《新編簡(jiǎn)明英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教程》1-6章期末復(fù)習(xí)

1、ChapteroneIntroduction1.1什么是語(yǔ)言學(xué)1.1.1定義語(yǔ)言學(xué)LinguisticsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.1.1.2Thescopeoflinguistics語(yǔ)言學(xué)分支必考P2普通語(yǔ)言學(xué)GeneralLinguisticsThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGeneralling

2、uistics.Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphoics.（語(yǔ)音學(xué)）Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.（音位學(xué)）Thestudyofthewayinwhichmphemesarearrangedtofmwdsarecalledmpholog

3、y.（形態(tài)學(xué)）Thestudyofhowmphemeswdsarecombinedtofmsentencesiscalledsyntax（句法學(xué)）Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.（語(yǔ)義學(xué)）Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.（語(yǔ)用學(xué)）1.1.3Someimptantdistinctionsinlinguistics成

4、對(duì)的概念辨析差異必考P3（1）Preivedeive規(guī)定與描寫(xiě)Ifalinguisticstudydescribesanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuseitissaidtobedeiveifitaimstolaydownrulestotellpeoplewhattheyshouldsaywhattheyshouldnotsayitissaidtobepreive.Modernlinguisticsdi

5、ffersfromtraditionalgrammar.Traditionalgrammarispreivewhilemodernlinguisticsisdeive.ThetaskoflinguistsissupposedtodescribethelanguageLanguereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunityparoler

6、eferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Saussuremadethedistinctionindertosingleoutoneaspectoflanguagefseriousstudy.Hebelieveswhatlinguistsshoulddoistoabstractlanguefromparoletodiscovertheregularitiesgoverningtheactualus

7、eoflanguagemakethemthesubjectsofstudyoflinguistics.語(yǔ)言langue（抽象）Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.言語(yǔ)parole（具體）Therealizationoflangueinactualuse.（5）Competenceperfmance語(yǔ)言能力和語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用ProposedbyAmeric

8、anlinguistN.Chomskyinthelate1950’s.Hedefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageperfmancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.Hebelievesthetaskofthelinguistsistodiscoverspeci

9、fythelanguagerules.語(yǔ)言能力Competence（抽象）Competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用perfmance（具體）Perfmanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用是所掌握的規(guī)則在語(yǔ)言交際中的具體體現(xiàn)。（6）Tradition

10、algrammarmodernlinguistics傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法和現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法ItisgenerallybelievedthatthebeginningofmodernlinguisticswasmarkedbythepublicationofFdeSaussure’sbook“CourseinGeneralLinguistics”intheearly20thcentury.Befethatistraditionalgrammar.Differ