the vibration analysis handbook 第五章 滾動軸承的診斷中英對照

1、感謝感謝紅星紅星的審閱和指導(dǎo)的審閱和指導(dǎo)文章某些部分還是有翻的不對的地方文章某些部分還是有翻的不對的地方如有發(fā)現(xiàn)請通知我如有發(fā)現(xiàn)請通知我CHAPTERCHAPTERFIVE:FIVE:AccurateAccurateDiagnosisDiagnosisofofAntifrictionAntifrictionBearingsBearings章節(jié)章節(jié)5滾動軸承的精確診斷滾動軸承的精確診斷INTRODUCTION簡介Thischapterde

2、scribesproceduresfidentifyingdefectsinantifrictionbearingsbyanalyzingfrequenciesgeneratedbythemovingparts.Defectsonbearingracewaysrollingelementsthecagegeneratedifferentfrequencies.Thespectrumshapeamplitudefrequencysumdi

3、fferencefrequenciesthetimedomainsignalareusefulinidentifyingthenaturelocationcombinationsizeofdefects.本章節(jié)描述了如何通過分析運動部件產(chǎn)生的頻率來識別滾動軸承的缺陷。軸承滾道，滾動元件和保持架上的缺陷會產(chǎn)生不同的頻率。頻譜形狀，振幅，頻率，和差頻率，以及時域信號都有助于辨認缺陷的性質(zhì)，位置，組合和大小。Methodsarepresent

4、edtocalculatethebearingfrequenciesidentifyifthebearingisinathrustradialloadcalculatethelengthofinnerracedefectswiththetimedomainsignalmeasurethelengthofadefectontheouterraceinthefrequencydomainspectra.Thenatureofthedefec

5、tsuchasshallowflakingdeepfatiguespallscrosionacidetchingflutinginadequatelubricationcanbedeterminedbyanalyzingthefrequencytimedomaindata.Thesetechniquescanalsoidentifybearingswithexcessiveclearancebearingsthatarenotprope

6、rlyinstalledsuchasthoseturningontheshaftlooseinthehousing.Techniquesusedtopredictthelifespanofadefectivebearingarediscussed.提出計算軸承頻率的方法；確定軸承是否承受軸向或徑向負荷；通過時域信號計算內(nèi)圈缺陷長度；通過頻域譜估算外圈上某個缺陷的長度。缺陷的性質(zhì)，如淺層剝落，深層疲勞碎裂，腐蝕，酸蝕，電蝕和潤滑不足等都可

7、以通過分析頻域和時域數(shù)據(jù)確定。這些技術(shù)也可以用于識別軸承游隙過量以及軸承安裝不當(dāng)，例如跑內(nèi)圈或跑外圈。對預(yù)測有缺陷軸承壽命的技術(shù)進行了討論。DATACOLLECTION數(shù)據(jù)采集Datacollectionisthemostimptantstepinevaluationofbearingcondition.Datashouldbecollectedbyplacingthetransducerinthebearingloadzonewith

8、duerespecttoflexibility.Ifthisisnotdonethebestsignaldefinitionmaynotbeobtained.Fexamplewitharadialbearinginaradialloadthebestsignalisobtainedintheradialposition.Fanangularcontactbearingaradialbearinginathrustloadthebests

9、ignaldefinitionisobtainedintheaxialdirection.Themachineinternalgeometryaswellaswhichproblemsgenerateradialthrustloadsmustbedeterminedindertoproperlyplacethetransducer.Datashouldbetakenwherethetransferfunctionisbestfexamp

10、leputthetransduceronaboltheadnotthecover.Fpillowblocktendingsidedryersimilarbearingsthetransducershouldbeplacednearthetopofthebearing.Fbearingsingearhousingsthetransducershouldbeplacedonaboltheadintheloadzone.數(shù)據(jù)采集是評估軸承狀況

11、最重要的一步。采集數(shù)據(jù)時應(yīng)該把傳感器布置在軸承的承載區(qū)同時兼并靈活性。不這樣做就無法獲得最好的清晰信號。舉例，在一個承受徑向載荷的徑向軸承，滾珠和內(nèi)圈的線性速度。Bd是滾珠直徑，Pd是軸承的節(jié)圓直徑（滾動體中心圓直徑），即對稱位置的滾珠的中心距。Φ是接觸角。如果垂直畫線垂直通過軸承中心，在畫一條線連接滾珠和內(nèi)外圈的接觸點，那么這兩條線之間的夾角就是接觸角。請參見圖52。FundamentalTrainFrequency軸承保持架故障頻率

12、Thetraincagefrequencyisequivalenttotheangularvelocityoftheindividualballcenters.FromFig.51thelinearvelocityofeachballcentercanbedescribedas軸承保持架故障頻率可被描述為單個滾珠中心的角速度。圖51所示，每個滾珠中心線速度可被描述為，Angularvelocity(ω)isdefinedasthelin