挖掘機操作知識

1、挖掘機操作知識Excavator operator knowledge,Table of contents,,一、挖掘機安全標(biāo)貼 Safety decals of excavator二、挖掘機操作注意事項 Operator notice of excavator三、挖掘機操作基礎(chǔ) Operator Basics of excavator,3,“NOTICE and CAUTION”: 這個詞表示潛在的

2、危險，如果不避免將會導(dǎo)致輕微或中等程度的傷害。 “NOTICE and CAUTION”: This word denote the potential danger, and that minor to medium degree of injuries would be caused if failure；“WARNING”:這個詞表示潛在的危險，如果不避免將會導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴重的人身傷害。 “WARNING”: This wo

3、rd denote the potential danger, and that death or serious would be caused if failure；,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,4,“DANGER”:這個詞表示即刻出現(xiàn)的危險，如果不避免將會導(dǎo)致死亡或嚴重的人身傷害。 “DANGER”: This word denote the impendent danger, and that death or ser

4、ious would be caused if failure；“NOTICE and CAUTION”也用于提示提防可能導(dǎo)致人身傷害的不安全操作的有關(guān)安全事項 “NOTICE and CAUTION” is also used to indicate the safety information relating to unsafe operations which may cause personal injuries.,安全

5、標(biāo)貼Safety decal,5,此標(biāo)貼張貼于發(fā)動機機罩上Located near the engine hood lift switch,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,6,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,7,此標(biāo)貼張貼于蓄能器旁的液壓油箱上Located on the hydrau

6、lic tank,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,8,該標(biāo)貼張貼于行走架履帶張緊裝置黃油嘴處Located near the track takeup valve,此標(biāo)貼張貼于水散熱器上部Located near the coolant filler cap,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,9,此安全標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in th

7、e cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,10,此安全標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,11,此標(biāo)貼位于蓄電池附近Located near the battery,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,12,此標(biāo)貼位于液壓油箱上Located on the hydraulic tank,此標(biāo)貼位于燃油箱上Located on the fuel oil ta

8、nk,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,13,此標(biāo)貼位于燃油箱上Located on the fuel oil tank,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,14,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室內(nèi)右側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,15,此標(biāo)貼位于蓄電池附近Located near the batter,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,16,此標(biāo)貼張貼于工具箱外右側(cè)Located ne

9、ar the boarding gate,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,17,始終保持逃生錘放置在駕駛室內(nèi)部。Always keep escape hammer placed inside the cab.注意：如果駕駛室門打不開，采用以下方法脫離：Caution: If you can not open the cab door, get out of the cab using the following methods

10、:1. 打開前窗，從前窗脫離 Open the front window and to go out;,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛室后側(cè)玻璃上Located in the cab,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,18,2.如果打開前窗比較困難，用錘子打破玻璃脫離If you open the front window is difficult, to break the glass with a hammer and out.3.如

11、果不能從前窗脫離，用錘子打破后窗玻璃脫離If you can not go past the front window, to break the rear window with a hammer and out,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,19,注意：機器操作時請遠離機器Caution: keep clear of machine during operation,此標(biāo)貼張貼于斗桿左右側(cè)板上Located on the

12、 arm,此標(biāo)貼張貼于配重后部Located on the counterweight,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,20,此標(biāo)貼張貼于發(fā)動機導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩上Located near the engine fan,注意：當(dāng)發(fā)動機風(fēng)扇停止運轉(zhuǎn)后才可對風(fēng)扇及導(dǎo)風(fēng)罩進行維修Caution: keep clear of or stop engine before servicing,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,21,此標(biāo)貼張貼于駕駛

13、室內(nèi)切斷閥旁左扶手箱上Located on the left arm,注意：在駕駛室內(nèi)休息或整機停止動作較長時間時，需將切斷閥關(guān)閉，防止手臂及腳不小心碰到手先導(dǎo)、腳先導(dǎo)。離開駕駛室前必須確保切斷閥為關(guān)閉狀態(tài)Caution: To prevent the arms or legs hit the hand pilot, foot pilot accidentally, you must close shut-off valve w

14、hen you have a rest in the cab or stop the machine for a long time. You must ensure that shut-off valve is turned off before leaving the cab .,安全標(biāo)貼Safety decal,Table of contents,,一、挖掘機安全標(biāo)貼 Safety decals of excavator

15、二、挖掘機操作注意事項 Operator notice of excavator三、挖掘機操作基礎(chǔ) Operator Basics of excavator,23,油、水檢查 Check oil、 water 逐個地檢查液壓油位、發(fā)動機冷卻水箱水位、發(fā)動機機油油位和回轉(zhuǎn)馬達齒輪油油位是否處于正常位置，如不是須增加或減少油或水使其達到正常位置。 Check hydraulic oil level

16、,coolant level ,the oil level of the Engine and the swing reduction gear oil is in normal position，If it is not, must increase or reduce it to its normal position.,1.操作前注意事項 Notice before operate the excavator,24,在柴油和

17、機油處嚴禁煙火 Fireworks is strictly prohibited機油、防凍液、特別是柴油屬于高度易燃物，所以不要讓煙火接近機器。Engine oil, coolant ,especially diesel oil are highly inflammable materials，so don't let fireworks near machine.添加柴油之前要先關(guān)閉發(fā)動機。Turn off t

18、he engine before adding diesel.,1.操作前注意事項 Notice before operate the excavator,25,上下機器 Getting on or off the machine上下機器時，面向機器，使用扶手及腳踏，要保持與整機三點接觸。Face the machine when getting on or off the machine, use handrails

19、and pedal ，touch at three points simultaneously to ensure stability of the body.不要抓握控制桿Prohibit grip pilot control rod.檢查并清潔扶手、踏板Check and clean the handrails, pedal.,1.操作前注意事項 Notice before operate the excavator,

20、檢查障礙物 Check the obstacles依次檢查整機上、下、左、右、前、后，及時將雜物、工具及障礙物清除。Check the machine in turn, down, left, right, front, back, remove debris, tools and obstacles promptly.,1.操作前注意事項 Notice before operate the excavator,確認車

21、體方向 Confirm the direction of the body左、右、前、后方向是由駕駛室在前，行走馬達在后決定的Left, right, front and rear direction is determined by facing the front of the cab, travel motors are in the rear of the machine.,1.操作前注意事項 Notice be

22、fore operate the excavator,檢查照明系統(tǒng) Check lighting system晚上操縱整機時，檢查所有照明設(shè)備，確保照明系統(tǒng)完好Control machine at night, check all lighting equipment to ensure lighting system are good ;,28,啟動前按喇叭警示 Press the horn to warn befor

23、e starting 啟動前按響喇叭以警告機器周圍的人員 。 Press the horn to warn personnel around the machine before starting.,讓其他人遠離機器 Let other people away from the machine嚴禁除操作者外其他人爬上整機，因為這樣做會導(dǎo)致嚴重的傷害。It is strictly prohibited other tha

24、n the operator who climbed up the machine, because it would result in serious injury.,2.啟動時注意事項 Notice when you start excavator,29,啟動發(fā)動機 Start engine柴油機起動前，鑰匙開關(guān)先打到“START ”檔，發(fā)動機第一次沒有順利啟動，請稍等15秒鐘后再啟動，連續(xù)三次啟動不成功需等待2分鐘

25、后再啟動。如每次停機后都存在此問題，必須排除故障。Before starting the engine, first turn the key switch to "START" position, if the engine haven’t started smoothly one time, please wait 15 seconds and then start again, if three cons

26、ecutive unsuccessful start occur, then wait for 2 minutes to start again. If every time after shutdown the engine will meet start engine problem, you must do troubleshoot.,2.啟動時注意事項 Notice when you start excavator,30,

27、通過啟動電機通電運轉(zhuǎn)以帶動發(fā)動機起動時，啟動過程持續(xù)1～5秒。發(fā)動機起動后立即放松鑰匙，為避免起動器的損壞,每次操作馬達起動器不可超過10秒。若啟動時間持續(xù)過長，將有可能燒壞啟動電機。Start motor is driving the engine start to run, the start process lasted from 1 to 5 seconds. Release key immediately after the

28、 engine starts to run, to avoid damage the starter, each operation must not exceed 10 seconds. If the start-up time continued too long, will the start motor may burn.,2.啟動時注意事項 Notice when you start excavator,31,啟動時怠速

29、暖機 Idle warm-start發(fā)動機起動后不應(yīng)立即加大油門，在天氣冷時要怠速運行3～5分鐘，對發(fā)動機進行預(yù)熱，再逐漸加大油門。這樣將防止因發(fā)動機燃燒不充分導(dǎo)致的在燃燒室缸壁積碳。Should not immediately accelerate engine at high speed, after start the engine let engine throttle in the idle when runni

30、ng 3 to 5 minutes to warm up the engine, and then gradually increase the throttle. This will prevent the engine due to incomplete combustion carbon in the combustion chamber cylinder sleeve.,2.啟動時注意事項 Notice when you

31、start excavator,32,起動后要熱機To warm the engine properly after starting,啟動后檢查機油壓力 Check the engine oil pressure after startup挖掘機啟動后，檢查監(jiān)控器機油壓力顯示，整機須在啟動15秒內(nèi)建立起機油壓力，若15秒后機油壓力還未建立，則應(yīng)立即關(guān)閉發(fā)動機。在排除故障之前不要起動發(fā)動機。Excavator starte

32、d, check the oil pressure on monitor display, the machine must to establish oil pressure within 15 seconds after start, if oil pressure has not been established after 15 seconds , immediately turn off the engine. Do no

33、t start the engine before troubleshooting.,2.啟動時注意事項 Notice when you start excavator,33,挖掘機起動后，禁止人員從工作裝置下部通過； After the excavator starts, forbids the personnel to pass from the work attachment;,機器長距離行走，支重輪、托鏈輪內(nèi)部

34、由于長時間旋轉(zhuǎn)，產(chǎn)生高溫，行走馬達需位于整機后邊。行走時，須經(jīng)常停車冷卻。這可以改善輪子內(nèi)部的潤滑，并能延長下部車體的壽命。 If machine travel a long distances, upper track roller, lower track roller will create high temperature through rotating for long time, running the motor mu

35、st be located behind the machine. Traveling with frequent stopping cooling can improve the lubrication of the roller, and can prolong the service life of the undercarriage.,長途行走時，請每行走20分鐘休息5分鐘，以免損壞行走馬達。Long distance tr

36、aveling , traveling 20 minutes, stop for every 5 minutes in order to avoid damage to the motor running.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,34,高轉(zhuǎn)速時確認自動怠速功能 High-speed automatic idle function confirmed在自動怠

37、速功能開著時，必須密切注意發(fā)動機控制旋扭的設(shè)定。當(dāng)發(fā)動機控制旋扭的設(shè)定速度高時，如果操作者沒有注意高的發(fā)動機速度設(shè)定就操作操縱桿，發(fā)動機速度的突然增大會引起機器的加速運動，有可能導(dǎo)致人員的嚴重受傷。When the automatic idle function working, you must pay high attention to the engine throttle switch setting. When the en

38、gine speed throttle switch set at high speed, if the operator does not notice the high engine speed is set, and to operate the joystick, the engine speed of the machine will cause a sudden increase of acceleration, and t

39、he suddenly motion of machine may result in serious injury.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,35,,絕對不要試圖橫穿坡度大于15度的斜坡，防止機器側(cè)翻。 Never attempt to cross slope greater than 15 degrees slope, to prevent the machi

40、ne over roll.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,36,防止倒車和回轉(zhuǎn)時的受傷事故The prevention of reverse traveling and swing hitting accident injuries 不要讓其他人接近整機的行走或旋轉(zhuǎn)區(qū)域Do not let other people walking near the machine

41、or rotary area.如果操作區(qū)域危險或視線不良時，必須另外有人指揮方向。If the operating area dangerous or poor visibility, must also command the operate by some people.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,37,與高壓電線保持安全距離 Keeping a sa

42、fe distance from high voltage wires 在電線附近操作時，不可把機器的任何部分或負載靠近電線。濕地將增大人員可能觸電的范圍。讓周圍人員遠離作業(yè)區(qū)。 When operation near the wire, not to let any part of the machine or the load close to the wire. Wetlands will increase

43、the range of personnel may shock. Let those around away from the work area.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,38,小心廠房等高架設(shè)施 Care factories and other facilities 如果機器的工作裝置或其它部分撞到廠房頂部等高架物，機器和高架物都會損壞，還可能造

44、成人員受傷；小心防止動臂或斗桿與廠房頂部等高架物相撞。 If the machine's work attachment or other parts of the plant hit the top of the other elevated objects, objects which can damage the machine and elevated, and may cause injury; care

45、to prevent the boom or bucket at the top bar and plant materials such as overhead collision.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,39,操作時關(guān)注整機報警 Concerns the alarm of machine when operation 挖掘機操作過程中，若監(jiān)控器發(fā)出報警聲，則

46、應(yīng)立即關(guān)閉發(fā)動機，然后將電鎖開至“ON”檔，通過監(jiān)控器檢查故障記錄，確定報警聲音來源（機油壓力報警、液壓油溫報警、冷卻液水溫報警、冷卻液水位報警），并找相應(yīng)人員對其進行處理。在排除故障之前不要起動發(fā)動機。 When excavator operating, if the monitor alarm sound, they should immediately turn off the engine, and then open the

47、 electric lock to "ON" position, check the fault information on monitor to determine the source of the alarm sound (engine oil pressure alarm, hydraulic oil temperature alarm , coolant temperature warning, coo

48、lant water level alarm), and find the appropriate staff to process it. Do not start the engine before troubleshooting.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,40,行走時注意事項 Traveling notice在平坦的地面上行走時，要收回工作裝置并與地面

49、保持40cm-50cm距離。Traveling on flat ground, we must recover the device and work with the surface 40cm-50cm distance.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,41,盡可能避免在障礙物上行走。如果整機不得不在障礙物上行走。要使工作裝置靠近地面且低速行駛。 As far as

50、possible avoid traveling on barrier. If the machine had to walk on an obstacle. To make the unit close to the ground and low speed.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,42,當(dāng)上坡行駛時，要使工作裝置保持距地面20cm-30cm。在緊急情況下，可以迅

51、速將工作裝置降至地面以幫助停止整機。 When driving uphill, to make working devices to keep away from the ground 20cm-30cm. In an emergency, you can quickly lowered to the ground working device to help stop the machine.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice

52、 when you operate excavator,43,當(dāng)下坡行駛時，要使工作裝置保持距地面20cm-30cm。 While downhill driving, keeping the working device apart from the ground 20cm-30cm.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,44,在斜坡行走應(yīng)小心操作Be careful wal

53、king on slopes當(dāng)行駛在斜坡上時，轉(zhuǎn)彎速度比較快，很難控制機器，所以應(yīng)避免在下坡時轉(zhuǎn)彎。假如必須轉(zhuǎn)彎，首先停止機器，在左轉(zhuǎn)時，向后轉(zhuǎn)動左履帶；右轉(zhuǎn)時，向后轉(zhuǎn)動右履帶，這種方法可以降低在斜坡上轉(zhuǎn)彎的危險性。When traveling on a slope, the turning speed is fast, very difficult to control the machine, it should be av

54、oided when going downhill turn.If it needs to turn, first to stop the machine, when turning left, turning back the left track; right time, turning back the right track, this method can reduce the risk of turning on the

55、slopes.,3.操作時注意事項 Notice when you operate excavator,45,將機械停放于地面上。 The machine is at rest on the ground.將鏟斗降至地面。 Bucket down to the ground.以怠速運行發(fā)動機３分鐘。 Run the engine at idle speed for 3 minutes.,4.停機時注意事項Notice

56、when you stop excavator,46,拉上先導(dǎo)控制關(guān)閉桿將一切操作桿鎖至中位。Pull the pilot cut off level and put all the pilot control level at nurture position.轉(zhuǎn)鑰匙開關(guān)至“０ＦＦ”位置。從開關(guān)上拿掉鑰匙。如果發(fā)動機沒有被正確地關(guān)掉，渦輪增壓器可能被損壞。 Turn key switch to "0FF" p

57、osition. Remove the key from the switch. If you have not been properly turned off the engine, the turbocharger may be damaged.,4.停機時注意事項Notice when you stop excavator,47,,如果必須將整機停放在斜坡上，要將鏟斗調(diào)整到下坡一側(cè)，將鏟斗插入地面。并在履帶的下面放上墊塊以防止

58、整機移動。 If the machine must be parked on a slope, adjust to the downhill side of the bucket, put the bucket into the ground. Placed in the track pad underneath to prevent the machine moving.,4.停機時注意事項Notice when you stop

59、 excavator,48,檢修時警告 Warning when maintenance 在檢查/故障處理時，如果有人啟動發(fā)動機或操作操縱桿，可能會導(dǎo)致嚴重的傷害。因此當(dāng)人離開整機時，務(wù)必要在操縱桿上懸掛“禁止操作”警示牌。 During the inspection / troubleshooting, if someone start the engine or operating the joystick, can ca

60、use serious injury. So when people leave the machine, must be sure to hang "No Operation" warning signs.,5.檢修時注意事項Notice when you maintenance excavator,49,檢修時應(yīng)關(guān)閉發(fā)動機 Stop engine when maintenance 在發(fā)動機運轉(zhuǎn)時進行檢查

61、/故障處理，手或衣服可能被風(fēng)扇、帶輪或風(fēng)扇皮帶夾住。When the engine is running checking/ troubleshooting, hands or clothing may be gripped by the fan, pulley or fan belt.,5.檢修時注意事項Notice when you maintenance excavator,50,整機處于高溫或高壓時的檢修注意事項Notic

62、e when machine is high temperature or high pressure at the time of inspection整機剛停止時，發(fā)動機的冷卻水和機油都處于高溫。在此情況下如果打開蓋子或更換機油，可能會被高溫的水或機油燙傷。 Machine just stopped, the engine cooling water and oil are in high temperatures. In th

63、is case, if you open the cover, or change the oil, may be scalding hot water or oil.,5.檢修時注意事項Notice when you maintenance excavator,51,小心高壓油Careful high pressure oil在正常情況下，每一條液壓油管都存在壓力，所以在釋放內(nèi)部壓力之前，先不要補充油或清除油，或檢修整機。因為高

64、壓油會對皮膚和眼睛造成傷害。 Under normal circumstances, there each hydraulic tubing pressure, so before the internal pressure is released Do not add oil or clean oil, or repair machine. Because the high pressure oil will damage the

65、skin and eyes.,5.檢修時注意事項Notice when you maintenance excavator,Table of contents,,一、挖掘機安全標(biāo)貼 Safety decals of excavator二、挖掘機操作注意事項 Operator notice of excavator三、挖掘機操作基礎(chǔ) Operator Basics of excavator,操縱機構(gòu)C

66、ontrol Mechanism,1.操縱機構(gòu)Control mechanism,①駕駛室門開鎖桿 Cab door lock rod; ②先導(dǎo)切斷閥控制桿 The pilot shut-off valve control lever; ③左方控制桿/喇叭按鈕 The left lever / horn button; ④左行走操作桿 Left-lateral lever; ⑤左行走踏板 Walk left pedal;

67、⑥右行走踏板 Walk the right pedal;⑦右行走操作桿 Right-lateral operation Bar; ⑧右方控制桿/瞬時增力按扭 The right lever / button instantaneous Force;,手先導(dǎo)方向與動作Hand movement direction of the pilot,左手先導(dǎo)閥 右手先導(dǎo)閥The left hand pilot

68、 : The right hand pilot:前：斗桿放出 前：動臂下降 Before: Arm out Before : Boom down后：斗桿收回 后：動臂上升 After: Arm in After : Boom up 左：整機逆時針回轉(zhuǎn)