e-commerce readiness for smes in developing countriesa guide for development professionals【外文翻譯】

1、0本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文文獻原文外文文獻原文ECommerceECommerceReadinessReadinessffSMEsSMEsininDevelopingDevelopingCountries:ACountries:AGuideGuideffDevelopmentDevelopmentProfessionalsProfessionalsMaterial：LearnlinkAcademyfEducation

2、alDevelopmentAuth：JudithE.PayneExecutiveSummary:Despitethelossesofsomanybusinessestwoyearsagowhenthedotcombubbleburstnoseriousbusinessanalystdisagreesthatelectroniccommerceissteadilytransfminghowbusinessisdonehencechangi

3、ngthebusinessenvironmentglobally.Businesseseverywhereneedtounderstifwhenhowtouseelectroniccommerce.Indeedinsomeindustriesbusinessesarelearningnowthatthisisnolongeranoptiontoconsiderbutarequirementfsurvival.Thereachoftheu

4、nderlyinginfmationcommunicationtechnologies(ICT)makingelectroniccommercepossibleisalsocausingunprecedentedglobalizationofbusiness.Businessesindevelopingcountrieswillsoonbeaffectedassignificantlyasthoseelsewhere.Policymak

5、ersadvocatesaroundthewldarewkingtoaddressthisgrowingdigitaldivide.Smallmediumenterprises(SMEs)arecriticaltotheeconomiesofallcountriesincludingdevelopingones.Theycannotbeleftbehindmanyarealreadydemonstratingtheirentrepren

6、eurialstrengthbygraspingopptunitiesofferedbyelectroniccommerce.ItisnowtimetomesystematicallyoffertheopptunitiesofelectroniccommercetoSMEsindevelopingcountriesusingappropriatetechnologiesapplicationssothattheanecdotesnolo

7、ngertelloftheexceptionsbutillustrateanacceleratingtrend.IntroductionTheuseoftheInteralongwitharangeofotherinfmationcommunicationstechnologies(ICT)istransfminghowbusinessisdonelocallyglobally.Theeffectsaresometimesdramati

8、cindevelopedcountries.Thereareevenagrowingnumberof2commercecouldbetermedebusiness.Thisbroaddefinitionincludestransactingbusinessexchangingbusinessrelatedinfmationbetween:(1)B2C:businessconsumers(theircustomers)(2)B2B:bus

9、inesstobusinesse.g.whereonebusinessbuyssuppliesfromanotherbuysproductstoresale.(3)G2B:businessestogovernmentwhereperhapsbusinessesconducttransactionselectronicallywithgovernmentregardingvariousbusinesslicensingreptingreq

10、uirementswherebusinessessellproductsservicestogovernments.Theepartofthedefinitionwealsobroadlydefinegiventhevariationsintechnicaltelecommunicationsinfrastructureindevelopingcountries.WewillincludetheuseoftheInterwebsites

11、poweredbycomputersbutalsotheuseofradiomobilephones(sometimesusedinwhatisreferredtoasmcommerce)voiceoverIPCDROMsevencomputerapplicationswithnotelecommunicationscomponent.Allofthesecanarebeingusedininnovativewaysbybusiness

12、esindevelopingcountries.Onefinalpointrelatedtodefinitions:Thedefinitionencompassesbothdomesticinternationalbusiness.SMEsmayfindbeneficialwaystouseecommercetoenhancerelationshipswiththeirdomesticcustomerssuppliersaswellas

13、internationally.WhyPrepareSME’sinDevelopingCountriesfeCommerceWhyFocusonSmallMediumEnterprisesThispaperfocusesonsmallmediumenterprisesftwokeyreasons.Firsttheyareimptanttoeconomicdevelopmentindevelopingcountries.PertheUni

14、tedNationsConferenceonTradeDevelopmentSMEsaccountf60to70percentofallemploymentindevelopingcountries.Clearlyitiscriticalfsuchbusinessestobepreparedftakefulladvantageofanybenefitsofferedbyelectroniccommerce.Thesecondreason

15、tofocusonSMEsisthattheyareinaverygoodpositiontoadapttonewtechnologytheymaybeabletoadaptfasterthanlargercompaniesthatcanbeslowedbybureaucracystricterstaffinghierarchies.Ecommerceitmayofferthemcomparativelymeadvantagestofi