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1、Chapter1IntroductionDanSperber&IraNoveckHowdoesourknowledgeoflanguageontheonehofthecontextontheotherpermitustounderstwhatwearetoldresolveambiguitiesgraspbothexplicitimplicitcontentrecognizethefceofaspeechactappreciatemet

2、aphironyTheseissueshavebeenstudiedintwodisciplines:pragmaticspsycholinguisticswithlimitedinteractionsbetweenthetwo.Pragmaticsisrootedinthephilosophyoflanguageinlinguisticshasspawnedcompetingtheiesusingasevidenceamixtureo

3、fintuitionsaboutinterpretationobservationsofbehavi.Psycholinguisticshasdevelopedsophisticatedexperimentalmethodsinthestudyofverbalcommunicationbuthasnotusedthemtotestsystematicpragmatictheies.Thisvolumelaysdownthebasesfa

4、newfieldExperimentalPragmaticsthatdrawsonpragmaticspsycholinguisticsalsoonthepsychologyofreasoning.Chaptersinthisvolumeeitherreviewpioneeringwkpresentnovelwaysofarticulatingtheiesexperimentalmethodsinthearea.Inthisintrod

5、uctionweoutlinesomecepragmaticissuesapproachesrelatethemtoexperimentalwkinpsycholinguisticsinthepsychologyofreasoning.Wethenbrieflypresentonebyonethechaptersofthiscollection.thehearerrecognizethespeaker’smeaning.Thelingu

6、isticdecodingofthesentenceutteredprovidesthehearerwiththesentencemeaningbutthisdecodingisonlyasubpartoftheprocessinvolvedinarrivingatarecognitionofthespeaker’smeaning.Thisrecognitiondoesnotinvolveanydistinctawarenessofth

7、esentencemeaningthatisofthesemanticpropertiesassignedtothesentencebythegrammar.Onlylinguistsphilosophersoflanguagehaveacleardistinctnotionofaninterestinsentencemeaningproper.Unlikesentencemeaningwhichisanabstractionaspea

8、ker’smeaningisamentalstate.MespecificallyfaspeakertomeanthatPisfhertohavetheintentionthatthehearershouldrealisethatinproducingherutterancesheintendedhimtothinkthatP.Aspeaker’smeaningisanovertintentionthatisfulfilledbybei

9、ngrecognisedbytheintendedaudience.ConsiderfinstanceMary’scontributiontothefollowingexchange:(1)Peter:DoyoulikeFellini’sfilmsMary:Someofthem.Inreplying“someofthem”MaryintendsPetertorealizethatsheintendshimtothinkthatsheli

10、kessomeofFellini’sfilmsbutnotall.ThepropositionMarylikessomeofFellini’sfilmsbutnotallisMary’smeaning.Itisnotthelinguisticmeaningofthesentencefragment“someofthem”whichcanbeusedinothersituationstoconveytotallydifferentcont

11、ents.Mary’smeaninggoeswellbeyondthemeaningofthelinguisticexpressionsheuttered.Verbalcomprehensionisoftenseeninpsycholinguisticsasthestudyoflinguisticdecodingprocessesdrawingongrammar(withthepossibilitythatgrammarmayexten

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