語法精講強(qiáng)化系列動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、語法精講強(qiáng)化系列1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),考點(diǎn)1　一般時(shí)態(tài)　★★★★★1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如usually, often, always, sometimes, every day等。*On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.,(2)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。

2、(3)表示按照時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃安排好的或者規(guī)定的行為, 只限于go, come, leave, start, stop, arrive, begin, return, open, close等表示動(dòng)作趨向性或移動(dòng)意義的詞。*My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m.,(4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。*You will surely

3、 succeed if you try your best.,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)This cycle_________ (go)day after day. The walls warm up during the day.,解題關(guān)鍵: 時(shí)間狀語為day after day, 且根據(jù)第二句的warm用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可知此處表示目前的情況, 所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。答案判定: goes,2. 一

4、般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用yesterday, last year, in 1995, the other day等作時(shí)間狀語。*It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.,(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。*He said he would not go if it rained. (3)表達(dá)“原以

5、為/本來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時(shí), know, think, expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。*I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我沒料到會(huì)在這里碰見你。,【辨析】一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別,*They’ve gone to Paris so far. 他們目前已經(jīng)去巴黎了(說明他們現(xiàn)在不在這里)。*They went to Paris last year. 他們?nèi)ツ耆ミ^巴黎(只說明去過,

6、不表明是否現(xiàn)在仍在那里)。,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I______ (arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.,解題關(guān)鍵: 句意: 就在天亮之前我到了陽朔, 天下著小雨。但是我關(guān)心的不是這件事。根據(jù)主句was raining以及第二句話的didn’t可知, 記敘的是過去

7、發(fā)生的事情, 應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。答案判定: arrived,3. 一般將來時(shí)(1)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 即單純的將來事實(shí)。*He will graduate from Beijing University next year. (2)三類表示一般將來時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu): ①be going to do sth. 表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。*Really?You’re going to wal

8、k the dog?,②be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事, 或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。*We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. ③be about to do sth. 表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。*The train is about to leave. 火車即將開出。,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形

9、式填空(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)If you are able to come with us, please let us know and we_________ (wait)for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.,解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)if從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來, 可知主句用will+動(dòng)詞原形表示一般將來時(shí)。答案判定: will wait,【高考題組】單句語法填空/

10、改錯(cuò)1. (2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo __(be)really beautiful. 2. (2015·廣東高考)While making great efforts to run away, she ___(fall)over the hill and died.,is,fell,3. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)We’ll also spend some fun time together

11、 singing, dancing and playing games, which we hope _________(make)them happy. 4. (2015·全國卷Ⅰ)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (改錯(cuò))________________,will make,think改

12、為thought,5. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry. (改錯(cuò))_______________6. (2015·四川高考)As I tell you last time, I made threenew friends here. (改錯(cuò))___________,begun改為began,tell改為told,考點(diǎn)2　進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)　★★★★★1. 現(xiàn)在

13、進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或者表示現(xiàn)階段(at present, this week等)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)(說話時(shí)動(dòng)作不一定進(jìn)行或存在)。*Experts are wondering now if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.,(2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞come, go, leave, get, start, ope

14、n, arrive, begin, return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。*Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for various reasons. (3)現(xiàn)在(或者過去)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與always, constantly, often, forever, continually等副詞連用表示說話者的“贊嘆、厭煩、不滿”等感情色彩。*The girl i

15、s always talking aloud in public.,【辨析】,*He usually writes a lot of letters, but he isn’t writing at present.,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015·北京高考)I　　　(write)to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 解題關(guān)鍵: 此句是書信的

16、開頭語, 強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在正在寫信, 故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定: am writing,2. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。*Now twenty-two years old, he was studying wetlands ecology. He again appeared before the town planning board.,(2)表示過去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

17、*She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. (3)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃、安排在過去將要發(fā)生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí), 也可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去按照計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。*Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.,【辨析】,*I was r

18、eading a novel last night. (可能沒看完)。*I read a novel last night. (已經(jīng)看完)。,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014·全國卷Ⅱ)He_________ (ride) beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver.,解題關(guān)鍵

19、: 根據(jù)句意“他正在公交車旁邊騎著自行車并揮舞著胳膊”, 以及關(guān)鍵詞and waving, 可知ride也應(yīng)該用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與wave并列, 而且根據(jù)第二句的heard可知是發(fā)生在過去, 故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定: was riding,3. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語有: soon, tomorrow, this evening, by this time, in two da

20、ys, tomorrow evening等。*This time next week I’ll be lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine.,【辨析】,*She is sixteen, and will be seventeen next year. *What will you be doing at this time next Monday?,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(

21、2013·江蘇高考)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?—Sure. I　　　(write)a report at home.,解題關(guān)鍵: 由題干中的關(guān)鍵信息詞tomorrow morning可知, 雙方在談?wù)撁魈煸绯康氖虑? 所以答語應(yīng)用將來進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示“明天早晨我將在家寫報(bào)告”。答案判定: will be writing,【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2015&

22、#183;全國卷Ⅰ)And the town ___________(become)a popular weekend destination for people in Asia now. 2. (2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Now I ________(live)in a city, but I miss my home in the countryside.,is becoming,am living,3. (2014&

23、#183;遼寧高考)While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many ___________ (break)the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 4. (2015·北京高考)In the early afternoon, when he ____________(plan)t

24、o go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.,are breaking,was planning,考點(diǎn)3　完成時(shí)態(tài)　★★★★★1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果, 常用的時(shí)間狀語: already, so far, never, just, before, recently等。*Nowadays the cost of a new

25、car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one.,(2)表示過去發(fā)生而持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since, for以及so far, now, today, this week(month, year), for a long time, in the past/last few years, these days等連用。*So far

26、 no further news has been obtained.,(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中, 表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。*Please return the book to me when you have finished it.,【點(diǎn)津】(1)注意牢記以下固定句型: ①It is/has been+時(shí)間段+ since. . . 表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。*It is/has been ten y

27、ears since I graduated from the university. ②This/It/That is the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”, that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。*This is the first time that I have been here.,(2)注意避免思維定勢(shì): 一看到for+時(shí)間段, 就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在

28、完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(一般過去時(shí)), 還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。①Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China. 楊振寧在美國定居多年, 現(xiàn)在他生活在中國。,②Dashan has lived in China for many years. 大山在中國住了許多年。,【典例剖析】用

29、所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls　　　(give)up their heat and are now cold enough.,解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)語境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)“耗盡了熱量后, 現(xiàn)在足夠冷了”, 故give up這一動(dòng)作是截止到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作, 且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響, 故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案判定: have given,2. 過去完成時(shí)(1)表示在

30、過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”之意。常與by, before等介詞短語或狀語從句連用或用于有上下文暗示的句子中。*By the end of last year, we had accomplished the project completely.,(2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未

31、能……)”。*We had expected that you would be able to win the match.,【點(diǎn)津】注意固定句型: ①This/It/That was the first/second/third. . . time that. . . 表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”, that從句中要用過去完成時(shí)。*This was the first time that I had been here

32、. ②hardly. . . when. . . 和no sooner. . . than. . . 兩個(gè)句型中, 主句均用過去完成時(shí)。*Hardly had the match started when we arrived.,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014·山東高考)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than

33、we　　　(expect).,解題關(guān)鍵: 根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞was可知“耗費(fèi)時(shí)間”這一動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 而“預(yù)想時(shí)間”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在“耗費(fèi)時(shí)間”之前, 即expect這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”, 故用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意: 手寫所有的邀請(qǐng)函比我們預(yù)想的更耗時(shí)。答案判定: had expected,【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. (2015·四川高考)People ____________(puzzle)over how

34、 the Egyptians moved such huge rocks for a long time. And there’s no obvious answer.,have puzzled,2. (2015·天津高考)The next day, we got a disappointing message that another buyer __________(offer)a much higher price

35、. 3. (2015·重慶高考)Her family ____________(return) from abroad, and then got a message from the vet.,had offered,had returned,考點(diǎn)4　現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)　★★★1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。*(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)F

36、or days the kids have been looking for others we can help.,(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*I have been calling him many times this morning, but there’s no answer.,【辨析】,①I’ve watched the TV series Nirvana in Fire. (已經(jīng)完成)②I

37、have been watching the TV series Nirvana in Fire these days. (仍在進(jìn)行甚至仍將繼續(xù)),【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Since then—for all these years—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.,解題關(guān)鍵: 關(guān)鍵詞since then提示語境強(qiáng)調(diào)從

38、過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在, 而且本句的時(shí)間狀語是all these years, 通常和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案判定: had改為have,2. 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即過去將來時(shí)是“立足過去, 著眼未來”的一種時(shí)態(tài), 常用于賓語從句中。*The shops would soon close, and all the people would go home.

39、,【典例剖析】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)In the store, I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our friend there _________(appreciate).,解題關(guān)鍵: 由語境可知強(qiáng)調(diào)“他們認(rèn)為我們那里的朋友可能會(huì)喜愛的一些東西”, 同時(shí)由關(guān)鍵詞asked和thought可知是站在過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上展望未來。故用

40、過去將來時(shí)。答案判定: would appreciate,【高考題組】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/改錯(cuò)1. (2014·福建高考)As a result, Isabelle ________________ (receive)blood transfusions(輸血)every 4—6 weeks since she was 11 months old. 2. (2014·天津高考)She _________

41、__________ (volunteer)her time and talents to such enterprises for more than 40 years.,has been,receiving,has been volunteering,3. (2013·福建高考)We ________________(drive)in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting n

42、ow. 4. (2015·天津高考)Just to see what she ________(do), I gently placed one on top of the groundhog’s head. 5. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Tony promised her that this will never happen again. (改錯(cuò))_____________,have been drivi

43、ng,would do,will改為would,考點(diǎn)5　被動(dòng)語態(tài)　★★★1. 不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)系動(dòng)詞類(look, seem, feel, taste, sound, prove, appear等)。(2)表示主語特征的詞(read, wash, write, sell, wear, lock等), 常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。*This kind

44、 of cloth washes easily. 這種布料容易洗。,2. get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語get paid/lost/hurt等。*We get paid every week. 我們按周獲得薪酬。,3. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)在need, want, require, deserve, bear等動(dòng)詞、worth等形容詞的后面, 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義, 其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。*The house

45、 needs repairing/to be repaired. 這房子需要修理。,(2)在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。*The problem is difficult to work out. 這道題很難計(jì)算出。

46、,【典例剖析】單句改錯(cuò)(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.,解題關(guān)鍵: 主語studies和謂語show是邏輯上的主謂(主動(dòng))關(guān)系, 句意強(qiáng)調(diào)“很多研究表明……”, 故應(yīng)該使用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案判定: 去掉been,【高考題組】單句語法填空/改錯(cuò)1. (

47、2015·北京高考)Most of them are extremely delicate and can ___________(damage)by a simple touch. 2. (2015·天津高考)Though pages ___________(turn)slowly, I got the main idea of the story.,be damaged,were turned,3. (20

48、14·天津高考)We won’t start the work until all the preparations ______________(make). 4. (2014·全國卷)Unless some extra money _______ (find), the theatre will close. 5. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Tea in China was traditionall