode application are mainly two types.</p><p>　　A. Webpage integrated type</p><p>　　Webpage integrated type indicates that client of C_B/S program realizes part

75、ial functions through acquiring customized webpage directly from corresponding website during execution. The process is shown in Figure 1.</p><p>　　C_B/S mode program realized by webpage integrated type gene

76、rally integrates one or several browser component (s) in client program. The mode visiting website and acquiring data through integrated browser components is similar as directly visiting website through common browser (

77、such as IE). The difference is that client of C_B/S program is customized which could thereby integrate more specific functions.</p><p>　　B. Web Service integrated type </p><p>　　Compared with w

78、ebpage integrated type, Web Service integrated type could have no browser components within application client and data required by partial program functions are realized interactively with specific Web Service.Web Servi

79、ce provides information to outside in XML format and client program could send specific parameters to Web Service to acquire data qualified for designated conditions.Realization process of this method is shown in Figure

80、2.</p><p>　　Figure 1. Webpage integrated C_B/S mode</p><p>　　Figure 2. Web Service integrated C_B/S mode</p><p>　　III. CHARACTERISTICS OF C_B/S MODE</p><p>　　Owing to i

81、ntegration of structures of the three modes: C/S,B/S and Web Service, application program of C_B/S mode has characteristics partly of the above three modes which are represented specifically in following aspects.</p&g

82、t;<p>　　High security </p><p>　　Comparatively speaking, application program of C/S mode</p><p>　　deploys client program independently and thereby limits user within specific range, which

83、prevents usage from illegal users to some extent and has comparative high security. Many enterprise application programs in early stage, such as ERP,adopt this mode partly because of this characteristic of C_B/S mode app

84、lication program. C_B/S mode application program is based on client program of C_B/S mod and thereby inherit this advantage of C/S mode.</p><p>　　B. Higher preprocessing performance on client </p><

85、;p>　　This is also the advantage that C/S mode inherits from C_B/S mode. C_B/S programs on client are able to accomplish certain data preprocessing functions, thereby reducing load pressure on server and enhancing enti

86、re performance of application system.</p><p>　　C. Easy for deployment </p><p>　　Compared with C/S mode, B/S and Web Service has the advantage of convenient deployment of application program.Owin

87、g to requirement only on client computer to install universal network browser program (such as IE, FireFox and others) and customized client program is not necessary, all application functions could be realized on the se

88、rver. Therefore,at the time of deployment and upgrade, there’s only the demand to deploy and upgrade the server, which is more convenient for deployment. C_B/S mode c</p><p>　　D. Flexible application interfa

89、ce style</p><p>　　Compared with client program interface, webpage modeled application interface has more flexible style, stronger expressive force, which is more favorable for designers to give full play to

90、their advantages. Therefore, C_B/S mode application program of integrated B/S mode could realize more flexible and diversified interface styles.</p><p>　　C_B/S mode application, however, has many shortages.

91、In addition to certain problems inherited correspondingly from C/S mode upon deployment and upgrade, main problem is that C_B/S mode program is difficult to solve data integration problem between client programs and brow

92、ser components.Because common data in client programs are stored and deployed generally in the form of variable while cross-page data within browser components are generally stored in Session,these two kinds of data are

93、hard to</p><p>　　IV. C_B/S MODE ASSIGNMENT</p><p>　　C_B/S mode integrates program structures of three modes:B/S, c/S and Web Service, which provides great convenience for different functional mo

94、dules to choose optimum program structures. However, program structures of B/S, C/S and Web Service themselves have shortages so reasonable assignments specific to different modes have become overriding task concerning p

95、lanning and development of C_B/S mode application program.</p><p>　　A. Functional module with high security requirement is advised to adopt C/S mode </p><p>　　The reason is that, compared with B

96、/S and Web Service,C/S mode can acquire certain security through control of client program deployment object; whereas B/S and Web Service regard wider public users as objects and has comparatively weaker limitation on us

97、er scope.</p><p>　　Functional module with high data preprocessing requirement is advised </p><p>　　to adopt C/S mode</p><p>　　The reason is that C/S mode itself has”fat client” prop

98、erty, namely, it can give more data preprocessing functions to client programs, thereby enhancing data processing performance; whereas B/S and Web Service mainly depend on server to process data and on occasion with many

99、 concurrent access users server will become bottleneck of program</p><p>　　performance.</p><p>　　Functional modules with comparative low requirement specific to public</p><p>　　secu

100、rity are advised to adopt B/S and Web Service modes</p><p>　　If there’s no need to execute editing and deleting operation on data and there’s only requirement on modules presented by data, B/S module is the

101、best choice. Because B/S mode could present data with more flexible and diversified styles, enhance users’ using experience and acquire more added values through comprehensive usage of multiple methods such as pictures,d

102、iagrams and so on. Yet Web Service is better for realizing application service of common data with public as objects.</p><p>　　Reasonably applying different structure modes could give full play for advantage

103、s of modes with multiple program structures and terminally constitute an application system with higher level than mode with single structure.</p><p>　　V. EXAMPLES</p><p>　　KWorldMgt is an appli

104、cation program designated for copsand-gangsters game and the program structure adopts C_B/S structure mode as showed in Figure 3.</p><p>　　Viewing from Figure 3, partial management functions in KWorldMgt app

105、lication program adopt traditional C/S mode structure, which can fully make use of characteristics of C/S system client such as high security and strong data preprocessing capacity. Other partial query modules directly i