醫(yī)學英語詞匯王娟簡

1、Medical Vocabulary,Teaching Office of Fundamental NursingWang Juan,construction,English Medical Terminologyprofessional literature reading Writing for Abstract of Medical Thesis ISPN and Related Issues,,Nursing Pr

2、ocess Health Assessment Community Health Nursing Nursing Care of the Oldest Old Promoting Coping in Hospitalized Children Midwifery and Perinatal Care Principles and Methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Nursi

3、ng,醫(yī)學英語詞匯概述,,教學內容醫(yī)學英語語詞的來源醫(yī)學英語詞匯特點 醫(yī)學詞根、前綴、后綴,,詞 源,古英語： 數量極少，只是最基本的人體解剖術語和與人體基本生理功能和疾患相關術語。有些單詞意義基本沒有變化： blood; bone; eye; mouth; hand…拼寫、讀音、意義都發(fā)生變化： chest breast,,詞 源,希臘語： 借自希臘語的前綴： p

4、eri-(周圍，圍繞，靠近)；auto-(自己，獨自)借自希臘語的詞根： append(o)-(闌尾)；mast(o)-(乳腺，乳房)借自希臘語的單詞： colon-(結腸)；coma-(昏迷),詞 源,拉丁語： 借自拉丁語的前綴： re-(再，又，重新)；centi-(百)借自拉丁語的詞根： audi(o)-(聽覺，聽力)； urin(o)-(尿)借自拉丁語的單詞： medici

5、ne-(醫(yī)學)；tumor-(腫瘤),詞 源,阿拉伯語：syrup… 法語：hospital; benigh…德語：aspirin; gene…意大利語：influenza; malaria…西班牙語：mosquito; quinine…,詞 源,中醫(yī)術語： yin(陰)；yang(陽)；jing(精)；qi(氣) tui na(推拿)；acupuncture point(穴位),醫(yī)學英語詞匯主要特

6、點,1、醫(yī)學英語借用普通英語部分詞匯2、部分醫(yī)學詞匯中英之間音或形相近3、大量醫(yī)學英語詞匯包含詞根、詞綴4、醫(yī)學英語詞匯中存在大量縮略詞5、一個意義常有多個表達,,,1、醫(yī)學英語借用普通英語部分詞匯Irrigation:沖洗--灌溉Solution:溶液--解決問題Labor:分娩--勞力Indication:適應--指示Secondary:繼發(fā)性—中級的,,2、部分醫(yī)學詞匯中英之間音或形相近音近： penic

7、illin:盤尼西林 Gua Sha: 刮痧形近： milk tooth:乳齒 chicken breast:雞胸,,3、大量醫(yī)學英語詞匯包含詞根、詞綴Electrocardiogram：心電圖Autotransplantation:自體移植,,4、醫(yī)學英語詞匯中存在大量縮略詞字母縮略詞： 取自短語:BP=Blood Pressure SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndro

8、me 取自單詞：ECG=electrocardiogram截短詞：cardiogram=electrocardiogram,,5、一個意義常有多個表達近視： myopia; near-sighted; near/short-sightedness小便： urinate(V.); urine(n.) pass water; pee,醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,醫(yī)學詞素(morpheme)：醫(yī)學詞根(root)

9、醫(yī)學詞綴(affix:prefix,suffix),醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,詞根：可以在不同的單詞里出現，但它的基本形式和含義相同 erythr(o)-1、自由詞根：abdomen2、黏著詞根：vas(o)-,醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,前綴（prefix）： 置于詞根前對詞根的含義加以補充與限定的詞素1、指事物基本狀況的前綴：a-,dys-,hyper-…2、指時間、方位或位置的前綴： ex-,in-,peri-,sub-,t

10、rans-…3、指相互關系的前綴：auto-,idio-,homo-…4、指數字的前綴：uni-,bi-,tri-,cent-…,醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,后綴（suffix）： 置于詞根后對詞根的含義加以補充與限定的詞素常常用于單詞后作為添加詞素來改變詞匯含義的一小部分或改變詞性，但不可能改變一個單詞的含義簡單后綴（simple suffix） 復合性后綴（compound suffix）,醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,簡單后綴：

11、形容詞后綴：-ar,-ic,-itic…動詞后綴：-ize,-ate,-fy…名詞后綴：-oma,-ia,-itis…副詞后綴：-ad,-ward,-wise…,醫(yī)學英語詞匯結構,復合性后綴： 由部分詞根和簡單后綴結合而成-graphy=-graph+y:process of recording-logy=-log+y:study,science-uria=-ur+ia:urine condition,,連接

12、元音字母： 在兩個詞素之間常會被添加進一個連接元音字 母，以使人們在連讀這兩個詞素時，在語音上順 口流暢。連接元音字母大多出現在兩個詞素相連而后一個詞素的起始字母發(fā)輔音的情況下，尤其是在前一個詞素的末尾字母發(fā)輔音而后一個詞素的起始字母也發(fā)輔音的情況下。,,6個連接元音字母：o:為最常見的連接元音字母i:為較常見的連接元音字母a,e,u:較少見的連接元音字母y:為最少見連接元音字母,,-o-: therm（溫）

13、+meter（測量器）：thermometer-i-：insect（蟲）+cide（殺）：insecticide-a-：pent（五）+gon（角）：pentagon-e-：liqu（液）+fy（…化）：liquefy-u-：cent（百）+ple（倍）：centuple,,連接元音字母的標注：一個詞素在后連另一詞素時需要添加的連接元音字母是特定的。my-,myo-:肌ost-,osto-:骨dent-,denti-,

14、dento-:牙ant-,anti-:對立，反抗，制止,快速記憶,-centesis 穿刺術-graphy 記錄，攝影-plasty 成型術-scopy 鏡檢-stasis 停止，制止,測試,arthrocentesis cardiography myoplasty cystoscopy mycostasis pelvimetr

15、y,關節(jié)穿刺術心電圖肌成型術膀胱鏡檢查抑制霉菌作用骨盆測量儀,醫(yī)學英語常用詞根及構詞,,呼吸系統（The respiratory system),This includes the lungs and the passages leading to and from them. The purpose of this system is to take in air ,and from it extract oxygen wh

16、ich is then dissolved into the blood and conveyed to all the tissues . A waste product of the cells ,carbon dioxide ,is taken by the blood to the lungs ,whence it is expelled to the outside air.,The respiratory system,1、

17、呼吸breath詞根：-pnea,pneum(o)-,pneumat(o)-,-spir(o)例詞：orthopnea端坐呼吸；pneumothorax氣胸； Pneumoperitoneum氣腹；expiration呼氣2、鼻nose詞根：nas(o)-,rhin(o)-例詞：nasopharynx鼻咽；rhinitis鼻炎,3、喉throat詞根：laryng(o)-例詞：laryngi

18、tis喉炎；laryngospasm喉痙攣4、氣管windpipe詞根：trache(o)-例詞：tracheotomy氣管切開術； tracheal氣管的,The respiratory system,5、支氣管bronchi詞根：bronch(o)-例詞：bronchiectasis支氣管擴張； bronchitis支氣管炎6、細支氣管bronchiole詞根：bro

19、nchiol(o)-例詞：bronchiolitis細支氣管炎； bronchiole細支氣管,The respiratory system,7、肺lung：詞根：pneumon(o)-,pulmo(n)(o)-例詞：pneumonia肺炎；pulmonary肺的8、胸chest：詞根：thorac(o)-例詞：thoracentesis胸腔穿刺術；,The respiratory system,P

20、ractice,Respiratory distress syndrome PneumoniaLung ventilationMetabolic compensationdyspnea,呼吸窘迫綜合征肺炎肺通氣代謝代償呼吸困難,Diagnostic terms,Inspection：視診Auscultation ：聽診 Percussion：叩診Palpation：觸診,Abbreviations,

21、ARDSBronchCOPDCPRCXRDPT,Abbreviations,ARDS: Adult (or acute) respiratory distress syndromeCOPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCPR: Cardiopulmonary resuscitationCXR: Chest X-rayDPT: diphtheria, pertussis,

22、tetanus,The circulatory system,The heart ,blood vessels, lymph vessels and lymph nodes all make up the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues, bringing with it food ,oxygen and other substances ,and carry

23、ing away waste materials.,The circulatory system,1、心heart：詞根：cardi(o)-例詞：electrocardiogram心電圖； cardiomyopathy心肌病2、心房auricle：詞根：atri(o)-例詞：atrial心房的；sinoatrial竇房的,The circulatory system,3、心室ventric

24、le：詞根：ventricul(o)-例詞：ventricular心室的； interventricular室間的4、瓣膜valve：詞根：valvul(o)-例詞：valvular瓣膜的,The circulatory system,5、血管vessel：詞根：vas(o)-,angi(o)-例詞：vasculitis血管炎； angiography血管造影6

25、、動脈artery：詞根：arteri(o)-例詞：arteriography動脈造影； arteritis動脈炎,The circulatory system,7、靜脈vein：詞根：ven(o)-,phleb(o)-例詞：venous靜脈的；phlebitis靜脈炎8、主動脈aorta：詞根：aort(o)-例詞：aortitis主動脈炎；aortic主動脈的,The circulatory s

26、ystem,9、毛細血管capillary：詞根：capillar(o)-例詞：postcapillary后毛細血管； 10、脈搏pulse:詞根：puls(o)-,sphygm(o)-例詞：pulse脈搏；sphygmogram脈搏圖,Practice,Acute myocardial infarctionPrimary coronary stentingAngioplastyPros

27、pective studyIntracoronary stent,急性心肌梗死冠狀動脈主支架術血管成形術前瞻性研究冠狀動脈內支架,Abbreviations,AFBPCathCCUCHDCHF,CVPDVTECCHDLLDL,Abbreviations,AF：atrial fibrillationBP: blood pressureCath: catheterizationCCU: coronary c

28、are unitCHD: coronary heart diseaseCHF: congestive heart failure,Abbreviations,CVP: central venous pressureDVT: deep venous thrombosisECC: extracorporeal circulationHDL: high-density lipoproteinLDL: low-density lip

29、oprotein,The digestive system,This system comprises all organs which have to do with taking in food and converting the useful parts of it into substances that the body cells can use .Examples of these organs are the mout

30、h, the teeth ,and the alimentary tract.,The digestive system,1、咽throat：詞根：pharyng(o)-例詞：pharyngitis咽炎2、胃stomach：詞根：gastr(o)-,stomach(o)-例詞：gastritis胃炎；stomachache胃痛,The digestive system,3、腸intestine：詞根：enter（o）-例

31、詞：enteritis腸炎；entercele腸膨出4、消化digestion：詞根：peps(o)-,-gest(o)-例詞：dyspepsia消化不良；digestion消化,The digestive system,5、膽囊gallbladder：詞根：cholecyst(o)-例詞：cholecystitis膽囊炎；6、肝liver:詞根：hepat(o)-例詞：hepatitis肝炎；hepatocyte肝細

32、胞,The digestive system,7、闌尾appendix：詞根：appendic(o)-例詞：appendicular闌尾的； appendicitis闌尾炎,Practice,HypoplasiaLeft hepatic lobeGallbladder,發(fā)育不全左肝葉膽囊,The urinary system,This is also called the excretory

33、system. Its main components are the kidneys, the ureters, the bladder and the urethra. Its purpose is to filter out and rid of the body of certain waste products taken by the blood from the cells.,The urinary system,1、尿u

34、rine:詞根：urin(o)-,ur(o)-例詞：urine尿；hematuria血尿2、腎kidney：詞根：ren(o)-,nephr(o)-例詞：suprarenal腎上的；nephritis腎炎3、輸尿管ureter:詞根：ureter(o)-例詞：ureteric輸尿管的； ureterocele輸尿管膨出,The urinary system,4、膀胱bladder詞根：vesic

35、(o)-,cyst(o)-例詞：vesical膀胱的；cystitis膀胱炎5、尿道urethra:詞根：urethr(o)-,meat(o)-例詞：urethritis尿道炎；,The urinary system,6、睪丸testis:詞根：test(o)-,testicul(o)-,orchid(o)-, orchid(o)-,didym(o)-例詞：ovotestis卵睪體；

36、 orchitis睪丸炎 epididymis隱睪,The urinary system,7、前列腺prostate：詞根：prostat(o)-例詞：prostatic前列腺的；prostatitis前列腺炎8、腎盂renal pelvis:詞根：pelvi(o)-,pyel(o)-例詞： pyelonephritis腎盂腎炎,Practice,Transitional cell carci

37、nomaChronic renal failureHemodialysis Invasive bladder cancerRenal pelvic tumor,移行細胞癌慢性腎衰血透侵襲性膀胱癌腎盂腫瘤,Abbreviations,ADHARFCRFIVPUAUTIcysto,Abbreviations,ADH: antidiuretic hormoneARF: acute renal failureCR

38、F: chronic renal failureIVP: intravenous pyelogramUA: urinalysisUTI: urinary tract infectioncysto: cystoscopic examination,The endocrine system,A few scattered organs know as endocrine glands produce special substanc

39、es called hormones, which regulates such body functions as growth, food utilization within the cells ,and reproduction. Examples of endocrine glands are the thyroid and the pituitary glands .,The endocrine system,1、分泌sec

40、retion：詞根：crin(o)-,secret(o)-例詞：endocrine內分泌；secretive分泌的2、腺gland:詞根：aden(o)-例詞：adenoma腺瘤；adenocarcinoma腺癌3、下丘腦hypothalamus：詞根：hypothalam(o)-例詞：hypothalamus下丘腦； hypothalamic下丘腦的,The endocrine syst

41、em,4、垂體pituitary：詞根：pitui-, hypophys-例詞：pituitary垂體；hypophyseal垂體的5、松果體的pineal：詞根：pineal(o)-例詞：parapineal松果體旁的； pinealoma松果體瘤6、甲狀腺thyroid：詞根：thyr(o)-例詞：thyroiditis甲狀腺炎；thyroxine甲狀腺素,The endocrine

42、system,7、性腺gonad：詞根：gonad(o)-例詞：gonadal性腺的8、鈣calcium：詞根：calc(i)-例詞：calcification鈣化9、皮質cortex：詞根：cortic(o)-例詞：corticosterone皮質酮； corticosteroid皮質類固醇,The endocrine system,10、胸腺thymus：詞根：thym(o)-例詞

43、：thymosin胸腺素； thymocyte胸腺細胞11、葡萄糖glucose：詞根：gluc(o)-例詞：glucocorticoids糖皮質激素,Practice,PerturbationCortisolEstrogenGrowth hormonethyroid,紊亂皮質醇雌激素生長激素甲狀腺的,Abbreviations,BMRGTTHGHFBSTFT,Abbrevia

44、tions,BMR: basal metabolic rateGTT: glucose tolerance testHGH: human growth hormoneFBS: fasting blood sugarTFT: thyroid function test,The nervous system,The brain ,the spinal cord and the nerves all make up this very

45、 complex system by which all parts of the body are controlled and coordinated. The organs of special sense, sometimes classed as a separate sensory system, together with the sense of touch ,receive stimuli from the outsi

46、de world, which are then converted into impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain determines to a great extent the body’s responses to messages from without and within ,and in it occur such higher functions a

47、s memory and reasoning.,1、腦brain：詞根：encephal(o)-例詞：encephalitis腦炎； encephalomyelitis腦脊髓炎2、大腦cerebrum：詞根：cerebr(o)-例詞：cerebrovascular腦血管的,The nervous system,3、小腦cerebellum：詞根：cerebell(o)-例詞：cerebroc

48、erebellum皮層小腦； 4、丘腦thalamus：詞根：thalam(o)-例詞：epithalamus上丘腦；subthalamus底丘腦5、髓質marrow：詞根：medull(o)-例詞：medullary髓質的,The nervous system,The nervous system,6、腦膜、脊膜membrane：詞根：mening(o)-例詞：meningitis腦膜炎；meningocel

49、e脊膜膨出7、腦室ventricle：詞根：ventricul(o)-例詞：intraventricular腦室內的,The nervous system,8、脊柱spine：詞根：spin(o)-例詞：spinal脊柱的；cerebrospinal腦脊的9、運動motor：詞根：-kinesia例詞：bradykinesia運動遲緩； hyperkinesia運動過多10、軸、軸突a

50、xon：詞根：ax(o)-例詞：axonopathy軸突?。籥xplasm軸質,The nervous system,13、迷走vagus：詞根：vag(o)-例詞：vagal迷走的；14、精神、意志mind：詞根：psych(o)-例詞：psychotic精神的；psychiatry精神病學15、神經nerve：詞根：neur(o)-例詞：neuroscience神經科學； neur

51、ology神經病學,The nervous system,16、皮質cortex：詞根：cortic(o)-例詞：corticosteroid皮質類固醇；cortical皮質的17、蛛網膜arachnoid：詞根：arachn(o)-例詞：subarachnoid蛛網膜下； arachnoiditis蛛網膜炎18、錐體pyramid：詞根：pyramid(o)-例詞：pyramidal錐體

52、的；extrapyramidal錐體外的,The nervous system,22、交感神經sympathetic nerve：詞根：sympath(o)-例詞：sympathoblast交感神經細胞23、觀念，理想idea:詞根：ide(o)-例詞：ideal觀念的；idealism理想主義,Practice,EncephalitisSignal intensityUpper ponsBrainstemMagne

53、tic resonance,腦炎信號強度上橋腦腦干磁共振,Abbreviations,CSFCNSCVAEEGICPLP,Abbreviations,CSF: cerebrospinal fluidCNS: central nervous systemCVA: cerebrovascular accidentEEG: electroencephalogramICP: intracranial pressure

54、LP: lumbar puncture,The integumentary system,The word “integument” means “skin”. The skin is considered by some authorities to be a separate body system. It includes the hair, nails ,sweat and oil gland ,and other relate

55、d structures .,1、眼eye:詞根：ocul(o)-;ophthalm(o)-例詞：oculomotor動眼的；ophthalmitis眼炎2、瞼eyelid：詞根：blephar(o)-例詞：blepharitis瞼緣炎； blepharospasm眼瞼痙攣3、睫eyelash：詞根：cycl(o)-例詞：cyclodiathermy睫狀體透熱術,The integumen

56、tary systemSense organs,The integumentary system,5、角膜cornea：詞根：corne(o)-;kerat(o)-例詞：corneal角膜的；keratitis角膜炎6、結膜conjunctiva:詞根：conjunctiv(o)-例詞：conjunctivitis結膜炎；conjunctival結膜的,The integumentary system,7、虹膜iris：

57、詞根：irid(o)-例詞：iridectomy虹膜切除術8、鞏膜sclera：詞根：scler(o)-例詞：scleritis鞏膜炎,The integumentary system,9、視網膜retina：詞根：retin(o)-例詞：retinitis視網膜炎10、皮膚skin：詞根：cut(i)-;derm(o)-;dermat(o)-例詞：subcutaneous皮下的；dermatitis皮炎

58、 dermatosis皮膚病,The integumentary system,11、耳ear：詞根：auri-;auricul(o)-;ot(o)-例詞：auricula耳廓；auris耳； otosclerosis耳硬化15、感覺sensation:詞根：sens(o)-;esthesi(o)-例詞：sensory感覺的；paraesthesia感覺異常,The inte

59、gumentary system,16、視覺、視力vision：詞根：-opia例詞：diplopia復視；myopia近視18、皮脂sebum：詞根：seb(o)-例詞：sebaceous皮脂的,The integumentary system,19、瞳孔pupil:詞根：pupill(o)-例詞：pupillometer瞳孔計；25、聽覺、聽力hearing：詞根：audi(o)-;acou-例詞：audio

60、logy聽力學；acoustic聽的,The integumentary systemSense organs,26、嗅覺、嗅smell：詞根：olfact(o)-;-osm(o)-例詞：olfactory嗅覺的27、味覺taste：詞根：gust(o)-;-geusi(o)-例詞：gustation味覺,Practice,PupilIntracutaneousMyopiaRhinitisRetinal detac

61、hment,瞳孔皮內的近視鼻炎視網膜脫離,Abbreviations,IOPODOSOUVAVF,Abbreviations,IOP: intraocular pressureOD: right eyeOS: left eyeOU: each eye VA: visual acuityVF: visual field,The skeletal and muscular system,The basic fra

62、mework of the body is a system of over 200 bones with their joints. Collectively know as the skeleton.Body movements are due to the action of the muscles which are attached to the bones. Other types of muscles are pres

63、ent in the walls of such organs as the intestine and the heart.,1、肌肉muscle：詞根：muscul(o)-;my(o)-例詞：myoglobin肌紅蛋白2、骨bone：詞根：os-;osse(o)-;oste(o)例詞：ossicles小骨；ossification成骨； osteoblast破骨細胞,The skeleta

64、l and muscular system,3、軟骨cartilage：詞根：chondr(o)-例詞：synchondrosis軟骨結合； chondroma軟骨瘤6、韌帶ligament：詞根：ligament(o)-;syndesm(o)-例詞：ligamentous韌帶的,The skeletal and muscular system,7、骨骼skeleton：詞根：skelet(o

65、)-例詞：skeletal骨骼的8、顱骨skull：詞根：crani(o)-例詞：craniofacial顱面的；craniometer顱骨量器,The skeletal and muscular system,9、盤disk：詞根：disc(o)-例詞：discitis關節(jié)盤炎10、骶骨sacrum：詞根：sacr(o)-例詞：sacroiliac骶髂的,The skeletal and muscular sys

66、tem,11、脊柱、棘spine,rachis：詞根：spin(o)-例詞：spinocerebellum脊髓小腦12、肋骨rib：詞根：costa;cost(o)-例詞：intercostals肋間的； costomediastinal肋縱隔的,The skeletal and muscular system,21、胸骨sternum：詞根：stern(o)-例詞：sternothyro

67、id胸骨甲狀軟骨的 22、樞椎axis：詞根：axi(o)-例詞：axial軸的；axonal軸突的,The skeletal and muscular system,23、尾骨coccyx：詞根：coccy(o)-例詞：coccygeal尾的24、關節(jié)joint：詞根：arthr(o)-例詞：arthritis關節(jié)炎； arthrodesis關節(jié)固定術,

68、The skeletal and muscular system,Practice,Bone marrowMuscleStem cellBone regenerationfemur,骨髓肌肉干細胞骨再生股骨,Abbreviations,IMEMGRAROMSLE,Abbreviations,IM: intramuscularEMG: electromyogramRA: rheumatoid arthritis