2011年高考英語試題考點分項解析閱讀理解分類匯編之科普知識類

1、2011年高考英語試題考點分項解析年高考英語試題考點分項解析閱讀理解分類匯編之科普知識類閱讀理解分類匯編之科普知識類（2011湖南卷）湖南卷）CArecentstudyofancientmodernelephanthascomeupwiththeunexpectedconclusionthattheAfricanelephantisdividedintotwodistinct(不同的)speciesThediscoverywasmade

2、byresearchersatYkHarvardUniversitywhentheywereexamingthegeicrelationshipbetweentheancientwoollymammothmastodonmodernelephants—theAsianelepphantAfricanfestelephantAfricansavannaelephant.OncetheyobastainDNAsequences（序列）fro

3、mtwofossils（化石）mammothsmastodonstheteamcompartedthemwithDNAfrommodernelephants.TheyfoundtheiramazementthatmdernfestsavannaelephantsareasdistinctfromeachotherasAsianelephantsmammoths.Thescientistsuseddetailedgeicanalysist

4、oprovethattheAfricansavannaelephanttheAfricanfestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesfseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantswoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthes

5、cientists.Therehaslongbeendebateinthescientificcommunitythatthetwomightbeseparatespeciesbutthisisthemostconvincingscientificevidencesofarthattheyareindeeddifferentspecies.PreviouslymanynaturalistsbelievedthatAfricansavan

6、naelephantsAfricanfestelephantsweretwopopulationgsofthesamespeciesdespitetheelephants’significantsizedifferences.Thesavannaelephanthasanaverageshoulderheightof3.5metreswhilethefestelephanthasanaverateshoulderdoublethewei

7、ghtofthefestelephant.Butthefactthattheylooksodifferrentdoesnotneccssarilymeantheyaredifferentspecies.HowevertheprooflayintheanalysisioftheDNA.AlfriedRocaassitantprofessintheDepartmentofAnimalSciencesattheUniversityofIlli

8、noissaid“Wenowhavetotreatthefestsavannaelephantsastwodifficultunitsfconservationpurpose.Since1950allAficanelephantshavebeenconservedasonespecies.Nowthatweknowthefestsavannaelephantshavebeendistinctanimalsthefestelephants

9、houldbecomeabiggerpriity（優(yōu)先）fconservationpurposes.”此可判斷divergence在此是“分離”之意。68.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知研究人員的結(jié)論是在檢測非洲大象DNA的基礎(chǔ)上得出來的。69.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知AlfredRoca的話主要講的是對不同的非洲大象要分別采取不同的保護(hù)措施。70.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的主題句（第一段）可知選C。（2011江西

10、卷）江西卷）DWhyshouldmankindexplespaceWhyshouldmoneytimeefftbespentexplingresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefitsWhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionspeopleonEarthThesearequestionsthatunderstablyarevery

11、oftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeicmakeup(基因構(gòu)成)ashumanbeings.WhatdroveouranceststomovefromthetreesintotheplainsonintoallpossibleareasenvironmentsThewiderthespreadofaspeciesthebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthe

12、bestreasonfexplingspaceisthisgeictendencytoexpwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexpledbecausebydoingsoanydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedpreparedf.Withoutknowledgewemaybecompletelydestroyedbyth

13、edanger.Withknowledgewecanlessenitseffects.Explationalsoallowsmineralsotherpotential(潛在的)resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthemtheywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledget

14、echniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexplation.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoffsincludingimprovementsinearthquakepredictioninsatellitesfwe

15、atherfecastingincommunicationssystems.Evennonstickpansmirredsunglassesarebyproducts(副產(chǎn)品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespacethechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturntheexpla