《傲慢與偏見》中的幽默與諷刺【畢業(yè)論文】

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1、　　本科畢業(yè)論文　?。?0 屆）　　英語　　《傲慢與偏見》中的幽默與諷刺　　Humour and Satire in Pride and

2、Prejudice　　誠信聲明　　我聲明，所呈交的論文(設計)是本人在老師指導下進行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。據(jù)我查證，除了文中特別加以標注和致謝的地方外，論文(設計)中不包含其他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果，也不包含為獲得＿＿＿＿＿＿或其他教育機構(gòu)的學位或證書而使用過的材料。我承諾，論文(設計)中的所有內(nèi)容

3、均真實、可信。　　論文(設計)作者簽名：簽名日期：年月日　　授權聲明　　學校有權保留送交論文（設計）的原件，允許論文（設計）被查閱和借閱，學?？梢怨颊撐模ㄔO計）的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可以影印、縮印或其他復制手段保存論文（設計），學校必須嚴

4、格按照授權對論文(設計)進行處理，不得超越授權對論文（設計）進行任意處置。　　論文(設計)作者簽名：簽名日期：年月日　　摘　要　　本文著重分析了《傲慢與偏見》中的幽默與諷刺。開頭部分首先介紹了 “幽默”與 “諷刺”的定義。然后結(jié)合《傲慢與偏見

5、》中的例子分別欣賞了對話中的幽默，情節(jié)的幽默，小說主題的諷刺，人物塑造的諷刺。文章最后先分析了“幽默”與“諷刺”結(jié)合使用相得益彰，然后引用了《傲慢與偏見》中的例子使讀者體會幽默與諷刺對這部小說的共同效果。　　關鍵詞：幽默；諷刺；《傲慢與偏見》；效果　　Abstract　　In

6、 this paper, we focus on analysing humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce the concepts of “humour” and “satire”. Then, we use examples from Pride and Prejudice to separately

7、 appreciate humour in conversation, humour in plot, satire in the theme of the novel and satire in characterization. At last, we analyse the advantage of both humour and satire in any works and cite examples in Pride and

8、 Prejudice to make readers realize the effect of both humo　　Key Words: humor; satire; Pride and Prejudice; effect　　Contents 　　摘　要I

9、　　AbstractII　　1. Introduction1　　2. Humour, satire and their relation1　　2.1 Humour1　　2.2 Satire2<

10、;p>　　2.3 The relation between humour and satire3　　3. Humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice4　　3.1 Humour in Pride and Prejudice4　　3.1.1 Humour in con

11、versation4　　3.1.2 Humour in plot5　　3.2 Satire in Pride and Prejudice6　　3.2.1 Satire in the theme of the novel6　　3.2.2 Satire in chra

12、cterization7　　4. The effect of both humour and satire9　　4.1 The advantage of both humour and satire in works9　　4.2 The effect of both humour and satire in

13、 Pride and Prejudice9　　5. Conclusion10　　Bibliography11　　Acknowledgements錯誤!未定義書簽。　　1. Introduction　　Jane Auste

14、n is the outstanding woman novelist of Britain in the 19th century. Sir Walter Scott thought highly of her ability to render "ordinary commonplace things and characters interesting". Macaulay and George Lewes r

15、egarded her as no less than a "prose Shakespeare". Jane Austen now ranks as a master of the English novel and contributes a lot to literary world.　　Her most famous work-- Pride and Prejudic

16、e-- displays such shrewd wit, delicate satire, attracting humor and accomplished characterizations. Though the story is set at the turn of the 19th century, it retains a fascination for modern readers, continuing near th

17、e top lists of “most loved books”. 　　In this paper we are going to appreciate humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice. Since there are many different definitions of humor and satire, in this paper,

18、 we tried to present relatively complete concepts of humour and satire, and discuss their relation. Also we appreciate many humorous and satirical examples in Pride and Prejudice, and the effect of both humor and satire

19、in this novel. 　　2. Humour, satire and their relation　　2.1 Humour　　The original meaning of “humor” is any of the four liquids(blood, phlegm, choler, melancho

20、ly) in the body that were once thought to determine a person’s mental and physical qualities. Now it refers to the quality of being amusing or comic, or the ability to appreciate things, situations or people that are com

21、ic. In English, the word “humour” comes from Latin, meaning “moisture.”(Cheng shuhua,1990:357) It means not only the sap of plants but also the body fluid of human being. And in the 15th and　　Accordi

22、ng to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(second edition),humor is:　　1) the ability to understand and enjoy what is funny and makes people laugh;　　2) the quality of causin

23、g amusement.　　According to A Glossary of Literary Terms written by M.H. Abrams, humour may be ascribed either to a comic utterance or to a comic appearance or mode of behaviour.

24、　Maybe it is hard to give an exact definition of humour. Through carefully analysing the above concepts of "humour", we can conclude several features of "humour". The first feature is bringing delight

25、 or making people laugh. The second feature is causing amusement. The third feature is having comic effect. So, on the basis of comparing and analysing different opinions of "humour", we tend to give "humo

26、ur" the following definition: the way of making people laugh and amusing people, thus get a comi　　2.2 Satire　　The word satire derives from the Latin "satire", mean

27、ing "medley." A satire, either in prose, in poetic form or in the graphic and performing arts, holds prevailing vices or follies up to ridicule. Satire as an English literary form derives in large part from Gre

28、ek and Roman literature. Different people have different definitions of "satire". 　　Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary offers two entries for the definition of satire:<

29、/p>　　(a) Attacking foolish or wicked behaviour by making fun of it, often by using sarcasm and parody.　　(b) Piece of writing, play, film, act that makes fun of foolish or wicked behavio

30、ur in this way.　　According to Google Dictionary, satire has the following meanings:　　(a) The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's s

31、tupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. 　　(b) A play, novel, film, or other work that uses satire.　　(c) A genre of liter

32、ature characterized by the use of satire.　　(d) (in Latin literature) A literary miscellany, esp. a poem ridiculing prevalent vices or follies. 　　According to M. H. Abrams:</p&

33、gt;　　Satire can be described as the literary art of diminishing or derogating a subject by making it ridiculous and evoking toward it attitudes of amusement, contempt, scorn, or indignation.<p&g

34、t;　　All the above definitions attempt to describe the nature of satire from both form and function. Although satire is usually meant to be funny, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit as a

35、 weapon. A common feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm—“in satire, irony is militant”—but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, and analogy are all frequently used in satirical speech and wr

36、iting. Here we make definition of “satire” as following: satire 　　2.3 The relation between humour and satire　　After we make clear the definitions of humour and satire, we are goi

37、ng to look into the relations between humour and satire.　　Humour is the way of making people laugh and amusing people, thus get a comic effect. Satire is the way to reveal, criticize or mock at somet

38、hing or somebody, using funny means, and it is always being attack. 　　Thus, we can see that humour and satire have the same feature which is using funny way, or making people laugh. But the intention

39、s and effects of humour and satire are different. Humour cause comic effect and its intend is bringing delight, make people happy and feel relaxed. While the intention of satire is reveal, criticize or mock at somebody o

40、r something (like the society, politics, religion). And its effect is cause people to think, that is to say, satire always has a serious "after-taste".　　In conclusion, humour and satire are

41、 all make people laugh. But satire is more "advanced", it has some serious things the writer want to evoke under the laugh.　　3. Humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice

42、;　　3.1 Humour in Pride and Prejudice　　Pride and prejudice is considered to be Jane Austen’s most popular and comical work. Jane Austen’s humorous way of writing is greatly embodied in Pride and preju

43、dice.　　3.1.1 Humour in conversation 　　The conversation is the most commonly-used form to show the characters, which is the main humourous way employed by Jane Austin. In Pri

44、de and Prejudice, dialogue takes up most of the space. Let us take humourous conversation between Mr. Bennet and Elizabeth as an example:　　“Come here, child,” cried her father, as she appeared. “I ha

45、ve sent for you on an affair of importance. I understand that Mr. Collins has made you an offer of marriage. Is it true?” Elizabeth replied that it was. “Very well— And this offer of marriage you have refused?”

46、　　“I have, sir.”　　“Very well. We now come to the point. Your mother insists upon your accepting it. Is not it so, Mrs. Bennet?”　　“Yes, or I will never see her again.”&

47、lt;/p>　　“An unhappy alternative is before you, Elizabeth. From this day you must be a stranger to one of your parents.—Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collin, and I will never s

48、ee you again if you do.”　　In this above dialogue, the author showed her sense of humor. Especially when we read the last sentence, which is out of our expectation, we can not help laughing. Mr. Benne

49、t begins the conversation quite objectively. He says that it is “an affair of importance”, which shows his seriousness which does not happen to him quite often. Then step by step, he asks simple and plain questions. And

50、in the middle of the conversation, he uses an “unhappy alternative”, which makes us think that the alternat　　Let us see another humourous conversation between them. In Chapter two, Mr.Bennet had alr

51、eady visit Mr. Bingly, but his family did not know. Mrs Bennet was very angry that his husband did not take actions to acquire Mr. Bingly. She said to her husband:"Don't keep coughing so, Kitty, for heaven's

52、 sake! Have a little copassion on my nerves. You tear them to pieces." "Kitty has no discretion in her coughs", said their father, "she times them ill." But when Mrs Bennet knew that her husband

53、had alre　　The novel is full of these humourous conversations, which made us laugh now and then during reading. And this feature is one of the reasons made the novel become a successful work.

54、;　　3.1.2 Humour in plot　　The most attracting feature of this novel is the interesting humourous plot, which is arranged focusing on enclosing Dacy’s pride and dissolving Elizabeth’s prejud

55、ice to Dacy. Thus, the plot is echoing with the title of the novel.　　Firstly, let us go through the humorous plot from Elizabeth’s perspective. Once at a ball, Elizabeth was slighted by Mr.Darcy, the

56、refore she safely promised her mother she would never dance with him. It seems that she was attracted by Mr.Wickham, whose appearance was greatly in his favor. Then she “prepared in the highest spirits for the conquest o

57、f all that remained unsubdued of his heart”. The relationship between Elizabeth and Darcy is worsened by Wickham’s ill words to Darcy. However, sense 　　Secondly, let us look into the plot from Darcy’

58、s view. At first Darcy was a little indifferent to Elizabeth’s family, because he considered there are many disadvantages of Elizabeth’s family. And he claims that Elizabeth and her sisters could not find a well-fortune

59、man with high position. Also, he thought Elizabeth is not handsome enough to tempt him and said frankly that “it must very materially lessen their chance of marrying men of any consideration in the world”. However, he is

60、 the very man　　From the above two perspectives, we can see the author arrange the plot in a humorous way. At first, both of the main characters denied each other with the accents of unshaken resoluti

61、on. Their voice was grimly determined. But with the false pride humbled and prejudice dissolved, it is them, Elizabeth and Darcy, both fell in love with each other. The opposite attitudes of them, make the plot very humo

62、ur and successfully portray two lively humourous character.　　3.2 Satire in Pride and Prejudice　　Satire is the most striking feature in Pride and prejudice. As an ingenious work,

63、the masterpiece of Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice employs the satirical technique in characterization and theme, which has made a great realistic comic work of the novel. 　　3.2.1 Satire in the them

64、e of the novel　　The novel focused on the theme of marriage. The opening sentence of the whole novel proclaims, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortun

65、e must be in want of a wife.” We can analyse the theme from two perspectives: one is women’s position in marriage; another is marriage on the basis of money. 　　Firstly, we analyse the satirical pers

66、pective of women’s position. The novel is about how young ladies hunt husbands. In the 18th century in England, because handicraft industry was replaced by machine building, women’s social positions had dropped to an eno

67、rmous extent. Marriage, which was taken as a means to change woman’s position, became the most important thing in their life. In Pride and Prejudice, Mr.and Mrs.Bennet have five daughters. Unfortunately for their daughte

68、rs, Mr.Bennet’s proper　　Secondly, we look at the satirical of love on the basis of money. “A good fortune” in the opening sentence of the novel reflects the relationship between love and money. Peopl

69、e are all having beautiful dream that marriage is on the basis of love, which should be generally accepted truth. However, after we finish reading the novel, we realized that the so called happy marriage is on the basis

70、of money and that love is on the basis of interest. In this novel, Mrs.Bennet was a woman of mean underst　　3.2.2 Satire in chracterization　　In this famous novel, Jane Austen crea

71、tes a lot of satirical characters, such as Mrs Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherein, Miss Marry Bennet. Here we will present the first two comic characters.　　The first satirical character in this nove

72、l we want to analyse is Mrs.Bennet. On some occasions, the preliminary description carries a tone of satirical mockery: “[Mrs.Bennet] was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she

73、was discontented she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news.” She is the model of the foolish. She has not even seen Mr.Bingley, but she consi

74、ders him as “the r　　The second satirical person in this novel, we want to take Mr.Collins as an example. His each word, each movement and each attempt embodies the bitter satire upon him. The most ty

75、pical sense of this is what he says when he proposes to Elizabeth. After he arrives at Mr.Bennet’s punctually,“he had not been long seated before he complimented Mrs.Bennet on having so fine a family of daughters; said h

76、e had heard much of their beauty, but that, in this instance, fame had fallen short of the truth; and　　4. The effect of both humour and satire 　　After we make clear the definitio

77、n of humour and satire, and appreciate humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice, we should realize the necessity of humour and satire in works and then analyse the effect of both humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice.

78、　　4.1 The advantage of both humour and satire in works　　The effect of humour is purely intended — make the novel interesting to people and make readers laugh during reading. But

79、the effect of satire is not just funny but also implies something rewards thinking twice. There is always a gap between what the author says and what it means, between the surface meaning and his real intention. The grea

80、test purpose of satire is often constructive social criticism and advocate social improvement. Thus, satire must be serious while humour is light-hearted.　　Since the different effects of humour and s

81、atire, authors always use both humour and satire when they write works. If the author only use humour, the works will become jokes just for fun, and without anything of real substance in the books. If the writers use sat

82、ire only, the works will become too serious for readers to look for entertainment. As we all know, people are always reading books to enliven our boring and pressure life. It is a way of relaxing. If the novel is full of

83、 satirical critic　　4.2 The effect of both humour and satire in Pride and Prejudice　　Pride and prejudice is Jane Austen’s representative work. In this book, Austen wrote with alte

84、rnating satire and humour frequently. 　　Taking Mrs. Bennet as the target of her satire, Jane Austin reveals the faults, foolishness and ignorance of Mrs. Bennet. While to Mr. Bennet, Austen just use

85、humorous way to portray him. Let us appreciate the following conversation between Mrs. Bennet and Mr. Bennet to see the tightly united of satire and humour.　　“My dear Mr. Bennet,” said his lady to hi

86、m one day, “have you heard that Neitherfield Park is let at last?” Mr. Bennet replied that he had not.　　“But it is,” returned she; “for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.”<

87、;/p>　　Mr. Bennet made no answer.　　“Do not you want to know who has taken it?” cried his wife impatiently.　　“You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing

88、it.”　　Through the above conversation, we can realize the effect of humour and satire. The humorous sentence, “You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it.”, which violated the Maxim of

89、 Manner of being brief. When reading the sentence, readers always can not help laughing, and they feel relaxed with pleasure. At the same time, we can see the obviously satire on Mrs.Bennet from her own speech, which ref

90、lects that she is a big mouth, and she was desirable to marry her daughters to men in p　　5. Conclusion　　To sum up, at the beginning of the paper, we discussed the concepts of hum

91、our and satire, as well as their relation. Humour is the way of making people laugh and amusing people, thus get a comic effect. And satire is the way to reveal, criticize or mock at something or somebody, using funny me

92、ans, and it is always being attack. Then we appreciate humour in Pride and Prejudice (like: humour in conversation, humour in plot), and satire in Pride and Prejudice (like: satire in the theme of the novel&l

93、t;p>　　Humour and satire are the main features of Jane Austen's works, especially Pride and Prejudice. Austen wrote this book with alternating satire and humor and united them tightly. The combination of humor and

94、satire in the novel, not only makes the work interesting to the readers but also makes readers think something in our real society. We should realize to appreciate them in works and try to use these art techniques when w

95、e are writing.　　Bibliography　　[1] AS Hornby,1997, Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary【M】. The Commercial Press Oxford University Press.　　[2]

96、 Chen Ting Irony in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice-- From the Perspective of Speech Act Theory 【D】.　　[3] Han Yujuan Loss and Regain of Felicity--A Meditation on the Theme of Persuasion 【D】.&

97、lt;/p>　　[4] Harding,D.W. Character and Caricature in Jane Austen [A]. 1968.3　　[5] Hou Li Appreciation of Jane Austen’s Iron ic Art in Pride and Prejudice 【J】.語文學刊·外語教育教學 2010年第2期.

98、　　[6] Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice【M】，南方出版社　　[7] Jia Linlin To Laugh or Not to Laugh, That is the Question--A Case Study of Humour Translation in Pride and Prejudice 【D】.<

99、/p>　　[8] M.H. Abrams A Glossary of Literary Terms 【M】. 7th edition　　[9] Nie Zhiwen On Pride and Prejudice's comic world 【D】.　　[10] Raskin, V.Semantic mechanis

100、ms of humor [A] 1985.[11] Tang Xuan An Analysis of Conversational Art in Pride and Prejudice 【D】.　　[12] Zhu Yanmin On the Irony of Jane Austen 【D】　　[13] 肖錢，簡·奧斯汀的諷刺藝術析小說《傲慢

101、與偏見》在結(jié)構(gòu)和人物性格中諷刺的運用【J】，西藏大學學報，2002（6）　　[14] 韋永霞，“幽默”與“諷刺”并舉———論梁實秋小品散文的藝術風格【J】2010。　　[15] 高勝林，幽默修辭學【M】。山東文藝出版社2006。　　[16] 王玲玲，淺析《傲慢與偏見》中對人物的語言諷刺藝術【J】。2004 （6）

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