語法精講強化系列并列句和狀語從句

1、語法精講強化系列6. 并列句和狀語從句,一、并列句1. 并列連詞(1)并列連詞按照在句中的作用可分為: 表并列關系的連詞(and, as well as, both. . . and. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等)、表轉折關系的連詞(but, yet, while等)、表選擇關系的連詞(or, either. . . or. . . 等)、

2、表因果關系的連詞(for, so等)。,*(2013·全國卷Ⅱ)People can either give them as gifts to friends or hang them in their houses.,(2)when和while可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時, 此時突然”; while表示“然而, 而”, 表對比或轉折關系。并列連詞when常用于以下句型中: ①. . . was/were doing.

3、 . . when. . . (……正在做……突然……)②. . . was/were about to do. . . when. . . (……剛要做……突然……),③. . . was/were on the point of doing. . . when. . . (……剛要做……突然……)④. . . had just done. . . when. . . (……剛/一……就……),*The children were

4、 running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motorbike.,2. 祈使句+and/or/otherwise句式(1)祈使句+and+陳述句=if. . . , +主句。*Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to

5、you. =If you find ways to praise your children often, you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.,(2)祈使句+or/otherwise+陳述句=if. . . not. . . , +主句。*Hurry up or we will be late. =If you don’t hurry up, we will be lat

6、e.,【典例剖析】用適當?shù)倪B詞填空(2015·四川高考)West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, 　　 he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.,解題關鍵: 句意: 威斯特雖沒有將他的想法在更大的石頭上試驗, 但他認為滾動運輸比滑動運輸有明顯的優(yōu)勢。答案判定: but,【高考題組】改錯/用適當?shù)倪B詞填空1

7、. (2015·四川高考)In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. (改錯)_________,so改為but,2. (2015·全國卷Ⅰ)There the air is clean or the mountains are green. (改錯)__________3. (2014·

8、;全國卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ____ some of them looked very anxious.,or改為and,and,4. (2014·天津高考)Give me a chance, or I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. (改錯)__________,or改為and,二、狀語從句考點1　讓步狀

9、語從句　★★★★★(1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“雖然(though/although)”就不能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以與yet或still連用; though與although意義相同, 用法基本一樣, 前者通俗, 口語化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。,*Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty i

10、n waking him up.,(2)even if和even though的意思為“即使, 縱使”, 有退一步設想的意味, 多用于書面語中。*Even if the connections were visible, they would remain beyond the understanding of most people.,(3)as引導的讓步狀語從句多用于書面語, 從句常放在句首, 語序部分倒裝。被倒裝的部分可以是表語

11、、狀語或動詞原形。若表語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞, 則該名詞提前時, 省去其前的冠詞。*Tired as they were, they walked on without any rest.,(4)no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 與wh-ever引導的讓步狀語從句意義基本一樣, no matter. . . 引導的從句可位于主句前或主句后。

12、*No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.,(5)wh-ever(whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/whichever); however。①wh-ever從句中的動詞有時可以和may連用; ②wh-ever可引導讓步狀語從句也可引導名詞性從句, no matter. . . 只能引導讓步狀語從句。*

13、To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.,(6)while也可以引導讓步狀語從句, 意為“盡管”, 一般放在句首。*While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also good at basketball.,【典例剖析】單句改錯(2015

14、83;浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.,解題關鍵: 從句意思是“當我在那間教室學習時我只是一個孩子”, 而主句意思是“我永遠不會忘記”, 主從句的關系應該是讓步, 而不是條件。答案判定: If改為Although或者Though,考點2　時間狀語從句　★★★★(1)when指的是“某一具體的時間”,

15、 從句中謂語是延續(xù)性動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞。*When we handed him the bag of food, he lit up and thanked us with watery eyes.,(2)whenever指的是“在任何一個不具體的時間”。*You can ask for help whenever you need it. (3)while指“在某一段時間里”, “在……期間”, while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性

16、的。*While he was watching Nirvana in Fire, his deskmate learned all the new words by heart.,(4)as(一邊……一邊)引導持續(xù)性動作, 強調主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。*He hurried home, looking behind as he went. (5)before意為“在……之前, 在……之后才, 不等……就”。*The girl

17、 had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.,(6)after意為“在……之后”。*Several years after they’d split up they met again by chance in Beijing.,(7)till/until: 如果主句動詞是延續(xù)

18、性動詞, 常用肯定式, 表示“直到……為止”; 如果主句動詞是瞬間性動詞, 要用否定式, 表示“直到……才”“在……以前不”, 從句放在句首表示強調, 一般用until。*I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in the fall.,(8)since引導的時間狀語從句用一般過去時, 謂語通常是短暫性動詞, 主句用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。*I have bee

19、n teaching here since I left college.,(9)as soon as/hardly. . . when/no sooner. . . than/the moment/the instant/the second/immediately/directly/instantly: hardly. . . when和no sooner. . . than的意義相當于as soon as, 但只表示過去發(fā)生的事

20、情, 主句為過去完成時, 從句為過去時, 如hardly或no sooner位于句首時語氣強, 而且主句的謂語要用部分倒裝。,*Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one as soon as it becomes available.,(10)every time/each time/last time/next time/by the

21、 time: 在時間狀語從句中, 不能用一般將來時或過去將來時, 而要用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時代替將來時。*Next time you come here, I will tell you.,【點津】時間狀語從句的3個重點句型(1)It will be. . . before. . . 過多久才……*It will be long before they come back. 他們很久才能回來。,(2)It won’t be. .

22、 . before. . . 不久就……*John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job. (3)It is/has been. . . since. . . 自從……以來……時間,注意: since引導的從句如果用瞬間性動詞, 表示的時間是從謂語動作算起; 如果用延續(xù)性動詞表示的時間是從動作或狀態(tài)的結束算起。,*It has been a decade

23、 since he joined the club. 他加入這個俱樂部已10年了。(從加入俱樂部后算起)*It is two years and a half since he was an ambassador to France. 他不擔任駐法大使已兩年半了。(從不再擔任駐法大使算起),【典例剖析】單句改錯(2013·全國卷Ⅰ)He even scared my classmates away during they

24、 came over to play or do homework with me.,解題關鍵: during是介詞, 不能引導狀語從句, when是連詞, 可以引導狀語從句, 從句中的動詞既可以是短暫性動詞也可以是延續(xù)性動詞。此處需要表示時間的連詞, 所以用when。答案判定: during改為when,【高考題組】用適當?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2014·全國卷Ⅰ)___ more and more people speak

25、the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. 2. (2014·浙江高考)______ I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted somethi

26、ng, I should save money to buy it.,As,When,3. (2014·遼寧高考)Stare at him _____ he gets aware of it and quiets down. 4. (2013·上海高考)They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, ________ di

27、fficulty they might have.,until,whatever,考點3　地點狀語從句和條件狀語從句　★★★1. 地點狀語從句?？疾? (1)where與wherever意義基本相同, 但后者語氣較強, 多用于書面語。*Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.,(2)地點狀語從句在句首時常兼

28、有抽象條件意味。*Where there’s a will, there’s a way.,【點津】where引導的狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別where引導地點狀語從句直接修飾主句的謂語動詞, 而在定語從句中where作為關系副詞要跟在表示地點的先行詞后面, 即此時有明顯的地點名詞。*When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful where

29、you made a mistake. =When solving the problem a second time, you’d better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.,2. 條件狀語從句常用引導詞: if/unless/as long as/so long as/in case/so far as/as far as。(1)unless從句的謂

30、語只能用肯定式; unless和if. . . not同義, unless是書面語, if. . . not是口語, 二者通?？梢該Q用。*The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mother tells him a story.,(2)條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)在時或過去時代替一般將來時或過去將來時。*So long as you work hard, you will

31、succeed.,【典例剖析】用適當?shù)倪B詞填空(2014·重慶高考)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi　　　the bus had dropped her. 解題關鍵: 把握所填空前后的關系, 從couldn’t get a taxi與the bus had dropped her的邏輯關系上看應表示地點。答案判定: where,【高考題組】用適當?shù)倪B詞填

32、空1. (2014·遼寧高考)__ you don’t mind, I’ll stop and takea deep breath. 2. (2014·湖南高考)You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.,If,unless,3. (2013·上海高考)I cannot hear the profess

33、or clearly as there is too much noise ______ I am sitting.,where,考點4　其他狀語從句　★★1. 目的狀語從句(1)so that/in order that引導的目的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動詞can, could等。*The police officers in our city work hard in order that the rest of us can l

34、ive a safe life.,(2)in order that引導的從句可位于主句之前或之后, so that引導的從句只能位于主句之后。(3)for fear that(唯恐, 以防)與in case所引導的目的狀語從句中, 謂語動詞有時也用should/might/could+動詞原形。*The boy hid himself behind the tree for fear that his father might se

35、e him. *Take your umbrella in case it should rain.,【點津】in case當“萬一, 如果”講時, 引導條件狀語從句。*In case that he leaves, please inform me.,(4)目的狀語從句可以用so as to, in order to等代替, 但主句和從句的主語必須一致。*He got up early in order that he coul

36、d catch the early bus. =He got up early so as to/in order to catch the early bus.,2. 結果狀語從句(1)so that前有逗號, 引導結果狀語從句。*We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. (2)so. . . that中so后面跟形容詞或副詞。*He was so ex

37、cited that he couldn’t say a word.,(3)such. . . that中such后面跟名詞, 如果名詞是單數(shù)就要用such a/an. . . that, 還可以轉換用so. . . that, 語氣較強。*Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him. =Jack is such an honest worker that we all be

38、lieve him.,3. 原因狀語從句(1)because用來回答why的提問, 語氣最強, 一般放在主句之后。*The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. (2)since表示既然或已知的理由, 稍加分析即可表明的原因, 多放在句首。*Since everyone is here, let

39、’s begin our meeting.,(3)as引導的從句常放在句首, 說明次要的原因, 主句說明結果, 常用于口語中(注意比較: for連接的是并列句)。*As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.,considering that, seeing that, now that和since意義相似, 都有“鑒于某個事實”的意思

40、, that可以省去。*He finished his task very well, considering that it was quite different. 鑒于這項任務相當特殊, 他完成得很不錯。,4. 方式狀語從句(1)as引導狀語從句, 意為“按照”。*Do as you are told to. (2)as if或as though的意義和用法基本一樣; 從句中可以用陳述語氣表示可能符合事實, 也可以用虛擬

41、語氣表示與事實相反。*Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.,5. 比較狀語從句(1)as. . . as; not so/as. . . as; the same. . . as表示同程度級的比較, 肯定句用as. . . as, 否定句可用not as. . . as或no

42、t so. . . as。*He doesn’t run so/as fast as Jack(does).,(2)than表示不同程度的比較, 主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級。*He runs less fast than me. 他跑得不如我快。,【典例剖析】單句改錯(2014·浙江高考)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born such that she could s

43、tay home and raise her family.,解題關鍵: 由關鍵信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知, stay home and raise her family是辭職的目的。so that引導目的狀語從句。答案判定: such改為so,【高考題組】用適當?shù)倪B詞填空1. (2015·全國卷Ⅱ)The set worked so beautiful

44、ly when I first got it home ____ I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.,that,2. (2014·北京高考)_____ this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a prize, too. 3. (2014·江蘇高考)He