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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯原文:原文:PoliticalEconomyofGovernmentInterventionintheFreeMarketSystemFreeMarketMarketFailureThetheyoflaissezfaireeconomicsispredicatedontheidealizedcompetitivemodelwheremarketexchangeisbasedonthefundamentalpr
2、inciplesofexclusionrevealedpreferences(Allan1971)freeflowofinfmationselfregulatingmechanisms.Thetheyofmarketfailuresuggeststhatinasituationwherecompanieshavepowertofixpriceslimitcompetitionconsumerslacktheinfmationneeded
3、tothebestproductsmarketexchangesaffectpeoplewhoarenotpartytothetransactionthestructureofanindustryblocksnewfirmsfromenteringbusiness(Lehne2006)marketallocationsresultininequitiesinthedistributionofincomewealthwhenamarket
4、failurehasoccurred.Therefegovernmentcanputinplaceanappropriateinstitutionalregulatyframewktocrectit.Thenieenthcenturywasacterizedbythe“marketsociety”thatresultedfromtheliberalselfregulatingstate(Polanyi1957p.250)byprinci
5、plesofeconomicliberalismrootedinthebeliefthatcompetitionprovidedadequatebasisfthemarkettoprovidesufficientwealthwithoutsystematicstateintervention(Galbraith1970p.50).TheendofWldWarIsawtheendofthemarketsocietyclassicallib
6、eralismgavewaytosocialistwelfareconcernsfgrowthemploymentredistribution(Polanyi1957Ruggie1983)aswellasinterventionistinstitutionsaimedatmacroeconomicstabilizationfthepurposeofmaintainingincomeemployment(Gallarotti2000).T
7、heGreatDepressionofthe1930sstronglyreinfcedthemacroeconomicinterventionistpostureofthestateincapitalistnationsduetoanunprecedentedsocialtoputinplacetheneededinstitutionalsafeguardscontrolstoguardagainsttheexcessesofinter
8、ventiontodetectcrectanyanomaliestopreventthemfromgeneratingintoeconomicsocialcrisis.Astheeconomiesofthewesternstatesplungedintorecessionthereweremassivedecreasesingovernmentrevenueswhichresultedinmountingbudgetdeficits(K
9、ethineni1991)fcingthestatetoreducepublicexpenditureonwelfareactivitiestherebywideningthegapbetweentherichthepo.ConsequentlythepostwareuphiaofKeynesianismcouldnotlastfmethanthreedecadesasthearrivalofstagflationalloverWest
10、erncapitalistwldinthe1970sthrewKeynesianeconomicsintodisarraythewelfarestatelostitsideologicalaswellasmaterialbases.ThelessonsfromtheresultsofKeynesianinterventionists’policiesarethatalthoughthegovernmenthasimptantrolest
11、oplayinaneconomyunrestrainedineffectivelyplannedinterventionistpoliciescouldleadtogovernmentfailure.Ineffectthecapitaliststatesfailedtorecognizetheproblemsinherentingovernmentprovisiontaxationsubsidizationregulationofgoo
12、dsservices.Amonopolisticenvironmentmakesgovernmentprovisioninefficientsubsidiesleadtolessthanefficientdemfgoodsservices.Highertaxesreducedisposableincomeincentivestowkillthoughtoutregulationstiflesinitiativesinnovation(L
13、ehne2006).Fthesereasonsthereistheneedfpolicymakerstoensurethatthemarginalsocialcostsofinterventionistpoliciesdonotexceedthemarginalsocialbenefits.TheCurrentGlobalEconomicCrisisPolicyImplicationsWiththediscreditofKeynesia
14、nismlaissezfaireeconomicsgainedanewimpetusremetamphosedintoneoclassicalmoarismwiththecallfcutsingovernmentspendingonsocialservicesprivatizationnewpublicmanagementliberalizedfinancialmarketstaxconcessiontotherichthefreepl
15、ayofthemarketfcesintheeconomy(Brown1984).TheneoliberalsarguedftheimptationofmarketmechanismsintothepublicarenatheirNewPublicManagementalliesarguedthatleanpublicagencieswillberesponsivetocitizencustomers(Osbne&Gaebler1992
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