[教育]英文科技論文寫(xiě)作ppt課件英文

1、1,Part 1,About Submission toMining Science And TechnologyFormerly Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2,1. History,1) It has begun publication since 1990(semi-annual publication)2) It has become

2、a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 20053) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2007(attracting foreign authors)4) It has been renamed as “Mining Science and Technology” and become bimonth

3、ly since 2009 (resulting in a great increase in download),3,2. An often-asked question,Is the journal of “mining science and technology” a core journal?For English journal in China, there is no the so-called “core jour

4、nal” Ei “page one” and “compendex”No “page one” but “compendex” since 2009,4,3. How can my article be accepted?,1. Academic level (the most important)2. Fluent English 3. Cite as many as possible articles publ

5、ished in Mining Science and Technology as references4. Style and format,5,4.Matters needing attention,1. First submission: Either Chinese alone or English alone is OK, and so are both languages at the same time (you’d b

6、etter use telephone)2. Input your information including cell-phone number and email address, etc, at the end of your article, as detail as possible.3. you can inquire the editorial office after a certain period of subm

7、ission,6,Part 2,英文科技論文寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言問(wèn)題MAKING “GOOD” BETTER(使你的文章好上加好)By Li ChengjunThe editor of Mining Science and Technology0516-83885569; licj@cumt.edu.cn,7,1. 國(guó)際主流期刊最新語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn),Ⅰ. Why we discuss this topic? Ⅱ. Persona

8、l and Voice Ⅲ. It-sentence Ⅳ. Tense,8,Ⅰ. Why we discuss this topic?,To be in line with international leading journal in language expression,9,Ⅱ. Personal and Voice,Up until now, most of us are accustomed to usi

9、ng passive voice and unwilling to use “we” or “I” as subject because …,10,Use We-sentence and active voice,We-sentence is a more-modern style, reads more interesting, and communicates with the reader more directly. We

10、 report …We speculate …We generated …We measured …,11,We-sentences appear in many leading journals,In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that

11、 … We provide evidence that … (Science)The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we introduced into … (

12、Science),12,Cont.,Here I show that application of wavelet analysis to experimentally manipulated plankton communities reveals strong synchrony after disturbance. (Nature 454, 331-334 17 July 2008)Here, we address plast

13、icity and interconnection of distinct signal transduction pathways within this network. (Cell, Volume 133, Issue 3, 2 May 2008, Pages 452-461),13,Problem: Very few of us use WE,1) Situation about an article from a certai

14、n journal2) Situation about the articles from The 6th Intern. Conf. Mining,14,Passive voice,Contemporary writing in science has become more and more direct and, as it has, the use of passive voice has been fast disappea

15、ring. (Petey Young, Writing and Presenting in English.Elsevier, 2006, 34),15,Problem: Passive voice is overused by Chinese authors,Passive voice is commonly found in research papers written by Chinese authors or edited b

16、y editors of Chinese journalsThey are accustomed to use passive voice,16,An example,In our study, by using applied differential geometrical theory and ANSYS software, the 6×7IWS wire rope geometrical model building

17、 and finite element model building were carried out, the comparison of the wire rope model of right same-direction-lay with that of right sz-lay was performed, and the finite element calculation for boundary conditions b

18、etween the two kinds of wire ropes was made.,17,Using passive voice when it is necessary,隨著淺部煤層不斷枯竭,許多煤礦不得不開(kāi)采深部煤層With the shallow coal resources becoming increasingly exhausted, many coal mines must mine deep coal seam

19、s.,18,Cont.,Edited:With the shallowly buried coal resources becoming increasingly exhausted, the deeply buried coal seams have to be exploited in more and more coal mines,19,Ⅲ. It-sentence,“It-sentences” are often used

20、 in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.,20,Use it-sentence as less as possible,很明顯,溫度影響了反應(yīng)過(guò)程O(píng)k: It is clear that temperature affects the reaction. Be

21、tter: Temperature clearly affects the reaction.,21,More examples,Bad: It can be concluded/It is found that …Good: The result shows/indicates that …,22,Cont.,Indirect language: It will be the end of the year before we

22、 can expect results to be readyDirect, clear language:We expect results by the end of the year.,23,Cont.,Indirect language: It was discovered in our laboratories that sulfur dichloride reacts with…Direct, clear lan

23、guage:We discovered sulfur dichloride reacts with…,24,Cont.,Indirect language: It is vital to recognize the importance of the variance among lengths of multiple bonds. Direct, clear language:Recognizing variance in

24、the length of multiple bonds is vital.,25,Cont.,Indirect language: It is very important to realize that the aforementioned results are…Direct, clear language:The results are important because…,26,Cont.,Indirect langu

25、age: If my group had been able to, we would have prepared the compound but… Direct, clear language:We have not prepared the compound because…,27,Cont.,Indirect language: There have been recent developments in NMR w

26、hich allow… Direct, clear language: Recent developments in NMR allow…,28,Cont.,Indirect language: There are three molecular orbits, namely, 1), 2), and 3)… Direct, clear language: The three molecular orbits are

27、 1), 2), and 3)…,29,Use “it-sentence” to emphasize sth,正是由于這種雙耳狀高應(yīng)力的連續(xù)及反復(fù)作用使得巷道逐漸被破壞 It is this continuous and repeated action of the "double-ear-shaped" high stress that gradually destroys the roadway.,30,Ⅳ

28、. Tense,Using past simple for what was done before; Using present simple for “result” and “conclusion.,31,Examples of misused past simple,In this paper, we presented…Fig. 1/ Table 1 showed…The result indicated/showed

29、that…,32,2. 修改實(shí)例,1) 改用陳述句摘要:為了解決現(xiàn)有各種不同通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)方法因素較多，而且這些因素又具有模糊性，利用傳統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)方法很難對(duì)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)的難題，本文建立了…,33,Original,Abstract: In order to solve the existing problem that the ventilation system has so many various factors, and

30、 these factors are also fuzzy, it is very difficult to evaluate the ventilation system accurately using traditional methods, an evaluation system … was established...,34,Edited 1,摘要: 現(xiàn)有各種不同通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)方法因素較多，而且這些因素又具有模糊性，故利用傳統(tǒng)

31、的評(píng)價(jià)方法很難對(duì)通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià). 針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，建立了…,35,Edited 2,Abstract: Factors of the currently-used method for assessing ventilation system are numerous and fuzzy, making it much difficult to accurately assess the ventilation system. A

32、iming at this problem, we built …,36,Cont.,2) 狀語(yǔ)位置(可靈活處理以使句子協(xié)調(diào)) 為了探討露天煤礦拉斗鏟的作業(yè)效率，采用黑岱溝露天礦拉斗鏟現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，研究了拉斗鏟的作業(yè)周期和滿斗系數(shù)。,37,Original,Abstract: In order to discuss the operational efficiency of the Dragline in Surface

33、Coal Mines, using the spot operation data of dragline in Heidaigou Surface Mine, this paper concentrates a study on the operational period and the bucket fill factor of dragline.,38,Edited,Abstract: Using the spot operat

34、ion data of dragline in Heidaigou Surface Mine, we studied the operational period and the bucket fill factor of dragline so as to further discuss the operation efficiency.,39,Cont.,3) 管轄問(wèn)題為了驗(yàn)證用充氣方法縮短測(cè)壓時(shí)間的正確性，我們分別在潞安集團(tuán)屯留

35、煤礦北風(fēng)井和李村煤礦風(fēng)井進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。,40,Original translation,In order to verify the correctness of using aeration method to shorten the time needed for gas pressure test, we performed the site tests in the north ventilation shaft of Tun

36、liu coal mine and in the ventilation shaft of Licun coal mine of Lu’an Group.,41,Edited,In order to verify the correctness of using aeration method to shorten the time needed for gas pressure test, we performed site test

37、s in shafts of two coal mines of Lu’an Group, one in the north ventilation shaft of Tunliu coal mine, and the other in the ventilation shaft of Licun coal mine,42,Cont.,4) Using the same word for the same thing Trace

38、 element in some sentences and micro-element in other sentences in the same article,43,Cont.,火成巖侵入?yún)^(qū)、變焦區(qū)及瓦斯富集區(qū)的反射率法正演與CSSI反演研究,44,Original,Study on igneous intrusive area, coked zone of coal seam and gas-rich region using

39、 the reflectivity method forward and CSSI (constrained sparse spike inverse) seismic inversion,45,Edited,Reflectivity forward modeling and constrained sparse spike inverse (CSSI) of igneous intrusive area, coked area, an

40、d gas-enriched area in coal seams,46,Cont.,5) Using we and changing nouns into verbs本研究應(yīng)用微分幾何理論及利用ANSYS軟件進(jìn)行了6×7 IWS鋼絲繩的幾何建模和有限元建模，進(jìn)行了右同向捻(right same-direction-lay)和右交互捻(right sz-lay)兩種鋼絲繩模型對(duì)比，對(duì)兩類(lèi)鋼絲繩的邊界條件進(jìn)行有限元計(jì)算.,47

41、,Cont.,OriginalIn our study, by using applied differential geometrical theory and ANSYS software, the 6×7IWS wire rope geometrical model building and finite element model building were carried out, the comparison o

42、f the wire rope model of right same-direction-lay with that of right sz-lay was performed, and the finite element calculation for boundary conditions between the two kinds of wire ropes was made.,48,Cont.,Analysis: Use v

43、erb form instead of noun; Use we-sentence把名詞”建模”變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞”建立了”;把名詞 ” 對(duì)比” 變?yōu)?動(dòng)詞 ”對(duì)比了…”; 把名詞” 有限元計(jì)算”變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞 ”用有限元方法…計(jì)算了…”, 并且用we做主語(yǔ),49,Cont.,Edited Using applied differential geometrical theory and ANSYS software, we built bo

44、th geometrical model and finite element model for 6×7IWS wire rope, compared the wire rope model of right same-direction-lay with that of right sz-lay, and calculated the boundary conditions between the two wire rop

45、es using the finite element method.,50,Cont.,6) About transitional words隨著我國(guó)煤田開(kāi)采程度加大，勘探區(qū)將逐步向深部發(fā)展。深部煤層、薄煤層及火成巖入侵區(qū)的地質(zhì)勘探工作已經(jīng)提到議事日程。瓦斯突出問(wèn)題是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)困擾煤礦安全生產(chǎn)的一個(gè)災(zāi)害性問(wèn)題，迫切需要在常規(guī)勘探方法的基礎(chǔ)上加以解決。,51,Original,1) With the increase of coal m

46、ining intensity in Our country, coal field exploration is going toward the depth. 2) The issue of deep, thin coal seams as well as the coal seams intruded by igneous rocks is now placed on the agenda. 3) Gas outburst has

47、 been a problem threatening safety production in coal mines for a long time, urgently needing to be solved based on conventional method.,52,Edited,With the increase of coal mining intensity in China, coal field explorati

48、on is going toward the depth. As a result, the issue of deeply buried coal seams, thin coal seams, and the igneous-rock-intruded coal seams is now placed on the agenda. In addition, gas outburst has become a problem thre

49、atening safety production in coal mines for a long time, urgently needing to be solved based on conventional method.,53,Cont.,7) Example from a manuscript (1)在巖石爆破中,至少有二十多個(gè)因素,包括爆破參數(shù),裝藥參數(shù)及巖石參數(shù),對(duì)巖石爆破的質(zhì)量和效果產(chǎn)生影響 In rock bl

50、asting, there at least has more than twenty factors, including explosion parameters, charge parameters, and rock parameters, which produce an influence on the quality and effect of the rock blasting,54,Edited,In rock bla

51、sting, at least more than 20 factors, including explosion parameters, charge parameters, and rock parameters, affect rock blasting.,55,Cont.,8) Example from a manuscript (2)型煤的熱穩(wěn)定性是影響型煤造氣的關(guān)鍵因素, 提高煤的熱穩(wěn)定性是型煤技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)力需要迫切解

52、決的問(wèn)題. The thermal stability of briquette is the key to make gas from briquette. (smoother)Improving the briquette’s thermal stability is (an) urgent (?) to be solved when the briquette technology is turned into labor f

53、orce.,56,Edited,Thermal stability is a key factor for gas-making from briquette. So improving the thermal stability is an urgent problem to be solved for the commercialization of the briquette technology.,57,Cont.,9) How

54、 to deal with a lengthy title?陜北富縣探區(qū)延長(zhǎng)組長(zhǎng)３油層成巖儲(chǔ)集相劃分及其對(duì)儲(chǔ)層的控制作用The Division of Diagenesis Reservoir Facies in the Chang 3 Reservoir of Yanchang Formation of Fuxian exploration area in Shanbei and the Controls of the high

55、quality Reservoirs,58,Edited,成巖儲(chǔ)集相劃分及其對(duì)儲(chǔ)層的控制作用---以陜北富縣探區(qū)延長(zhǎng)組長(zhǎng)３油層為例Division of diagenesis reservoir facies and its control over the reservior---Case study of Chang-3 Reservoir in Yangchang formation of Fuxian exploratio

56、n area of north Shaanxi,59,Cont.,10) Analysis of title translation“煤巖動(dòng)力災(zāi)害電磁輻射分級(jí)預(yù)警模型及應(yīng)用”怎么翻譯?coal-and-rock dynamic disaster electromagnetic radiation Graded warning model and its application,60,Cont.,Make sure what the

57、title means“煤巖動(dòng)力災(zāi)害電磁輻射分級(jí)預(yù)警模型及應(yīng)用”1. Model building dominated2. Application dominated3. Relation between EMR and model building,61,Cont.,make phrases“煤巖動(dòng)力災(zāi)害電磁輻射分級(jí)預(yù)警模型及應(yīng)用”動(dòng)力災(zāi)害dynamic disaster (107)/hazard(520)?電磁輻射e

58、lectromagnetic radiation (EMR)分級(jí)預(yù)警Graded Warning,62,Cont.,煤巖動(dòng)力災(zāi)害電磁輻射分級(jí)預(yù)警模型及應(yīng)用”For model building dominated, we write:Graded warning model building based on electromagnetic radiation for coal-and-rock dynamic disaster

59、,63,Cont.,煤巖動(dòng)力災(zāi)害電磁輻射分級(jí)預(yù)警模型及應(yīng)用”For application dominated, we write:Application of electromagnetic-radiation-based / EMR-based graded warning model in predicting coal-and-rock dynamic disaster,64,3. 其它問(wèn)題,About subheading

60、sBe parallel and concise Avoid sameness between different levels of title,65,An example from a manuscript,…的影響因素研究… Research on factors affecting…1. 引言 Introduction2. 實(shí)驗(yàn) Experimental3. …的影響因素研究… Research on factor

61、s affecting…3.1 溫度對(duì)…的影響 Effect of temperature on…3.2 時(shí)間對(duì)…的影響 Effect of time on…3.3 壓力對(duì)…的影響 Effect of pressure on…,66,Cont.,Edited…的影響因素研究… Research on factors affecting…1. 引言 Introduction2. 實(shí)驗(yàn) Experimental 3. 影響

62、因素 Effect factors3.1 溫度 Temperature3.2 時(shí)間 Time3.3 壓力 Pressure,67,Cont.,Another example破碎砂巖固液耦合變形的時(shí)間效應(yīng)研究1. 引言2. 試驗(yàn)設(shè)備和試驗(yàn)方法 3. 破碎砂巖固液耦合變形的時(shí)間效應(yīng)3.1. 破碎砂巖固液耦合蠕變過(guò)程中位移隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.2. 破碎砂巖固液耦合蠕變過(guò)程中孔隙率隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系

63、 3.3. 破碎砂巖固液耦合蠕變過(guò)程中碎脹系數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.4. 破碎砂巖固液耦合蠕變過(guò)程中壓實(shí)度隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.5. 破碎砂巖固液耦合蠕變過(guò)程中剛度系數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 4. 結(jié)論,68,Cont.,Edited破碎砂巖固液耦合變形的時(shí)間效應(yīng)研究1. 引言2. 試驗(yàn)設(shè)備和試驗(yàn)方法3. 結(jié)果與討論3.1 位移隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.2 孔隙率隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.3 碎脹系數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3

64、.4 壓實(shí)度隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 3.5 剛度系數(shù)隨時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系 4. 結(jié)論,69,Cont.,Further simplified破碎砂巖固液耦合變形的時(shí)間效應(yīng)研究1. 引言2. 試驗(yàn)設(shè)備和試驗(yàn)方法3. 各種因素與時(shí)間的關(guān)系3.1 位移(與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系) 3.2 孔隙率(與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系) 3.3 碎脹系數(shù)(與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系) 3.4 壓實(shí)度(與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系) 3.5 剛度系數(shù)(與時(shí)間的變化關(guān)系

65、) 4. 結(jié)論,70,Cont.,Wording Difference between C-E words: Chinese words vs. English words Chinese medicine vs. western medicineRough vs. accurate,71,Cont.,Example 1中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題,各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)務(wù)必優(yōu)先考慮這一問(wèn)題.China’s economy is a

66、big problem, and leaders at all levels must give it a priority consideration. (現(xiàn)代漢英翻譯技巧,王大偉),72,Cont.,Edited:China’s economy is a major issue, and leaders at all levels must give it a priority consideration.,73,Cont.,E

67、xample 2低速度就等于停步,甚至等于后退.Original: Low speed equals stagnation and even retrogression. (中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào))Edited: Slow growth equals stagnation and even retrogression. (外研社),74,Cont.,Use as few adjectives as possibleTry to explai

68、n, not praise,75,Cont.,collocation Which is correct?精細(xì)解釋: fine interpretation/detailed interpretation多解性: multi-solution/multi-interpretation,76,Cont.,Examples about collocation1）在時(shí)變系統(tǒng)預(yù)測(cè)中，系統(tǒng)在工作時(shí)與工作點(diǎn)附近的數(shù)據(jù)有較大的相關(guān)性，而與遠(yuǎn)