湖南科技大學瀟湘學院英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)設計（論文）

1、<p>　　湖 南 科 技 大 學</p><p>　　瀟湘學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書</p><p>　　外國語 系 英語 教研室</p><p>　　教研室主任: （簽名） 年 月 日</p><p>　　學生姓名

2、: 學號: 1262010307 專業(yè): 教育英語 </p><p>　　1 設計（論文）題目及專題： 目的論視角下旅游景點翻譯—以黃山為例 </p><p>　　2 學生設計（論文）時間：自2015年12月1日開始至2016年6月20日止</p><p&

3、gt;　　3 設計（論文）所用資源和參考資料：</p><p>　　[1] Munday, Jeremy. Introducing Translation Studies: Theory and Application [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai foreign language Education Press, 2010.</p><p>　　[2] Newmark

4、, Peter. A Textbook of translation [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.</p><p>　　[3] Nida, E, A. Language and Culture-Contexts in Translation [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Langua

5、ge Education Press, 2001.</p><p>　　[4] 丁大剛. 旅游英語的語言特色與翻譯[M]. 上海: 上海交通大學出版社, 2008.</p><p>　　[5] 方夢之. 毛忠明. 英漢漢英翻譯教程[M]. 上海: 上海外語教育出版社, 2005.</p><p>　　4 設計（論文）應完成的主要內(nèi)容：</p>&

6、lt;p>　　隨著旅游日益流行，旅游翻譯也凸顯出重要地位。本文試以目的論為指導，通過對黃山旅游景點翻譯的應用研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，試提出彌補旅游翻譯的錯誤的方法，對旅游翻譯有一定作用。</p><p>　　5 提交設計（論文）形式（設計說明與圖紙或論文等）及要求：</p><p>　　6 發(fā)題時間： 2015 年 12 月 10 日</p&g

7、t;<p>　　指導教師： （簽名）</p><p>　　學 生： （簽名）</p><p>　　Chinese- English Translation of the Yellow Mountain from the Perspective of Skopos Theory</p><p>&

8、lt;b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Nowadays, Yellow Mountain scenic spots have attracted a lot of foreign visitors. For them, tourist translation text in English is the most convenient material to get the

9、 tourist information. This paper is based on Skopos Theory and analyzes problems existing in the translation text, then gives some corresponding solutions, so as to promote tourism in the vigorous development of our coun

10、try.</p><p>　　Key worlds: tourism; scenic spot translation; Skopos Theory</p><p>　　目的論視角下旅游景點翻譯--以黃山為例</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　當今黃山風景區(qū)吸引了大量的外來游客。對于他們來說，

11、旅游景點介紹英語翻譯文本是得到旅游信息最便利的方法。本文以目的論為指導，研究黃山旅游景點介紹的英譯本，發(fā)現(xiàn)介紹翻譯中存在的不足，并給出一些相對應的解決方案，從而促進旅游業(yè)在我國的蓬勃發(fā)展。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：旅游；旅游翻譯；目的論</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　Abstract錯誤!未定義

12、書簽。</p><p><b>　　摘要ii</b></p><p>　　Introduction- 1 -</p><p>　　I. Basic information of Skopos Theory- 2 -</p><p>　　1.1 Brief Introduction- 2 -</p>

13、<p>　　1.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory- 2 -</p><p>　　1.2.1 Skopos Rule- 2 -</p><p>　　1.2.1 Coherence Rule- 3 -</p><p>　　1.2.3 Fidelity Rule- 3 -</p><p>　　

14、II. Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text- 4 -</p><p>　　2.1 The Definition and Functions of Scenic Spot Text- 4 -</p><p>　　2.2 The Classification of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text- 4 -</p>

15、<p>　　III. C-E translation of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text Translation- 7 -</p><p>　　3.1 The Application of Skopos Theory to Scenic Spot Translation- 7 -</p><p>　　3.1.1 Skopos Rule’

16、s Application in Scenic Spot Translation- 7 -</p><p>　　3.1.2 Coherence Rule’ s Application in Scenic Spot Translation- 8 -</p><p>　　3.1.3 Fidelity Rule’ s Application in Scenic Spot Translatio

17、n- 9 -</p><p>　　3.2 Proposed Strategies for C-E Translation- 10 -</p><p>　　3.2.1 Supplementary- 10 -</p><p>　　3.2.2 Omission- 12 -</p><p>　　3.2.3 Integration- 13 -

18、</p><p>　　Conclusion- 14 -</p><p>　　Bibliography- 15 -</p><p>　　Acknowledgements- 16 -</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Tourism industry in China is becom

19、ing booming, thus it calls for a well-translated text in English in order to attract amount of foreign visitors coming to China and enjoy the scenery. Among these scenic spot translation texts, there are some successful

20、examples, but there are still a lot of versions far from satisfaction. By collecting lots of first-hand material, we have found some types translation problems in scenic spot translation text. These problems prevent the

21、communication with the for</p><p>　　In recent years a study of scenic spot has flourished in China’s translation circle. Abundant studies contributing to this field discuss this issue from different aspects,

22、 such as the existing problems of translated version. One fact should be pointed out that many scholars discuss this topic from the perspective of Skopos Theory. Also, some scholars discuss the topic from a functionalist

23、 viewpoint. In a word, translation strategies based on the Skopos Theory are useful.</p><p>　　Yellow Mountain, world cultural and natural heritages, is the only Department of China's top ten scenic spots

24、 mountain scenery. In the history, numerous men of letters, famous patriots left vast ink and the Psalms. However, most of foreign know little about Yellow Mountain. Language is a part of culture, so we should make it be

25、tter(Newmark, Peter, 2001). In order to improve the situation that there are scenic spot translation texts with poor quality, the thesis has point out three suggestions: S</p><p>　　I. Basic information of Sk

26、opos Theory</p><p>　　Skopos Theory is an approach translation which was developed in Germany in the late 1970s(Vermeer, 1978). It studies the functions of the texts, the purposes of the translation and the t

27、ranslation strategies.(簡磊，2014, translated by the author). Skopos theory is to apply the concept of Skopos in translation theory. Skopos this term is usually used to refer to the purpose of the translation.</p>&l

28、t;p>　　1.1 Brief Introduction</p><p>　　The word Skopos comes from the Greek word for “Skopos”. In Vermeer's Skopos theories, the most important factor is the audience -- the recipients, because they ha

29、ve their own cultural background knowledge, the translation of expectations and communicative needs(2000). Each translation is directed to a certain audience, so translation is a discourse produced in the context of the

30、target language for a certain purpose and target audience. Vermeer believes that the original text is only a source of</p><p>　　1.2 Three Principles of Skopos Theory</p><p>　　Skopos Theory inclu

31、des three principles: Skopos rule, coherence rule and fidelity rule.</p><p>　　1.2.1 Skopos Rule</p><p>　　According to Skopos theories, Skopos rule is the principal rule for any translations. The

32、 aim that the translation is to attain determines the whole translation process,“the end justifies the means”(Nord,2001:124). Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The response can neve

33、r be identical due to the different cultural settings between the target language and source language. But there should be a high degree of equivalent reaction, or else the translation will h</p><p>　　1.2.1

34、Coherence Rule</p><p>　　Another important rule of Skopos theory, the “coherence rule”, specifies that the target text‘must be interpretable as coherent with the target text receiver’s situation(Reiss and Ver

35、meer 1984:113). In other words, the text is meaningful to target culture listeners. Translation must conform to the coherence of the standard, that is, the target text must be acceptable, and the recipient can understand

36、 the meaning in the target culture and translation of the communicative context. It mainly consid</p><p>　　1.2.3 Fidelity Rule</p><p>　　Translation is a process of offering information. It is ex

37、pected to bear some relationship with the corresponding source text. The fidelity rule merely states that there must be coherence between the translated version and the source text. The source text deposed “provide infor

38、mation”, the translation should be close to the source text. However, the extent and form of fidelity depends on the translator, the translation of the source text and the translation Skopos. Fidelity rules are subordina

39、te</p><p>　　Scenic spot text is a broad term, and it includes many kinds’ aspects, such as transportation, entertainment, shopping and so on. For foreign visitors, they can get the information from the trans

40、lation text.</p><p>　　2.1 The Definition and Functions of Scenic Spot Text</p><p>　　Scenic Spot Text is a text with activities, professionals and industries of the scenic spot. China, as one of

41、the world's ancient civilizations, has a long history of cultural and historical tradition. The natural history of the motherland, ethnic customs, and scenic spots attract tourists from all over the world. Tourism ha

42、s become one of the main pillar industries in our country. In recent years, more and more foreign tourists came to China to enjoy the beautiful scenery. China's tourism prese</p><p>　　2.2 The Classificat

43、ion of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text</p><p>　　Yellow Mountain scenic spot text can be classified into several types:</p><p>　　①The concept-based text: The concept-based text is primarily used

44、 for cultural or historical elements, which can not reflect the conceptual meanings. It is employed to supply what the text should have and to establish communication with the target reader. Its function is to draw the r

45、eader’s focus on the scenic spot.</p><p>　　西海，顧名思義，即是黃山西部群峰，是黃山風景區(qū)中最秀麗深邃的部分，又被稱為夢幻景區(qū)。西海大峽谷又被稱為白云谷，是黃山風景區(qū)新開發(fā)的一處景區(qū)，主要入口是在北海景區(qū)西海的排云亭。(《發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅》)</p><p>　　因為這里高曠開闊，日光照射久長，故名光明頂。（《光明頂風景旅游區(qū)介紹》）</p>

46、<p>　　These are just simple definitions of the concept, purely directing these two sceneries. It does not mention the important information about them. It does mention a piece of information that a new scenery spo

47、t is coming and it is time to visit it with heart. The purpose of this kind of text is to draw the focuses of foreign guest, and then they can enjoy the following beautiful scenery.</p><p>　?、贒escriptive inf

48、ormation text: Descriptive information is combined with basic information and additional information. It describes information on the characteristics of the tourist destination and its thematic characteristics. It is mai

49、nly to describe the nature and characteristics of the tourism destination and its thematic characteristics. It is both objective and subjective, and may be exaggerated.</p><p>　　或倚岸挺拔，或獨立峰巔，或倒懸絕壁，或冠平如蓋，或尖削似劍

50、。忽懸、忽橫、忽臥、忽起，“無樹非松，無石不松，無松不奇.（黃山奇松介紹）</p><p>　　These sentences are mainly to describe the pine trees in different poses and with different expressions. The words of description is extremely strong, and is vi

51、vid reflection of the pines in the odd, odd in the growth environment, odd in the beautiful posture, odd in the indomitable spirit.</p><p>　?、跡valuative /Appraisal information text :Evaluation of information

52、 is the evaluation of tourism destination and its thematic projects to deepen the understanding of the theme of the project. It contains information which is implied or induced. This kind of text will contain the origina

53、l author's personal expression style, and the subjectivity is strong. Based on the evaluative or appraisal Information text, there are some most popular tourist spots in generally, which are introduced and praised &l

54、t;/p><p>　　游客到此，頓時游興倍增，紛紛攝影留念，引以為幸。（黃山市黃山風景區(qū)，中國旅行出版社，2007）</p><p>　　由于地勢平坦，所以是黃山看日出、觀云海的最佳地點之一。（黃山市黃山風景區(qū)，中國旅行出版社，2007）</p><p>　　There are many similar sentences, with a subjective view

55、 of the landscape. It conveys information. It can also be said that, to a certain extent, it provides visitors with some advice.</p><p>　?、蹸ultural information text: Cultural information contains cultural wo

56、rds, with obvious cultural recognition. Information communication is relatively strong, but with greater flexibility. The translator should grasp the needs of foreign visitors to the relevant cultural content and the abi

57、lity to accept. The fable story often contains many cultural words.</p><p>　　(6)仙女繡花、天女彈琴、天狗聽琴、仙人踩高蹺、武松打虎（《黃山西海群峰介紹》）</p><p>　?、軮nformation of tips text: The information attached to the two or t

58、hree level of the subject of information related matters needing attention. For example: to provide visitors with the project opening time, traffic travel, shopping tips and folk taboos, etc.</p><p>　　排云亭位于西

59、海門，建于民國24年。這里視野開闊，是觀賞黃山巧石奇景的最佳地點。（《排云亭簡介》）</p><p>　　它們大都是三分形象，七分想象，從人的心理移情于石，使一塊冥頑不靈的石頭憑空有了精靈跳脫的生命。欣賞時不妨充分調(diào)動自己的主觀創(chuàng)造力，可獲更高的審美享受。（《怪石簡介》）</p><p>　　Many similar sentences like the example provide v

60、isitors with a view to achieve the greatest aesthetic requirements.</p><p>　　III. C-E translation of Yellow Mountain Scenic Spot Text Translation</p><p>　　There are many language differences bet

61、ween English and Chinese tourist text. Jia Yu-xin said that “Scenic spot translation is decoding the Chinese culture and making it conform to English culture, which is part of cross culture communication”(賈，1997). The tr

62、anslation should take a higher position---cross culture position to the translation work. The chapter mainly analyzes the application to find the problems.</p><p>　　3.1 The Application of Skopos Theory to Sc

63、enic Spot Translation</p><p>　　Due to the differences between English and Chinese tourist text, it is unavoidably that there exist some problems rendering Chinese tourist text into English. It is known to us

64、 that a successful scenic spot text should be enough to achieve the intended purposes: attracting the potential visitors’ desire to pay a visit to it. According to the Skopos Theory, an excellent translator should consid

65、er the target receivers and the intended purposes of the original text. Translators of the tourist texts</p><p>　　3.1.1 Skopos Rule’s Application in Scenic Spot Translation</p><p>　　Skopos rule

66、is at the peak among the three principles of the Skopos Theory. It stresses that the intention of the translation determines the process of the translation. For the translation of the scenic spot, the main purpose is to

67、offer tourism information correctly and attract visitors to visit China. To achieve this purpose, the translation should be well expressed and meet the visitors’ requirements as much as possible. In a word, only when the

68、 intended purposes of the original texts are ach</p><p>　　(9)古人稱“五岳歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳”，是因為黃山美景著實令人嘆為觀止。</p><p>　　Thanks to its stunning beauty, Yellow Mountain was praised by ancient people with the

69、sentence:“Trips to China’s five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Yellow Mountain renders trips to the five great mountains unnecessary.”</p><p>　　It is a typical exa

70、mple. Chinese visitors are familiar with the five mountains, while it is not a easy thing for most of foreign visitors to understand the meaning of the five mountains. In source text, it wants to express the beauty of th

71、e Yellow Mountain by quoting the famous sentence and it is a really well-enjoyed for Chinese visitors. This is to say, the purpose of quoting the famous sentence is to express the beautiful scenery. Reading the version c

72、arefully, it describes the content of the</p><p>　　Better translation: The scenery of Yellow Mountain is so exceptional that you don’t want to visit the famous five mountains after seeing the Yellow Mountain

73、. </p><p>　　(10)迎客松 The Greeting Guests Pine</p><p>　　In this English version, the translation is excellent, because it can reach the purpose of the source text. The purpose of the translation o

74、f “迎客松” is to help foreign visitors better understand when seeing the pines. They are shaped like greeting guest, hence the name.</p><p>　　3.1.2 Coherence Rule’ s Application in Scenic Spot Translation</p

75、><p>　　The coherence rule states that the target text “must be interpretable as coherent with the target text of the receiver’s situation” (Reiss and Vermeer 1984:113). It is just an offer of information for th

76、e translator, and the translator considers or thinks the information weather to be meaningful in the respective of the receiver’s situation.</p><p>　　(11)黃山地跨三縣兩區(qū)---歙縣、黟縣、休寧縣和黃山區(qū)、徽州區(qū)，南北長約40公里，東西寬約30公里，面積1200

77、平方公里，劃入風景區(qū)的有154平方公里，是號稱“五百里黃山”的精華部分。</p><p>　　Yellow Mountain stretches 40 kilometers from north to south, and 30 kilometers from west to east, covering an area of 1200 square kilometers, of which the most b

78、eautiful area of 154 square kilometers is selected as the scenic resort.</p><p>　　This section outlines the position of Yellow Mountain. For Foreign visitors, they don’t care about the concrete location. It

79、is unnecessary to translate the location of Yellow Mountain. Otherwise, it seems too fussy. In the version, the conjunction “and” expresses the length of all direction and the verb “covering” expresses the proportion of

80、Yellow Mountain. The use of these two words make the meaning of the content coherent and they are convenient for the audience to understand the text. </p><p>　　(12)黃山之峰，座座陡峭挺拔，偉岸險峻。群山之中，奇巖怪石密布.（《北海景區(qū)》）</p

81、><p>　　Mount Huangshan is at the peak, steep tall, stalwart. Steep mountains are rocks and stone.</p><p>　　There are three phrases in the form of the four idioms in this sentences, for example,“陡峭挺

82、拔，偉岸險峻,怪石密布”. Those two words is mainly to express the attitude of Yellow Mountain, while the last phrase words describes the same meaning in two words(奇巖,怪石).The two words express the equal meaning that the rock is stra

83、nge with different kinds of shapes. Thus it only should choose one of them in order to simplify and make foreign visitors understand. Yan Dong-xue（嚴冬雪）argued that“ in addition, it does not n</p><p>　　Better

84、translation: The tall and steep pinnacles in Yellow Mountain are dotted with rocks of grotesque formations.</p><p>　　3.1.3 Fidelity Rule’ s Application in Scenic Spot Translation</p><p>　　The fi

85、delity rule is known as inter textual coherence. It requires target text to maintain relationship with the corresponding source text. It merely states that there must be coherence between the translated version and the

86、source text(Vermeer，2000.)</p><p>　　(13)黃山風景以奇?zhèn)セ秒U著稱。風景區(qū)內(nèi)重巒疊嶂，著名的有36大峰，36小峰及蓮花峰，天花峰，光明頂三大主峰，這些山峰海拔均在1800米以上。</p><p>　　The scenic area is also endowed with many peaks of grandeur, and the most fam

87、ous ones are Lotus Peak, Heavenly Capital Peak, Guangming Summit, all of which stand more than 1800 meters above the sea level, besides other renowned 36 peaks and 36 hills.</p><p>　　This sentence introduces

88、 the height of mountains. In the source text,“主峰”“及”“均”“以上”these words are important. If there words didn’t translate, the meaning of the content would not be as complete as the source text. The version translate these w

89、ords and express the meaning of the source text accuracy. It adheres to the fidelity rule and reach the purpose of the target text.</p><p>　　3.2 Proposed Strategies for C-E Translation</p><p>　　

90、With the development of China's tourism industry, more and more foreign tourists are coming to China to visit the scenery. Therefore, the translation of scenic spots has become more and more important. I will provide

91、 specific translation strategies based on the purpose of theoretical point of view to of Yellow Mountain scenic spots translation.</p><p>　　3.2.1 Supplementary</p><p>　　The meaning of supplement

92、ary is that when the source text embody some cultural phrases and words, even including idioms and literatures, the translator should add necessary explanation in order to help them understand and eliminate their confusi

93、on. According to Munday(2010), Skopos Theory views as a purpose-driven, outcome-oriented human interaction and as message-transmitter compounding intercultural transfer. In a word, the purpose of this method is that one

94、is to guarantee the integrity of th</p><p>　　(14)五岳歸來不看山，黃山歸來不看岳。（《黃山-發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅》）</p><p>　?、買t is said that you won’t want to visit any other mountains after seeing wu yue, but you won’t wish to see

95、even wu yue after returning from Yellow Mountain. </p><p>　?、赥rips to China’s five great mountains render trips to other mountains unnecessary, and a trip to Yellow Mountain renders trips to the five great m

96、ountains unnecessary.</p><p>　　It is a famous saying. This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of the Yellow Mountain. As Chinese, the people all know what’s the meaning of“五岳”. For fo

97、reign tourists who visit Yellow Mountain, few people know the meaning of“五岳”,while these two words add deep meanings to the sentence to explain the context. Moreover, the foreigners can not agree with this translation an

98、d find it difficulty to understand “Five Mountain”. “wu yue” is the transliteration method. It is the be</p><p>　　(15)黃山在秦朝時（前221-207）叫做黔山，因峰蒼顏黛而得名。（《黃山-發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅》）</p><p>　　Yellow Mountain was calle

99、d Yishan in Qin Dynasty (221BC-207BC), since it is abundant with black rocks.</p><p>　　The sentence is easy to understand for Chinese people, because we Chinese all know that the word “黔”means black in the C

100、hinese dictionary. And its rocks are black, thus get the name Yishan. Foreign visitors do not know the meaning of the word “黔”, so they will feel puzzled and still don’t know the original of the name after reading the ve