城市污水處理廠設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p>　　畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì) 開 題 報(bào) 告</p><p>　　題目：120000m3/d城市污水處理廠設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　完成期限： 2014年2月1日至 2014年6月1日</p><p>　　學(xué)院名稱 環(huán)境工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級 環(huán)境11002 </p><p><b>　　一、課題</b><

2、;/p><p>　　本次設(shè)計(jì)的課題為日處理污水量為120000m3/d城市污水處理廠的設(shè)計(jì)。處理城鎮(zhèn)污水水質(zhì)為：CODCr：300mg/L ，BOD5 ：140mg/L ， SS：200mg/L ， NH4+-N：25mg/L，TP ：4mg/L.</p><p>　　要求達(dá)到的出水水質(zhì)：CODCr 60mg/L，BOD5 20mg/L</p><p>　　SS 20m

3、g/L，NH4+-N 15mg/L，TP 0.5mg/L。</p><p>　　國內(nèi)外的城市污水處理水平</p><p>　　1．關(guān)于活性污泥法 </p><p>　　當(dāng)前流行的污水處理工藝有：AB法、SBR法、氧化溝法、普通曝氣法、A/A/O法、A/O 法等，這幾種工藝都是從活性污泥法派生出來的，且各有其特點(diǎn)。  &#

4、160;   </p><p>　　① AB法(Adsorption—Biooxidation) 該法由德國Bohuke教授首先開發(fā)。該工藝對曝氣池按高、低負(fù)荷分二級供氧，A級負(fù)荷高，曝氣時(shí)間短，產(chǎn)生污泥量大，污泥負(fù)荷2.5kgBOD/(kgMLSS·d)以上，池容積負(fù)荷6kgBOD/(m3·d)以上；B級負(fù)荷低，污泥齡較長。A級與B級間設(shè)中

5、間沉淀池。二級池子F/M(污染物量與微生物量之比)不同，形成不同的微生物群體。AB法盡管有節(jié)能的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但不適合低濃度水質(zhì)，A級和B級亦可分期建設(shè)。</p><p>　?、?#160;SBR法(Sequencing Batch Reactor) SBR法早在20世紀(jì)初已開發(fā)，由于人工管理繁瑣未予推廣。此法集進(jìn)水、曝氣、沉淀、出水在一座池子中完成，常由四個或三個池子構(gòu)成一組，輪流運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，

6、一池一池地間歇運(yùn)行，故稱序批式活性污泥法?，F(xiàn)在又開發(fā)出一些連續(xù)進(jìn)水連續(xù)出水的改良性SBR工藝，如ICEAS法、CASS法、IDEA法等。這種一體化工藝的特點(diǎn)是工藝簡單，由于只有一個反應(yīng)池，不需二沉池、回流污泥及設(shè)備，一般情況下不設(shè)調(diào)節(jié)池，多數(shù)情況下可省去初沉池，故節(jié)省占地和投資，耐沖擊負(fù)荷且運(yùn)行方式靈活，可以從時(shí)間上安排曝氣、缺氧和厭氧的不同狀態(tài)，實(shí)現(xiàn)除磷脫氮的目的。但因每個池子都需要設(shè)曝氣和輸配水系統(tǒng)，采用潷水器及控制系統(tǒng)，間歇排水水

7、頭損失大，池容的利用率不理想，因此，一般來說并不太適用于大規(guī)模的城市污水處理廠 。 </p><p>　?、?#160;A/A/O法(Anaerobic—Anoxic—Oxic) 由于對城市污水處理的出水有去除氮和磷的要求，故國內(nèi)10年前開發(fā)此厭氧—缺氧—好氧組成的工藝。利用生物處理法脫氮除磷，可獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)出水，是一種深度二級處理工藝。A/A/O法的可同步除磷脫氮機(jī)制由兩部分組成：一

8、是除磷，污水中的磷在厭氧狀態(tài)下(DO<0.3mg/L)，釋放出聚磷菌，在好氧狀況下又將其更多吸收，以剩余污泥的形式排出系統(tǒng)。二是脫氮，缺氧段要控制DO<0.7 mg/L，由于兼氧脫氮菌的作用，利用水中BOD作為氫供給體(有機(jī)碳源)，將來自好氧池混合液中的硝酸鹽及亞硝酸鹽還原成氮?dú)庖萑氪髿猓_(dá)到脫氮的目的。為有效脫氮除磷，對一般的城市污水，COD/TKN為3.5～7.0(完全脫氮COD/TKN>12.5)，BO

9、D/TKN為1.5～3.5，COD/TP為30～60，BOD/TP為16～40(一般應(yīng)＞20)。若降低污泥濃度、壓縮污泥齡、控制硝化，以去除磷、BOD5和COD為主，則可用A/O 工藝。 有的城市污水處理的出水不排入湖泊，利用大水體深水排放或灌溉農(nóng)田，可將脫氮除 磷放在下一步改擴(kuò)建時(shí)考慮，以節(jié)省近期投資。</p><p>　　④ 普通曝氣法及其變法。本工藝出現(xiàn)最早，有較強(qiáng)的

10、生命力。普曝法處理效果好經(jīng)驗(yàn)多可適應(yīng)大的污水量，對于大廠可集中建污泥消化池，所產(chǎn)生沼氣可作能源利用。傳統(tǒng)普曝法的不足之處是只能作為常規(guī)二級處理，不具備脫氮除磷功能。近幾年在工程實(shí)踐中，通過降低普通曝氣池容積負(fù)荷，可以達(dá)到脫氮的目的；在普曝池前設(shè)置厭氧區(qū)，可以除磷，亦可用化學(xué)法除磷。采用普通曝氣法去除BOD5，在池型上有多種形式，工程上稱為普通曝氣法的變法亦可統(tǒng)稱為普通曝氣法。     &

11、lt;/p><p>　?、?#160;氧化溝法 本工藝50年代初期發(fā)展形成，因其構(gòu)造簡單，易于管理，很快得到推廣，且不斷創(chuàng)新，有發(fā)展前景和競爭力，當(dāng)前可謂熱門工藝。氧化溝在應(yīng)用中發(fā)展為多種形式，比較有代表性的有：帕式(Passveer)簡稱單溝式，表面曝氣采用轉(zhuǎn)刷曝氣，水深一般在2.5～3.5m，轉(zhuǎn)刷動力效率1.6～1.8kgO2/(kW·h)。奧式(Orbal)簡稱同心圓式，應(yīng)用上多為橢圓形的

12、三環(huán)道組成，三個環(huán)道用不同的DO(如外環(huán)為0，中環(huán)為1，內(nèi)環(huán)為2)，有利于脫氮除磷。采用轉(zhuǎn)碟曝氣，水深一般在4.0～4.5m，動力效率與轉(zhuǎn)刷接近，現(xiàn)已在山東濰坊、北京黃村和合肥王小郢的城市污水處理廠應(yīng)用。若能將氧化溝進(jìn)水設(shè)計(jì)成多種方式，能有效地抵抗暴雨流量的沖擊，對一些合流制排水系統(tǒng)的城市污水處理尤為適用?？ㄊ?Carrousel)簡稱循環(huán)折流式，采用倒傘形葉輪曝氣，從工藝運(yùn)行來看，水深一般在3.0m左右，但污泥易于沉積，其原因是供氧與

13、流速有矛盾。三溝式氧化溝(T型氧化溝)，此種型式由三池組成，中間作曝氣池，左右兩池兼作沉淀池和曝氣池。T型氧化溝構(gòu)造簡單，處理效果不錯，但其采用轉(zhuǎn)刷曝氣，水深淺，占地面積大，復(fù)雜的控制儀表增加了</p><p>　　關(guān)于曝氣生物濾池  曝氣生物濾池實(shí)質(zhì)上是常說的生物接觸氧化池，相當(dāng)于在曝氣池中添加供微生物棲附的填(濾)料，在填料下鼓氣，是具有活性污泥特點(diǎn)的生物膜法。曝氣生物濾池(BAF)70年

14、代末起源于歐洲大陸，已發(fā)展為法、英等國設(shè)備制造公司的技術(shù)和設(shè)備產(chǎn)品。由于選用的填料不同，以及是否有脫氮要求，設(shè)計(jì)的工藝參數(shù)是不同的，如要求處理出水BOD5、SS＜20mg/L，去除BOD5達(dá)90%以上的工藝，其容積負(fù)荷為0.7～3.0 kgBOD5/(m3·d)，水力停留時(shí)間1～2h；以硝化(90%以上)為主的工藝，其容積負(fù)荷為0.5～2.0kgBOD5/(m3·d)，水力停留時(shí)間2～3h。一般認(rèn)為，生物膜

15、法處理城市污水，在國內(nèi)尚需積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)，處理規(guī)模不宜過大，約5× 104m3/d左右為宜。國外(主要在歐洲)處理水量有達(dá)到36×104m3/d的，這與其填料材質(zhì)、自控手段和先進(jìn)的反沖洗裝置有關(guān)，也與其有長期積累的運(yùn)行 管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)有關(guān)。</p><p>　　3. 生物處理法的新進(jìn)展 </p><p>　　生物處理法是目前研究得較多、新技術(shù)

16、層出不窮的方法， 無論是好氧生物處理技術(shù)，還是厭氧生物處理技術(shù)都引起了研究人員的極大興趣。因?yàn)橛蒙锓ɡ玫氖俏⑸锏男玛惔x作用， 以污染物質(zhì)為食料，將其代謝成諸如CO2、H2O、NH3、SO2等穩(wěn)定的小分子， 它的二次污染小，對處理生活污水及與之性質(zhì)相近的有機(jī)污水有其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。生物處理法自從問世以來，其技術(shù)已獲得了極大的發(fā)展，隨著人們生活水平的日益提高， 生活污水中的成也日益復(fù)雜， 

17、;因此用生物處理方法的目的也從以前能處理降解蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、碳水化合物等一類物質(zhì)增加到也能處理合成洗滌劑、脫氮、脫磷及其它一些難降解的復(fù)雜有機(jī)物。這也就必然要求人們改革工藝，過去由于厭氧生物處理的效率不盡人意，處理時(shí)間也較慢，所以未引起人們的重視，僅僅用來處理污泥或高濃度有機(jī)污水的預(yù)處理，但現(xiàn)在由于能源緊張，厭氧生物處理由于能產(chǎn)生能源物質(zhì)—甲烷而越來越引起人們的青睞，由此也出現(xiàn)了許多新的工藝。 </p><p

18、>　　(1) 活性污泥法的新發(fā)展 </p><p>　　到目前為止，對活性污泥法在運(yùn)行方式上還沒有大的突破，往往所作的是一些局部的改進(jìn)，但在曝氣方式上確取得了較大的成果，如純氧曝氣、深井曝氣、射流曝氣，采用微氣泡擴(kuò)散器等，這些都增大了氧轉(zhuǎn)移率、提高了氧的利用率使曝氣池中氧的濃度增加。活性污泥法的另一個發(fā)展趨勢就是朝多功能方向發(fā)展，采用的方法有：培養(yǎng)馴化專用細(xì)菌，使活性污泥處理對象不局限于

19、生活污水，還可以處理如酚一類難降解的有毒有機(jī)物，甚至馴化可以處理象氰一類有劇毒的無機(jī)物；把活性污泥與其它處理方法結(jié)合起來，如活性炭—活性污泥法，它實(shí)際上是一種以活性污泥法形式的活性炭吸附、生物氧化法的綜合處理法；固定活性污泥法是提供微生物附著的表面，如合成纖維、塑料、細(xì)沙、粘土焦炭等，使曝氣池同時(shí)存在附著相和懸浮相的生物；這些都提高了活性污泥的凈化效率，提高了抗有毒物質(zhì)等沖擊負(fù)荷的能力，還具有脫色、脫氮、削減泡沫的效果，國外已用于合成纖

20、維、化工印染、煉油、煉焦等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的污水處理；活性污泥法與厭氧工藝結(jié)合來脫氮、脫磷等，最典型的工藝是A-O(anaerobic-oxic) 流程。活性污泥法還可和化學(xué)法結(jié)合，提高凈化多氯聯(lián)苯、有機(jī)磷的去除效果。 </p><p>　　(2) 生物膜處理法的新進(jìn)展 生物膜法最早出現(xiàn)的工藝是1893年在英國出現(xiàn)的將污水噴撒在粗濾料上而得以凈化的普通生物濾池，它是最早出現(xiàn)而至今仍

21、在不斷改進(jìn)和發(fā)展的人工生物處理設(shè)備。在它的基礎(chǔ)上，出現(xiàn)了高負(fù)荷生物濾池、塔式生物濾池、生物轉(zhuǎn)盤和生物接觸氧化等。近二三十年來，又出現(xiàn)了一些新型的生物膜法處理技術(shù)，如生物流化床，它是以砂、焦炭、活性炭等顆粒材料作為載體，其載體表面附著生長著生物膜，充氧后的污水以一定流速自下而上流動使載處于流化狀態(tài)，載體上的生物膜可以充分地和污水接觸，使凈化效率提高，它的工藝有空氣流床、純氧流動床、三相流化床和厭氧兼型流化床工藝等。活性生物濾池是將生物濾池

22、、曝氣池及二沉池結(jié)合為一體的新型污水處理工藝，它的特點(diǎn)是將生物濾池的部分出水回流匯同二沉池的回流污泥一起進(jìn)入生物濾池，用活性生物濾池處理生活污水和食品加工廢水的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：該系統(tǒng)具有處理效果好、效率高、BOD 容積負(fù)荷大、不發(fā)生污泥膨脹和耐沖擊負(fù)荷等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。另外還有空氣驅(qū)動的生物轉(zhuǎn)盤、生物轉(zhuǎn)盤和曝氣池相結(jié)合、藻類轉(zhuǎn)盤等。由于生物膜法的生態(tài)環(huán)境與活性污泥法的不同，生物膜法生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中可以生長藻類、后生動物等，甚至可以生</p

23、><p>　　(3) 厭氧生物處理法的新發(fā)展 </p><p>　　厭氧生物處理法也有一百多年的歷史，它是利用厭氧微生物在無氧的條件下對有機(jī)物進(jìn)行分解的技術(shù)。由于處理效率低、速度慢、且甲烷菌對環(huán)境要求嚴(yán)格不易控制等缺點(diǎn)，厭氧生物處理法長期以來一般僅用于污泥處理，它的主要工藝是化糞池、消化池等。但是由于近年來能源危機(jī)及環(huán)境污染加重，厭氧生物處理由于其產(chǎn)物具有能源物質(zhì)而得到人們

24、的重視，一大批新的厭氧生物處理法技術(shù)相繼誕生，為了提高厭氧微生物的濃度，有使厭氧微生物附著在載體表面的厭氧生物膜處理方法如厭氧生物濾池、厭氧轉(zhuǎn)盤、厭氧膨脹床、厭氧接觸氧化、厭氧檔板反應(yīng)器、厭氧流化床法，以及象上流式厭氧污泥床反應(yīng)器(UASB) 依靠微生物之間凝聚造粒而形成的自己固定法方法。還有人為地固定微生物包埋固定化法， 它是人為地把增殖速度緩慢的厭氧微生物高濃度地保持在處理系統(tǒng)中，提高處理速度、縮小處理設(shè)備并可用

25、于處理低濃度的有機(jī)污水。如日本本田等人1988 年采用包埋固定厭氧微生物處理TOC 為150mgöL 的人工配水，TOC 的去除率可達(dá)95% 以上。在厭氧處理中，甲烷的增殖速度慢成為產(chǎn)氣的決定步驟，因此為了保持甲烷發(fā)酵中高濃度的微生物， 出現(xiàn)了利用膜的固液分離法，如柏分等</p><p>　　4．活性污泥工藝的發(fā)展趨勢 </p&

26、gt;<p>　　通過幾十年的研究與實(shí)踐，活性污泥工藝已經(jīng)成為一種比較完善的工藝。在池形、運(yùn)行方式、曝氣方式、載體等方面已經(jīng)很難有較大的發(fā)展。用常規(guī)手段也已經(jīng)很難在生物學(xué)方面有所突破。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為該工藝未來兩個大方向是膜分離技術(shù)和分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。     </p><p>　　(1) 膜分離技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 </p>

27、<p>　　用膜分離代替沉淀進(jìn)行泥水分離，可帶來活性污泥工藝的以下變化：①不再存在污泥膨脹問題。在調(diào)控活性污泥系統(tǒng)時(shí)，不必再考慮污泥的沉降性能問題，從而使工藝控制大大簡化；②曝氣池的污泥濃度將大大提高(ＭＬＳＳ可以大于20000ｍｇ/Ｌ)從而使系統(tǒng)可在超大泥齡、超低負(fù)荷狀態(tài)下運(yùn)行，充分滿足去除各種污染物質(zhì)的需要；③在同樣的處理要求下，可使曝氣池容積大大減小，節(jié)省處理廠的占地面積；④污泥濃度的提高，將要求較高的曝氣速率，因而純氧

28、曝氣將隨著膜分離而被大量采用。雖然膜分離目前還存在易堵塞等方面的問題，但這些問題正逐步得到解決。</p><p>　　(2) 分子生物技術(shù)的應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　目前分子生物技術(shù)已開始應(yīng)用于污水處理領(lǐng)域。為搞清聚磷菌除磷的生化機(jī)理，已開始用分子診斷技術(shù)獲取聚磷菌的遺傳信息。現(xiàn)在從活性污泥中已發(fā)現(xiàn)的30多種絲狀菌中，只有4種準(zhǔn)確命名及生物分類學(xué)定位，因?yàn)檫@些絲狀菌大

29、部分無法進(jìn)行分離純培養(yǎng)。目前正用分子診斷技術(shù)進(jìn)行這些絲狀菌的生物學(xué)定位，以進(jìn)一步準(zhǔn)確了解其特性。分子診斷技術(shù)的大量應(yīng)用，活性污泥微生物基因庫的建立，在此基礎(chǔ)上用基因技術(shù)培育具有高效活性的污泥菌種，進(jìn)一步提高處理效果，是未來發(fā)展的方向。</p><p>　　三、本次設(shè)計(jì)工藝流程的選擇及分析</p><p>　　本項(xiàng)目污水處理的特點(diǎn)：（1）本次設(shè)計(jì)主要處理城鎮(zhèn)生活污水，污水以有機(jī)污染物為主，B

30、OD/COD=0.5 可生化性好；（2）重金屬及其他難以生物降解的有毒有害污染物一般不超標(biāo)；（3）污水中主要污染物指標(biāo)BOD、COD、SS都值都比較低。針對以上特點(diǎn)，以及出水要求，現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)污水處理技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)，以采用生化處理最為經(jīng)濟(jì)。由于氮磷超標(biāo)，處理工藝尚用硝化除磷。污水處理廠既要求有效地去除BOD5，有要求對污水中的氮、磷進(jìn)行適當(dāng)處理，防止神仙溝的富營養(yǎng)化，以及該工程的造價(jià)與運(yùn)行費(fèi)用，當(dāng)?shù)氐淖匀粭l件（包括地形、氣候、水資源），污水水

31、量及其變化動態(tài)，運(yùn)行管理與施工，并參考典型的工藝流程和各種生物處理法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及使用條件。本課題選擇典型的工藝流程，有兩種可供選擇的工藝：1）普通A/A/O法處理工藝。2）厭氧池+氧化溝處理工藝。兩種工藝經(jīng)過比較，本項(xiàng)目污水處理的特點(diǎn)為：</p><p>　　污水以有機(jī)污染為主，BOD/COD =0.5 〉0.3，可生化性比較好，重金屬及其他的難以生物降解的有毒有害污染物一般不超標(biāo)；</p><

32、p>　　污水中主要污染物指標(biāo)BOD、COD、SS值為典型城市污水值。此</p><p>　　外考慮到NH4+-N出水濃度排放要求比較高，因此需要采用能夠同時(shí)脫氮除磷且效果較好的工藝；</p><p>　　三、本課題污水處理量大，在達(dá)到污水處理要求的前提下，應(yīng)著重考慮工程占地面積和污水處理費(fèi)用的節(jié)省。</p><p>　　針對以上特點(diǎn)，以及出水要求，以采用生化處

33、理最為經(jīng)濟(jì)。根據(jù)國內(nèi)外已運(yùn)行的中、小型污水處理廠的調(diào)查，要達(dá)到確定的治理目標(biāo)，可采用“A2/O活性污泥法”。</p><p>　　原污水→粗格柵→污水提升泵房→細(xì)格柵→沉砂池→厭氧池→缺氧池 好氧池→二沉池→接觸池→排放 </p><p><b>　　英文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Oxidize the ditch craft

34、in dirty water handle of application and development </p><p>　　CaiZhi一jun</p><p>　　(Foshan City Shunde District Environmental EngineeringBranch Foshan Guangdong 528000)</p><p>　　【Ab

35、stract】Setanaerobic, naoxic section Carrous oxidation ditch with biologicla nitrogen and phosphoru sremoval capabilitie, is curren dythe mainstream of city life process of sewage treatment, This article descirbes the str

36、ucture of Carrousel oxidation ditch, porcess and design problems during the oper-ation and the corresponding solutions．</p><p>　　【Keywords】Carrousel；Oxidationditch；Phosphorusnadnitrogenremoval；Structure；Mech

37、anism</p><p>　　1. Foreword </p><p>　　Oxidize the ditch( oxidation ditch) again a continuous circulation spirit pond( Continuous loop reactor), is a live and dirty mire method a kind of to transf

38、orm.Oxidizing the dirty water in ditch handles the craft be researched to manufacture by the hygiene engineering graduateschool of Holland in the 50'sof20centuriessuccess.Since in </p><p>　　1954 at Dutch

39、 throw in the usage for the velY first nme.secause its a water fluid matter good, circulate the stability and manage convenience etc. technique characteristics, already at domestic and international and extensive applica

40、tion in live the dirty water to is dirty to manage aquecustv with the industlYli). </p><p>　　Current application than oxidize extensively the ditch type include:The ( Pasveer) oxidizes the ditch, the (Carrou

41、sel) oxidizes the ditch, ( Orbal) oxidizes the ditch, the type of T oxidizes the ditch( three ditch types oxidize the ditch), the type of DE oxidizes the ditch to turn to oxidize the ditch with the Integral whore.these o

42、xidize the ditch because of the difference of esse in construction with circulating, therefore each characteristics[2].This text will introduce construction, mechanis</p><p>　　2. The Carrousel oxidizes the c

43、onstruction of the ditch </p><p>　　The Carrousel Oxidize the ditch to be researched to manufacture by Dutch DHV company development in 1967.0xidize the last the companyofDHVinfou ndationoftheditchin theorigi

44、nal Carrousel to permited specially the company EIMCO to invent again with its patent in the United States Carrousel 2000 system realizes the living creature of the higher request takes off the nitrogen with dividedbythe

45、functionof.Therehasbeen in the world up to now more than 850 Carrousels oxidize the ditch with the Carrousel</p><p>　　From diagram therefore, the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch the usage the spirit of that def

46、inite direction control with shake up the device, face to mix with the liquid deliver the level speed, from but make drive the liquid of admixture that shake up is in oxidize ditch shut match outlet circulate nowrnereror

47、e oxidize the ditch have the special hydraulics flows the ,current complete mix with the characteristics of the type reactor, have the characteristics that push the flow type reactor again, t</p><p>　　3. The

48、 Carrousel oxidizes the mechanism of the ditch </p><p>　　3.1 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch handles dirty and aqueous principle </p><p>　　The at the beginning common Carrousel oxidizes the dir

49、ty water In inside In craft of the ditch direct with dirty mire In reflux together enteroxidize theditch system.The surface spiritmachinemakesfuse In the liquid of admixture the density of the oxygen DO increases about 2

50、 the 3 mgsl t.uncer this kind of well the term of the oxygen, the microorganism gets the enough deliquescence oxygen comes and go to divided by the BOD;At the same time, the ammonia were too oxidized nitrate with second

51、nitrat</p><p>　　3.2 The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch divideds by the phosphorus takes off the nitrogenous influence factor. </p><p>　　Affecting the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch divideds by the p

52、hosphoric factor is dirty mire, nitrate density and quality densities primarily.The research expresses, being total and dirty mire as 11% that a hour biggest phosphorus 4% with deal is its fuck dirty mire deal within liv

53、e and dirty mire, keep for the the germ physical endowment measures, but when dirty mire over 15 d hour dirty mire the Inside is biggesttocontain theobviousdescentindealIn phosphorus,canning not reach the biggest divided

54、</p><p>　　4. The Carrousel oxidizes problem and solution methods of the ditch esse. </p><p>　　Though the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch has a water fluid matter good, the anti-pounds at the burthe

55、n ability strong, divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogen efficiency. But, in physically of movement process, still exstts a series of problem. </p><p>　　4.1 Dirty mire inflation problem </p>

56、<p>　　When discard the aquatic carbohydrate more, the N, P contains the unbalance of deal, the pH value is low, oxidizing the dirty mire in inside in ditch carries high, fuse the oxygen density the shortage, line up

57、 the mire not etc. causes easily dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflatlon;Not the dirty mire in germ in form in silk inflation takes place primarily at the waste water water temperature is lower but the dirty mire ca

58、rries higher hour.The microbial burthen is high, the germs absorbed the</p><p>　　Cause that aim at the dirty mire inflation, can adopt the different counterplan:From the anoxia, water temperature high result

59、 in of, can enlargement tolerance or lower into the water measures to alleviate burthen, or the adequacy lowers the MLSS( control dirty mire reflux measure), making need the oxygen measures decrease.It the dirty mirecarr

60、ieshigh, can increaseMLSS, toadjusttheburthen, necessity </p><p>　　4.2 Foam problem </p><p>　　Becauseentering totakethe greaseoflarge quantityinthewater, handling system can't completely and

61、 availably its obviation, parts of greases enriches to gather in in the dirty mire, through turn to brush the oxygen agitation, creation large quantity foam;The mire is partial to long, the dirty mire is aging, and also

62、easy creation toam.Sprav topourthewaterordivided bywiththesurfacetheof do away with the foam, in common use divided by the an organism oil, kerosene, the oil of stncon, throw deal as 0</p><p>　　with the foam

63、 easily and in advance method or other methods do away with.Also can consider to increase to establish a set of dlvideding by the oil device moreover.But enhance most importantly the headwaters manage, reducing to contai

64、n the oil over the high waste water and other poisonous waste water of into[llJ. </p><p>　　4.3 Float the problem on the dirty mire </p><p>　　When contain in the waste water the oil measures big,

65、 whole system mire quality become light, can't like to control very much in operate process its at two sink the pond stop over time, resulting in the anoxia easily, producing the corrupt and dirty mire ascend to floa

66、t;When spirit time over long, take place in pond the high degree nitric turn the function, making nitrate density high, at two sink the versa nitric in easy occurrence in pond turn the function, creation nitrogen spirit,

67、 make dirty</p><p>　　Take place thedirtymire ascendafterfloating should pauseenter water, broke off or dirty mire in clearance, judge the clear reason, adjust the operation.The dirty mire sinks to decline th

68、e sex bad, can throw to add of oagulate or sloth materials, the improvement precipitates the sex;Suchas enterthe watercarries big let upintothe water measures or the enlargement reflux measures.Sucn as the dirty mire gra

69、in small lower the spirit machine turn soon.If discovers versanitricturning,shouldletup thetol</p><p>　　4.4 Current velocity is not all and the dirty mire sinks to accumulate the problem </p><p>

70、;　　In Carrousel oxidize ditch, for acquiring its special admixture with handles result, mix with liquid must with certain current velocity is in ditch circulate flow.Think generally, the lowest current velocity should sh

71、ould attain for an average current velocity for, doing not take place sinking acccmutetmq 0.3~0.5 msl s.The spirit equipments that oxidize the ditch is general to turn to brush for the spirit of to turn the dish with the

72、 spirit of , turning to brush of immerse to have no depth for 2</p><p>　　Moreover, pass in the spirit on board swim to establish the underwater push machine can also turn to the spirit of the liquid of admix

73、ture that brush the bottom low speed area circulates to flow to rise positive push function, from but the solution oxidizes the problem that low and dirty mire in current velocity in bottom in ditch sink accumulates,Esta

74、blish the underwater push machine useds for exclusivelythe push mixs withtheliquidcan make movementmethod that oxidize the ditch much more vivid, </p><p>　　5. The Carrousel oxidizes the development of the di

75、tch </p><p>　　Because the dirty water handles standard inside to divided by the phosphorus take off the nitrogenous request more and more strict, the development that Carrousel further oxidized the ditch to

76、also get.Current, the research and application includes morely below two category type:Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 systems, Carrousel 3000 system. </p><p>　　5.1 TIny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000

77、system </p><p>　　Tiny bore spirit type Carrousel 2000 tiny bore in adoption in system spirit( provide oxygen equipments as the drum breeze machine), the tiny bore spirit machine can produce the diameter of l

78、arge quantity as a surface for or so and small spirit steeping, this consumedly increases spirit bubble accumulates, undering the certain circumstance in capacity in pond make the oxygen transfer the gross measures aggra

79、ndizement.( if deep increment in pond, its spread the quality efficiency will be higher)Pr</p><p>　　5.2 Carrousel 3000 system </p><p>　　Carrousel 3000 systems are in the Carrousel 2000 systems a

80、re ex-to plus a living creature the choice the area.That living creature choice area is a craft to make use of high organism carries to sieve germ grow, repress silk form germ increase, increase each pollutant do away wi

81、th the rate, afterward principle together Carrousel 2000 syste m. </p><p>　　Carrousel 3000 system of bigger increases to express at:An is to increased the pond deep, can amount to 7.5"'8 ms, united

82、at heart circle type, the pond wall uses totally, reducing to cover the area, lowering to build the price to increases to bear the low temperature ability at the same time;( can amount to 7 'C )Two is the liquid of a

83、dmixture that spirit equipments that skillful design, the form machine descends to install to lead to flow ,the anoxia of take out, adopt the underwater propeller</p><p>　　6. Conclusion </p><p>

84、　　The Carrousel oxidizes the ditch because of having the good a phosphorus takes off the nitrogen ability, anti-pounds at the burthen ability with circulate to manage the convenience etc. the advantage, having got the ex

85、tensive application.But because of technological development with social advance, that craft is necessarily will exaltation getting further.The author thinks:The carrousel oxidizes the future research direction of the di

86、tch will now of main below several aspects. </p><p>　　1 Combination living creature method, research with develop the living creature model carrousel oxidize the crtcn.uke this can not only increases the mic

87、roorganism gross of the unit reactor measures, from but increases the organism carries, but also living creature oneself the inside that have places the AI the system of 0 enhances to take off the nitrogen result[IBl. &l

88、t;/p><p>　　2 Increases continuously the Carrousel oxidize the microbial activity in Inside in crtcn.scr example throw to add the EM in oxidize ditch with single mind the germ grow, throws in that the salt of Ir

89、on make the microorganism tame the live char in iron, devotion in living creature to become the torrnation to strengthen the germ gum regiment and increases to bear the toxicity pound at etc.. </p><p>　　3 In

90、creasing the Carrousel oxidizes the ditch equtpments function with supervise and control the technique.Function that increases form machine, underwater propeller, reduce to maintain the workload; Making use of DO, etc. o

91、f ORP many targets supervises and control the technique and changes the technique of is from now on the carrouseloxidizes ditchsciencecirculatenecessarilyfromitroad. </p><p>　　4 Increasing the Carrousel oxid

92、izes the ditch resistant to cold and bear toxicity can, reduce to cover the area to build the price with the engineering.Theoretical application, deep pond in water power term with the research of the craft function is t

93、o lowers the engineering builds the price and increases resistant to cold bear the toxicity can wait to provide the possible direction.</p><p>　　7.References</p><p>　　[1] Xia Shibin, Liu Junxin.

94、 An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle for domestic wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, 2004, 39(4):1117</p><p>　　[2] X, Hao; Doddema, H. J.; van Groenestijn, J. W. Use of con

95、tact tank to enhance denitrification in oxidation ditches. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34(1-2):195~202.1~1117.</p><p>　　[3] 汪大，雷樂成。水處理新技術(shù)及工程設(shè)計(jì)[M]。北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2000。</p><p>　　[4] 李正明。導(dǎo)管式氧化溝設(shè)

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97、~2219.</p><p>　　[7] Stamou, Anastasios T. Modeling of oxidation ditches using an open channel flow 1-D advection dispersion equation and ASMI process de scription. Water Science and Technology, 1997,36(

98、5):269~276. [8] Abusam, A.; Keesman, K.J.; van Straten, G. Forward and backward u ncertainty propagation: an oxidation ditch modelling example. Wat er Research, 2003,37(2):429~435.</p><p>　　[9] 施成忠。

99、昆明第一污水廠氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行實(shí)踐及分析。中國給水排水，1997，13(3)：17~19。</p><p>　　[10] 張華。氧化溝工藝處理低濃度城市污水的研究。廣西土木建筑，1998，23(4)：183~187。</p><p>　　[11] 潘玲，徐得潛，張樂英。氧化溝活性污泥膨脹原因及控制措施。工業(yè)用水與廢水，2003，34(6)：49~52。</p><p>

100、;　　[12] 吳昊，劉慶臣，李強(qiáng)利等。氧化溝工藝運(yùn)行中常見問題與解決方法。給水排水，2002，28(5)：26~29。</p><p>　　[13] 曹瑞鈺，付見中。改善氧化溝流速分布的措施　　　　中國給水排水，2001，17(2)：16~18。</p><p>　　[14] 李偉民，鄧榮森，王濤等。水下推動器對氧化溝混合液的循環(huán)作用。中國給水排水，2003，19(9)：45~47。&l